I iseli isityalo iyunithi eziziziqalelo a esiphilayo - izityalo. Iqulethe izakhi ziqhelekilyo zonke izinto eukaryotic: isiqalo, kukho icytoplasm, izixhobo Golgi, mitochondria, reticulum endoplasmic, ribosomes, lysosomes, microtubules. Nangona kunjalo, i iseli sityalo na umahluko - kuba phambi plastids, le vacuole nodonga kwincindi.
Izisa ndawonye onke organelles phakathi kwakhe inxaxheba nethe ophilayo ekhethekileyo semi phakathi kwiyunithi eziziziqalelo (iseli) - le icytoplasm. kunokuba kukho icytoplasm okunzima isakhiwo. Kuyinto isisombululo multicomponent colloidal leyo sishintshe ukusuka Sol ukuba gel. Iseli yonke into elangena yi zixhobo protein ezenza iyunithi cytoskeleton zesakhiwo. Liquka amanzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukususela-60 ukuya kwi-90% yabo iiproteni zizonke ubunzima (10-20%) kunye lipids (ukuya kwi-23%), kwakunye nezinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo. Indima kukho icytoplasm ebomini yeseli likhulu kunene:
- nguwo eliphakathi apho ekudibaneni kwemichiza;
- Uye ubesoloko ethatha inxaxcheba ephambili nethe;
- Likwalondoloza turgor kunye thermoregulation;
- ezisebenza umsebenzi ukuxhasa, inceda ukugcina imilo cell.
Impembelelo iiseli eliphakathi semi-eziqinileyo kunye ezingaphandle - ubushushu, ukukhanya, umoya ukubunjwa, amanzi. Konke oku kuchaphazela ngqo ukuhamba kukho icytoplasm, apho sihlala khona. Ngokushukumisa isisombululo colloidal kunye nezondlo (ioksijini, ATP njl) unit eziziziqalelo omzimba eziphilayo ezikhoyo. imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kwiiseli wayisa ezininzi nokomzimba. Power umzimba unit noshowo abahlala kwenzeka ngexesha reactions kwemichiza, nto leyo izinto ezingaphiliyo senziwa similise organic. Ukuphefumla iseli oksijini yezityalo, lasekwa ngo igcwala kwezinto ezinzima - iikhabhohayidrethi, lipids, acid. Kwangaxeshanye ngexesha nokuphefumla kwenzeka kuyondelelaniswe nokukhululwa eneji efunekayo ukuze siphile. Iseli zezityalo ukunyuka ngekulula udonga cellulosic kunye nokwanda umthamo kukho icytoplasm kunye vacuoles.
Ndawonye, zonke ezi nkqubo ebalulekileyo bayabandakanyeka nethe, eli engundoqo iyileyo - ukuyilwa imveliso entsha, yokubola yabo kumacandelo ezincinane, ukususwa iimveliso kuwohloka iiseli okanye ifakwe ngohlobo kwezinto reserve. Ukuqhela kweeyunithi ezingeyomfuneko kwenzeka eludongeni yeseli, xa uhambisa, isigxina (ukwakheka) loMthetho izakhiwo ezintsha lwenziwa yi intshukumo kukho icytoplasm.
uziphinde ngokwahlula i inkalo ebalulekileyo kukuba nako iiseli. Isiphumo sale nkqubo - ukuyilwa iiyunithi ezimbini noshowo amanyeneyo umzimba ophilileyo, abe iseti zofuzo, efana umzali.
Ngoko ke, i iseli sityalo umzimba incinane isakhiwo ophilileyo, zayidla, ephefumlayo, aphendule ziyakhuthazeka, ukwandisa, ekhuthazwa, kwaye kukho icytoplasm kunye organelles badl kulo ababandakanyeka ukutya.