Isilwanyana Ilaphu - ntoni na?

Ukususela amalaphu luqulathe eziphilayo zezityalo nezilwanyana kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Zahluke, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye laphu yenze nemisebenzi yayo.

Yintoni eyenza lo laphu?

Inxalenye incinane noshowo somzimba iseli. Kwezi, kwaye yabhalwa zonke iintlobo izicwili - zombini izityalo kunye nezilwanyana.

isakhiwo cell

Esi sakhiwo lunokubakho njengequmrhu eyahlukileyo. Enye iseli ezinikezwe ezifana neentsholongwane eukaryotes lenyama. Eli candelo le esiphilayo siquka iindawo ezinjalo: plasma inwebu, kukho icytoplasm, imelwe isisombululo colloidal, ngumongo kunye organelles - izakhiwo ezisisigxina, nganye ezisebenza umsebenzi ethile. Xa isakhiwo weseli yezilwanyana kukho organelles: Iziko iseli, ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, izixhobo Golgi kunye reticulum endoplasmic. plant cells kwahluka kubo ukuba ziqulathe vacuoles (zokuqala ezimbalwa, kunye nokuguga iiseli, ukuba bahlanganisane kwenye central) kunye plastids: chromoplasts, leucoplasts kunye chloroplasts.

I-plasma inwebu ye cell zezilwanyana siquka ngeengcamba ezintathu: neprothini ezimbini lipid therebetween. Le iqokobhe, kuthi, lingqongwe yi glycocalyx, nto leyo ubunjwe polysaccharides, glycolipids, glycoproteins. Organelles yenze le misebenzi ilandelayo: iziko iseli - ukwabiwa zofuzo ngexesha ngokucandeka, ribosomes - le Yindibanisela iiprothini, le lysosomes - ukuqhekeka izinto kunye enzyme, mitochondria - ugesi, izixhobo Golgi - nokwanda ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezithile, reticulum endoplasmic (reticulum) - ukuthuthwa iikhompawundi chemical. Inani abathile organelles esiseleni kuxhomekeke nokuba yinxalenye naluphi na uhlobo kwilaphu.

izixwexwe Isakhiwo animal

inyama yezilwanyana ubunjwe iiseli, odityanisiweyo kweziyobisi intercellular. Kuxhomekeka indawo yemeko, ukuze ube sisincoko ezahlukeneyo, ndikho izixa enoba kukancinane okanye kakhulu. Esikule izilwanyana, kukho ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• kuhlangana;
• epithelial;
• thazeke;
• kwezihlunu.

kwizicwili

Baya kuza Iintlobo ezifana: lalingqingqwa kwaye evakalala ezinezikhondo, intlala, ithambo, igazi kunye nkovu, nenqatha, reticulum. Bonke kufuneka babe isixa esikhulu matrix extracellular. Inyama ashinyeneyo ezinezikhondo ibandakanya ubukhulu becala kwimicu ifayibha evakalala - ukusuka ubunzima amorphous. Ithambo liye isixa esikhulu into eqinileyo intercellular eziquka iikhompawundi chemical ezingaphiliyo. into Intercellular of intlala inyama iqulathe kwezinto eziphilayo. Eli laphu reticular iqulathe iiseli stem akhiwa apho egazi. Le Ukwakhiwa igazi kunye nkovu ubandakanya isixa esikhulu ulwelo. Ubume bale hlobo esiqwini imfuyo kwenziwe ngeeseli ezithile, zibizwa ngokuba nabo egazi. Iintlobo zabo:

• iiseli ezibomvu;
• leukocytes;
• zegazi.

Ngamnye kubo yenze nemisebenzi yayo. Erythrocytes inikezwe njengoba nezakhiwo setyhula equlethe mpilo. Banoxanduva ukuthuthwa ioksijini wonke umzimba. iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi enze umsebenzi omzimba. IiPlatelets banoxanduva ekunqandeni igazi xa kukho umonakalo ulusu.

izicwili Epithelial zezilwanyana

Le epithelium yahlulwe ngeentlobo ezininzi:

• eflethini;
• cubic;
• zezindlu;
• ciliated;
• touch;
• glandular.

epithelium carcinomas thaca iiseli atshabalalisa, banayo imilo weepholigoni. Le Ilaphu into em- kuvuleke iminxunya nangomlomo. Cubic inyama epithelial yezilwanyana aseMyanmar tubules zezintso, zezindlu - isisu kwakunye namathumbu, ciliated - yomoya, ngaphandle kwebala - kwisisu ngeempumlo. Icandelo Glandular is namadlala. Iiseli yalo inyama ethile kunye nokuvelisa iihomoni, ubisi njalo njalo. D.

ijwabu imisipha

Kananjalo zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezininzi:

• ezinemizila;
• ziindlela ezigudileyo;
• intliziyo.

Inyama dystrophy lweentlobo zezilwanyana yokuqala isisahlulo izihlunu kwenkqubo musculoskeletal. Zezihlunu agudileyo ngamalungu lwangaphakathi akhiwa, ezifana amathumbu, isisu, wesibeleko, njl Intliziyo luphawulwa kukuba kwimicu ayo uyahambelana kunye nabanye - .. It ivumela ukuba nciphisa ngokukhawuleza.

izicwili ukoyika izilwanyana

Olu hlobo kwilaphu siquka veretenopodobnyh, stellate, okanye iiseli ungqukuva - luvo, kunye nezinto intercellular - mesogloea ebonelela izondlo kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo. Luvo luqulathe umzimba, i Umzobo wesi kunye luvo - iinkqubo apho iiseli uxhulumeneyo. Bona ezifunekayo uphawu.