Imithetho Environmental Commoner

Barry Commoner waba eziphila owaziwayo ngenxa iincwadi zayo lwenziwe ngokubanzi. Wakwazi ulwimi ethandwayo lwenzululwazi ukucacisa ukuba waseMelika ingozi sengqondo engaphucukanga malunga nokusingqongileyo. Famous imithetho Commoner - isiphetho kwezi ziphumo, umphandi owenza iminyaka emininzi umsebenzi yakhe njengomntu oqeqeshiweyo.

Biography Commoner

Isazinzulu Future Barry Commoner wazalwa ngo-1917 e-New York, unyana ka abasuka uBukhosi Russian. Wagqiba ukunikela ubomi bakhe kwinzululwazi. Lo mfana waya Harvard University, apho waphumelela ngowe-1941. Yingcali basha sobugqirha yakhe eziphilayo. Kwanaxa eyunivesithi waba nomdla ekufundeni ingxaki ka-ozone.

Uphando Isazinzulu idale isiseko ezininzi zeencwadi zakhe eyayinikelwe nendalo. Bona kuquka ishicilelwe kunye nemithetho Commoner, ebe okuluphawu ungumphandi. Ezinye iincwadi ziye zapapashwa nkqu nzulu eSoviet Union. Ngophanya nje lweliso, kubonakala kuyinqaba, kodwa Commoner olukhulu USSR unakho. Eneneni ukuba eziphila American ingabaginyi yobusoshiyali. Iindibaniso ideology nezokusingqongileyo nezifundo-iphiko ekhohlo yaba sisiseko iincwadi zakhe "ivale ndzhendzheleko" yaye "Technology yenzuzo." Baye imithetho kunye Commoner.

Capitalism esilimaza eziphilayo

Commoner wayekholelwa ukuba ubugcisa mveliso mihla kunye nemveliso kakhulu kwezimbiwa kukho isoyikiso lonke uluntu. Ungcoliseko Environmental akhulayo nangenxa ngumnqweno abaqeshi kunye norhulumente ndikhuphe yenzuzo. imithetho Environmental Commoner ugxeke inkqubo yobungxowankulu, apho indalo ukubandezeleka kakhulu.

Kwakhona, ukuba sisazinzulu wazama ukuba adlulisele kubafundi bakhe ingcamango yokuba umonakalo sele akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuyibuyisa. Xa abantu, akukho amathuba ukubuyisela eziphila elilahlekileyo. Ngoko ke imithetho Commoner ngokusekelwe koko kuyimfuneko ukukhusela kunokwenzeka kunokuba ukubopha amanxeba sele abangelwa luluntu.

imithombo yamandla Alternative

eziphila american kuphela wabonisa iintsilelo kwemveliso mihla. Isenza izisombululo kule meko. Commoner yaba mxhasi elikhutheleyo ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo efana. Eyokuqala Kakade kwelanga.

izimvo Commoner zazikho imi--70. Namhlanje uyakwazi wazibonela ukuphunyezwa ezininzi iiprojekthi zakhe. solar nephiko - konke oku kuye yimithombo eziqhelekileyo yamandla ngenxa amazwe atyebileyo. Ezi bugcisa azisetyenziswa kuphela kumashishini amakhulu, kodwa kumakhaya abemi abaqhelekileyo. market elanga kwi US naseYurophu ukhula ngesantya ngokukhawuleza.

nokusasazwa kobutyebi

imithetho Famous Commoner Ecology kwakhona ujonge ukuba iingxaki zezentlalo eziye zabangela ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Le kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini liye landa ngakumbi umsantsa phakathi kwamazwe kwezityebi namahlwempu. Kwezinye States, kukho inkqubela ngokukhawuleza kwezobuchwephesha kwezinye iinguqulelo ebomini ngokucothayo kakhulu.

Ezi nesenzeko koqoqosho lwase igama elithi "World Okwesithathu". Ngokusisiseko, oku Afrika. Kwelinye icala, e-Asia, kukho ingxaki enkulu kunye nobuninzi. imizi Giant eChina iinkokeli zehlabathi kukhupho nomsi kunye nezinye ukungcola e koMhlaba.

Imithetho Barry Commoner ezisekelwe kwiimbono yobusoshiyali. Izazinzulu Sicebisa ukuba babele ubutyebi behlabathi. Ngokwengcinga yakhe, imali engaphezulu imibutho abazizityebi kuye kwafuneka ukuba aye ukuphucula ubomi ezisezantsi ubomi. Oku kuya ukuphepha iingxaki ezinkulu zokusingqongileyo kule mimandla. Ngenxa zokwanda kuba imithombo umhlaba umlambo nzulu skudeyut, wabatshabalalisa uzinzo amakhonkco zendalo kunye nezidanga.

