Theory of kwezinto: imbali zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ingqiqo omkhulu

Ithiyori ka, formula ezo thaca kuluntu lwezenzululwazi yi Einstein ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, kuba inembali ende nezinomtsalane. Ngale ndlela ke oosonzululwazi baye bakwazi ukoyisa ezininzi eziphikisanayo, ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi ngenzululwazi, ukudala intsimi lwenzululwazi olutsha. Kwangaxeshanye, ithiyori ka yi hayi ezinye uhlobo lwemveliso isiphelo, ukuba iphuhlise kwaye iphucula kunye nophuhliso kwenzululwazi.

Izazinzulu abaninzi bakholelwa inyathelo lokuqala, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kukhokelele ekuyilweni odumileyo Einstein kaThixo, imbonakalo ingcamango edume lamaNikolawo uCopernicus. Kamva, oku kusekelwe kwiziphumo ze-nzulu Polish, uGalileo yaqulunqa umgaqo yakhe edumileyo, ngaphandle apho imfundiso ka nje akuyi kwenzeka. Ngokuhambelana ngayo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa iimpawu lwendawo-temporal le nkqubo yaba into of reference ngokunxulumene apho into lingashukumi.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ngoku, nto leyo iye yaguquka ithiyori ka, edibene igama Isaac Newton. Waziwa ukuba i "nguyise" wokulungisa yamandulo, kodwa ke nzulu behlelo ingcamango yokuba imithetho physics bengekho zonke okufanayo kumanqwanqwa ezahlukeneyo reference. Kwangaxeshanye, Newton kuphando wakhe evela isibakala sokuba ixesha zonke izinto ezinzulu kuqhelekile, kunye nezinto musa ukutshintsha ubude, kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokuba ezibekwe. Yena kuqala kuqaliswa kwi revolution ka ingqikelelo isithuba ingundoqo kunye nexesha elipheleleyo zenzululwazi.

Ithiyori ka, mhlawumbi, wayengenakuba kwenzeke ukuba ukuba uphando iimpawu asendle magnetic, phakathi apho kwindawo ekhethekileyo kuhlala D. Maxwell kunye HA Lorentz. Kulapha kuqala ezichongiweyo ngoLwesithathu, iimpawu kunye temporal lweendawo eyahlukileyo kuleyo Obumbe isiseko ubucukubhede yamandulo Newtonian. Ngokukodwa, wawunika hypothesis ka Lorentz yindibanisela imizimba kuthelekiswa iEtere, oko kukuthi, ukuba isithuba ukuba yakha isiseko yentsimi electromagnetic.

Einstein wathetha ngamandla nxamnye naluphi na uhlobo yaba ingcamango lomoya ngentsomi. Ngokutsho kwakhe, akukho sindululo ingundoqo ayikho, kwaye bonke yesakhelo reference ayalingana omnye komnye. Ukusuka kwesi sikhundla kufuneka, kwelinye icala, imithetho yemvelo bazimele apho ezi nkqubo zimbini oqhagamshelwano phakathi kwezi nguqu kwenzeka, yaye kwelinye icala, - ukuba ukusoloko kuphela umlinganiselo ngayo edakasa beam vacuo ekukhanyeni. Ezi ziphumo ziye zanika nje ukubonisa umda imithetho Newton, kodwa ukusombulula zonke iingxaki ezinkulu ukuba benze umsebenzi wakhe electromagnetism H. Lorentz.

Kwixesha elizayo, theory kwezinto yenziwe nje kuphela ngokwemigaqo impefumlelwano iimpawu kunye temporal lwendawo, kodwa njengento ebalulekileyo ukufunda iimpawu mba ezifana ubunzima kunye namandla.

Le postulates ezisisiseko Albert Einstein waba nempembelelo enkulu nje kuphela physics kunye nezinye zenzululwazi zendalo, kodwa nakwezinye iinkalo ezininzi ulwazi. Ngoko ke, kwisiqingatha sokuqala kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini iye yaphinda yathandwa theory kakhulu ka kwiilwimi ezinxulumene amagama Edward Sapir kunye B. Whorf. Ngokuhambelana nale mbono, imbono umntu ehlabathini unempembelelo enkulu ukuba bume zolwimi kuyo ubomi.