Ebambekayo ifilosofi (W. uYakobi, Charles Peirce, uJohn Dewey)

Ebambekayo ifilosofi apho kwi-imi- 70 kwinkulungwane XIX, ingcamango esisiseko ukuhamba zabakho Charles Pierce. Pragmatists babekholelwa ukuba bulumko sahlaziywa ngokupheleleyo, ngokushiya imigaqo yalo engundoqo kwaye sizimisele ukusebenzisa indlela yabo elijongana ngayo ubomi babantu. Ingcamango angundoqo flow - sengqondo ebonakalayo kubomi lomntu ngamnye. Ebambekayo ifilosofi, ngamafutshane, ezidluliswa angachithi ixesha ukusombulula iingxaki senkolelo akunanto yakwenza ubunyani, kwaye banomdla kuphela yabantu, iingxaki engxamisekileyo kunye ingqalelo yonke ngokwembono yenzuzo. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, umseki le Movement Charlz Pirs. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imfundiso yakhe yentanda alupheleli nje ukuya ebambekayo kunye nezizathu zalo. Pearce uthi yokucinga kuyimfuneko kuphela ukuba imveliso iinkolelo ezizinzileyo, oko nje ukuzimisela ezazi ukuba ngandlel 'ithile kwimeko nganye. Ulwazi ifilosofi wakhe - oku inguqu ukusuka ekubeni ulwazi, kunye nentshukumo umthemba ukuya inkolelo. Pearce ukholelwa ukuba nkolelo kuyinyaniso kwimeko apho isenzo esisekelwe phezu kwayo, nto leyo umgca osezantsi engqinelanayo. Babizwa ngokuba "Umgaqo Peirce" uchaza yonke ebambekayo-bulumko, yonke umongo yabantu iingcamango zoke yokwenene (practical) iziphumo ezinokufundwa kubo. Kwakhona evela Pierce usebenzisa ilandelwa ngu izimvo ezintathu ezingundoqo kwimimandla:

• Sicinga kukuzuza ukwaneliseka ayinyani ngokwasengqondweni;
• inyaniso - oku oko kuboniswa ngokohlobo ngenxa bobuqili;
• izinto - iseti iimeko ezinokwenzeka.

Uilyam Dzheyms, ngumlandeli iingcamango Peirce uthi umntu ngamnye intanda yakhe. Inyaniso kukuba abaninzi kabini, yaye imbono zomntu ngamnye indlela yayo, kunye isambuku zonke ezi ndlela iziphumo ekudalweni yemboniselo onezigxina ezininzi zehlabathi. Inyaniso - kukuba izinto ezininzi ezifanelekileyo kwimeko ethile ebomini, yaye uninzi zingqinelana namava lomntu ngamnye. Ebambekayo bulumko James wakha phezu kwimbono inyaniso njengento ukuba lwalo practical. quote yakhe edumileyo: "Inyaniso - yinto ngecredit card, eliya kusebenza kuphela kwiimeko ezithile."

Modern Western ifilosofi ebambekayo Dzhona Dyui ingqalelo ngokuthi nempembelelo gqitha kwimfundiso zonke eziya US. Dewey wayesithi ukuba bulumko kudala oluxhamla intlalo yedemokhrasi. Waba ingcamango zophando lwezenzululwazi, kodwa nenzululwazi iimfundiso zakhe - indlela apho abantu bathathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo. Injongo ulwazi ihlabathi akunakwenzeka. Ulwazi - ungenelelo esebenzayo lwe sifundo kwinkqubo yophando, ukucikideka ngenjongo. Iingcinga ezisetyenziswa ukusombulula iimeko eziyingxaki. Ngokoqobo idaliwe kwinkqubo yophando lwenzululwazi. Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo umsebenzi yoluntu (imithetho, iingcamango) ayibonisi uze umkhonze ukunika iingenelo kwimeko ethile.