Isithuba-ntathu emine

Namhlanje, yonke schoolchild uyazi ukuba indawo apho kukho umntu,-ntathu, oko kukuthi, oko ineenkalo ezintathu: ubude, bukwangako nobubanzi, ukuphakama. Kodwa yintoni na -Ntathu ezine indawo? Ukuba abawafundi nje kuphela indawo lwendawo umzimba, kodwa iyitshintsha njani ngokuhamba kwexesha, oko kukuthi, iinkqubo ezithi zenzeke isithuba-ntathu, kukho esinye nokulawula - ixesha. -Ntathu Zine kwaye iqulathe zilungelelanise ezintathu zendawo enye temporal. Kulo mzekelo, zesayensi kunye zobulumko zithetha omnye isithuba-time eziqhubekayo. Ixesha kunye nendawo zihlobene. Enyanisweni, ukuba kuvela imiba obahlukileyo i-mbini emine isithuba-ixesha.

isithuba-ntathu emine nje umanyano ixesha kunye nendawo na impahla umdla oko kukuthi ngenxa thiyori ka of Einstein. Ihlala yokuba nesantya indlela umzimba, ukuba ubakhanyisele oko kancinane Intili ixesha, kwaye umzimba ngokwayo zancitshiswa ubukhulu.

Khawucinge isithuba-ntathu emine kakhulu kunzima. xa isikolo, warhola iflethi iimilo zejiyometri, ayizange nayo naziphi na iingxaki ezithile - bona ezikumila kumacala mabini (abe ububanzi nobude). Kwakunzima kakhulu ukuba bazobe kwaye zimele iimilo-ntathu - cone, iiphiramidi, iisilinda kunye nangaphezulu. Kwaye cinga isafobe-ntathu emine zicwadi kunzima nkqu imathematika physics.

Kakade ke, ingcamango "abane-mbini isithuba" kuyimfuneko ukuba ingasetyenziswa. zesayensi senkolelo basebenzisa ingqikelelo-mbini emine isithuba-ixesha njengesixhobo kwi izibalo, ukuphuhlisa kweli hlabathi geometry-mbini emine.

Theory Einstein wathi nondiliseko umzimba igalelo ugobile ngeenxa-mbini emine isithuba-ngexesha lakhe. Akulula ukuba nombono "obuqhelekileyo" isithuba-ixesha, kwaye ukuphazamiseka - kubenzima ngakumbi. Kodwa yesayensi yemvelo, okanye izibalo kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuba bangenise nantoni na. Esime kuwo imela ukutshintsha kwijometri lwemizimba okanye iimilo. Umzekelo, ubude circumferential ibhekisa ubukhulu bayo ngo-moya njengoko 3,14, yaye oku kuyinyaniso ukuba kumphezulu egosogoso. Ithuba ugobile isithuba-mbini amane bathi kwi ekuqaleni elinethoba yezibalo Russian kwinkulungwane UNikolai Lobachevsky. Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-yeshumi elinesithoba, sezibalo waseJamani Riemann waqalisa ukuhlola isithuba "egosogoso" hayi abathathu kuphela dimensions, kodwa ezine, yaye ngoko naliphi na inani zobukhulu. Ekubeni wew isithuba egosogoso kuthiwa non-Euclidean. Wabaseki geometry non-Euclidean wayengazi ukuba phantsi kweziphi iimeko kunokuba luncedo geometry zabo. Izixhobo lwezibalo, leyo wadala, bokwamkelwa esikolweni esetyenziswa ekuqulunqweni kwezinto ngokubanzi (kwezinto ngokubanzi).

Einstein wabonisa isiphumo umdla, ngokuphathelele ixesha: yintsimi omxhuzulane enamandla, kuya kumpompoza ingacota kunendlela ngaphandle ixesha. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuya kubakho ixesha elangeni ingacota kunendlela on Earth, kuba amandla nondiliseko Sun inkulu kakhulu amandla womxhuzulane Yomhlaba. Ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo ngaashi ubude ethile ngaphezu Umhlaba kuhamba kancinci ngokukhawuleza kunokuba phezu komhlaba wethu.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wonke nezesayensi izazinzulu ukuvula iimpawu kwexesha, njengoko ukudodobala iinkwenkwezi zalo neutron kufuphi, ukumisa ixesha kwi "imingxuma emnyama," ithuba ezingenzeka of "inguqu" kwi isithuba kunye nexesha inkqubo umva.

Ngaphandle yasendle omxhuzulane kubonakala njalo ebizwa isithuba - yokusingqongileyo apho amandla womxhuzulane emzimbeni, okanye enze, okanye enze buthathaka kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nobungakanani Umhlaba. Basa kwisithuba, yaye uninzi iye isithuba.