"Yonke into elidityaniswe kuyo yonke into"

Xa lilonke kukho 4 loMthetho Commoner. Eyokuqala kwezi kuthiwa "Yonke into elidityaniswe kuyo yonke into." Yintoni logic yakhe? Commoner ezincwadini zakhe ezama ukucacisa ukuba yonke into eyenzeka kwindalo, nto leyo kakhulu zihlobene. Ukuba umntu Ayize nakanye enye inxalenye okusingqongileyo, iye ngokwendalo phumla.

UMthetho Commoner "Yonke into elidityaniswe kuyo yonk 'ekwabizwa ngokuba ngumthetho eseleyo lwangaphakathi olutshintshayo. Le ithi mgaqo ukuba nkqu utshintsho ezincinane umntu ehlabathini ngeenxa zonke kuye, ekuhambeni kwexesha ibe lishwangusha.

Xiya xikombiso lexi. Inkampani abasingatha ekuthengisweni amaplanga, ngokubanzi Bagawula ihlathi. Njani oku kuchaphazela ezinye wendalo? Kunye nokuncipha kwenani imithi nayo nokuphungulwa kunye nesixa mpilo. Ngaphezu koko, kukho ezongezelelweyo ezikhutshwayo nitrogen oxide emoyeni, deplete umaleko ozone. Ekugqibeleni, ikhonkco yokugqibela kulo mxokelelwane yandiswa ultraviolet radiation yingozi zonke izinto eziphilayo.

Darwin kanye buckwheat

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imithetho ezisisiseko ngemvelo Commoner aliqulunqileyo kuzo ulwazi yemisebenzi langaphambili. Njengoko yaziwa, ISAZINZULU kwimfundo wabo waba eziphilayo. Uye wafunda theory zikaDarwin yaye wayeqhelene kakuhle ngobomi komanduleli lakhe elizukileyo.

Kwenye yeencwadi zakhe Commoner waxelela ngokwenene ukwazi kubomi ngunozala ingcamango yokuba izinto zazivelela. Ngenye imini, Darwin wajika amafama ucela ingcebiso ngendlela ukwandisa isivuno buckwheat. ISAZINZULU yathi ngokungalindelekanga. Uthe kubalimi ukuba iikati ngaphezulu. Darwin, njengokuba Commoner, wayesazi kakuhle ukuba interconnectedness yonke into eyenzeka kwindalo. Wayeqonda ukuba cat entsha utshabalalise voles, izibuko rhoqo lwesityalo buckwheat kumafama. Eli bali umzekeliso ngokugqibeleleyo nto ndifuna ukuyithetha uBarry Commoner. nemithetho yendalo, njengoko kuboniswa ngulo mzekelo, kwaba empirically.

"Yonke into ukuya kwenye"

Owesibini umthetho Commoner ngokutsha ngumkhuba echaphazela izinto kokusingqongileyo. Lo mgaqo, ziqulunqwe sisazinzulu American, ebizwa ngokuba "Yonke into ukuya kwenye." Xa imo yendalo yobume iziyobisi nganye kumjikelo yaso 'ubomi. " Yendalo esingqongileyo kuhlelwe kuphela ukuba ikamva shwaka.

karhulumente uBarry Commoner Laws ukuba yinkqubo yendalo. Kwaye oku kunzima tu. Noko ke, logama nje abantu bengena kwiilwimi zesiNtu, rhoqo kuvelisa izinto ezenziwe nzima kakhulu ukuphelisa ngaphandle nemiphumela kokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba DDT, polyethylene kunye nezibonelelo njalo njalo .. Xa uluhlu inye kunganxulunyaniswa acatshulwe elingaphakathi komhlaba. Ntsha kwakhona kwaye kusetyenziswa oovimba oli-bume uphawu negalelo. Imithetho B. Commoner yaye imfundiso yakhe yonke agxeke imveliso ezinjalo. Ioli, esikrwada kunye nezinye izinto ziya ziguqulwa zibe iikhompawundi ezintsha, ezingenako ndikuchithachithe kokusingqongileyo.

Ekulweni ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma

Umntu akanako akwavuma kushishino mihla. Ngelo xesha yenze kakhulu non lwenkunkuma-kwakhona akunakwenzeka. Ngoko ke, lo izazinzulu lubonisa ubuncinane ukunciphisa umonakalo ebangela imveliso wendalo.

imithetho yendalo uBarry Commoner uxele ukuba, okokuqala, ubuchwepheshe obutsha kufuneka babe resource-olunzulu kangako. Okwesibini, kufuneka ukuba ukwenza imveliso apho inkunkuma msebenzi yabantu iza kusetyenziswa izinto ekrwada. Ekugqibeleni, okwesithathu, ukuba ukukhutshwa iimveliso eziyingozi kuba kunqandwa, inkampani kunyanzelekile ukuba ubanike inkqubo yokulahla efanelekileyo kunye okurisayikilisha.

"Nature uyazi kakuhle"

Umthetho Commoner yesithathu Ke ukuntsonkotha ehlabathini. Nokuba umntu mihla, kwezobugcisa yayo yonke, ngeke wazi zonke ubudlelwane phakathi indalo. Le semvelo iqulethe izigidi zezidalwa ezahlukeneyo. Yahlulahlulwe yaba ezininzi kuThixo lwemimandla. Le enezityalo nezilwanyana zehlabathi ziye zaveza ezigidi zeminyaka. Ukuba umntu ayisayi kuphazamisana kwezi nkqubo, bade efuna ukuphucula imeko ngeenxa zonke kuye, yena enze kuphela umonakalo ongaphezulu.

imithetho Environmental Commoner abantu ukuba silumke. inguqu Active bendalo kungakhokelela ekubeni ihlabathi lethu ezingafanelekanga ubomi obuqhelekileyo. ungenelelo Human thaca amakhulu imizekelo amatyala kutsha nje. Umzekelo, ukudutyulwa kweengcuka kwezinye emahlathini kumntla kukhokelele kwinto yokuba le ndawo yendalo ithe ayaba "abongikazi" yaso yendalo. E China, izixa ezikhulu adubula oongqatyana. Abahlali babekholelwa ukuba imihlambi emikhulu ezi ntaka olimeleyo izityalo. Xa oongqatyana azisekho, ukuba indawo yi izinambuzane, apho kwakungekho mntu apho. Utshintsho kwi kwikhonkco eziphilayo kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho ilahleko enkulu kwisivuno engakumbi China.

"Akukho nto eza simahla"

Lo mthetho Commoner yokugqibela. Yena omnye ke, ukucaciswa, nto leyo ithi "ukuhlawulela yonke into." Lo mthetho ke kusekelwe kumgaqo ukuba isixokelelwano sendalo isoloko nesifo ngeendleko nokusingqongileyo. semvelo Uniform siqulathe ezininzi iindawo. Ukuba kubonakala into entsha, uya ngokuyimfuneko indawo into endala.

Kunjalo enokuthethwa impumelelo zobugcisa yoluntu. Ukuba udale into echaphazela ubume, oko kuya kukhokelela ekubeni ezinye iilahleko kokusingqongileyo. imithetho yendalo B. Commoner ezinxulumene nomgaqo lwesilinganiso enamandla lwangaphakathi, nto leyo esele abakhankanywe inkcazelo mthetho lokuqala.

Izazinzulu kuthelekiswa inguqu endalo kunye nokuhlawula ityala. Umntu kufuneka ukutshabalalisa into endala ukufumana entsha. Kulo mzekelo, oku kulibazisa intlawulo kunqandwa "ivotela iBhili le," kodwa kufuneka ukuba uhlawule nokuba kunini. Umthetho sesine ngumzekelo obalaseleyo. Kuyinto ezolimo. Nge imifuno yonyaka ekhula kwi ndawo enye umgangatho izondlo ezisemhlabeni (phosphorus, initrogen, potassium t. D.) lifinyele. ixesha ngasinye isityalo ayisasebenzi kwaye ngaphantsi. Ekugqibeleni, umntu kufuneka ahambe kule ndawo okanye ukuphatha ngayo nezichumiso.

Ecotechnologies

Commoner ecetywayo ukwenza uhlobo olutsha lwemveliso, nto leyo iza kusebenza ngokuvumelana nendalo. Oku njalo kuxokwa-eco-technologies. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba iiprojekthi ezinjalo kungenzeka kakhulu ukuphumeza ukuba ubuhlakani babo, kunye neenkqubo ibakho umhlaba onokuphila ungqamane, okanye uwagcine. uluntu kufuneka ke icace izimiso indalo ugcina imali yayo. Sele ngokusekelwe kule migaqo, uluntu luya kuba nako ukwenza imveliso indalo.

Umzekelo imeko ngezixhobo okurisayikilisha. Kwindalo, baye ukubola kuphela ngoncedo ezincinane. Kodwa inkunkuma ethile yabantu azakulimaza kuphela kokusingqongileyo. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho Commoner, uluntu kufuneka zilahlwe umhlaba onokuphila kuphela ukuba uza kuba nako ukufunxa. Okunye kuyimfuneko ukuba artificially recycle ngokusebenzisa ubugcisa bale mihla. Kuyinto umbuzo ngokokusebenza lokusingqongileyo.