Futurism - ntoni na? ifomu Art kunye nentshukumo ukuzaliswa nemibono

Isiphelo elinethoba kunye kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini - irhubhululo esebenzayo yeefomu ezintsha zobugcisa, ukhululekile kuwo ipateni-transfer yokwenene eneenkcukacha. Le wophendlo zibila olululo ezingqondweni abameli ezininzi ulutsha yaseYurophu kwakhokelela ukuvela imisinga ezintsha zobugcisa kunye nezentlalo. Wahlakulela intsomi Wena ubotshiwe ukuba babuye (kwaye uqiniseke ukuba kukuguqula) ihlabathi. Omnye imiqondiso yokuqala waba futurism. Yintoni Futurism? Ngokoqobo futurum - «elizayo".

Owasungula le intshukumo ingqalelo le Milanese imbongi F. Marinetti, abameli aqaqambe yokudweba - nakwimiVo Boccioni, Balla D., D. Severini. Imbali futurism iqala ngo-elinethoba ngomnyaka wesithoba: Marinetti epapashwe kwiphephancwadi French "Le Figaro" kupapasho-yokuqala, apho wathi ndiwulahle bonke ubudala amaxabiso zenkcubeko ukuya ekumgqomo yembali kwaye zisekelwe phezu phambili lwakamvanje lobuchwepheshe ukwenza uhlobo indoda elizayo. Amagcisa kungekudala nayo yapapashwa Umbhalo zabo. nkqubo Kamva baba baninzi, yaye ibizwa ngokuba bonke ukuba bayeke ngaphambili egameni inkqubela.

Ngelishwa, futurism wawungapheleliselwanga ubugcisa: yena yayinepolitiki kakuhle, kunye ndikho ezahlukeneyo radicalism. Oku kwakhokelela ukuba ukuwa yembono: amanye amalungu mbutho azilise- kwiqela kunye nabanye kunyaka weshumi elinesibhozo kwakhiwa iqela labo lezopolitiko, leyo kungekudala wema phantsi kwebhanile lwe uMussolini.

Futurism kwimizobo - umgca eyaphukileyo, ukuchasana ezibukhali umbala wavakalisa ukungalingani ichaza ezingaphelelanga, ubukho iintshukumisa zasezidolophini kunye nobugcisa. Ukuba ababengaphambi Vanguard of the Impressionists, phambili bemi ukufuna ukuba ifom entsha, ifomu ngoku zize ngasemva, ukuze ukwala naziphi izimiso, kubalulekile kuphela sengqondo wegcisa. Ndingathi ukuba wayebalasele kuphela Futurism, ukuba isimo sengqondo esinjalo endalweni obabuthandwa nezinye iintshukumo avant-garde: cubism, abstract, expressionism, kwemiYalezo, Dadaism. ngefilosofi avant-garde ijolise individualization ubuchule, ngomhla umahluko phakathi kwalo nje, kuquka inkcubeko ethandwayo. Ngelo xesha agcwalise kwemisinga ezizinzululwazi kwi ezahlukeneyo ukuba Futurism, enyanisweni, kunomtsalane ugonyamelo, expressionism (. Antifascist UPablo uPicasso kunye nabanye), phezu koko, ukutyhutyha ngemigca eqwengiweyo kwaye eyaphukileyo yokulwisana ngogonyamelo obujikeleze ihlabathi.

ERashiya, olu hlobo loncwadi kakuhle ubanjwe entsimini iincwadi, liyifumene iintliziyo ezininzi iimbongi ye-Silver Age, iye unokuvelisa indlela zale yesihobe, kwasala iitekisi kunye nendibaniselwano zeesimboli, ngokufuthi alelwe nawaphi na intsingiselo. Intsika ezingundoqo Futurism Russian uthathwa Khlebnikov. neenjongo ezifanelekileyo kufuneka Pasternak, Hope, nkqu iitekisi kamva Esenina langoku futurism. Yintoni, umzekelo, isitshixo i "umntu omnyama"? Style Ngokucacileyo akukho Classic.

Enye Futurists kakuhle waba Mayakovsky. "Ifu e bhulukhwe" - wobugcisa ka uhlobo, kokubini ifomu kunye nomoya, kunye nesimbo sakhe mbongi zinqunqwe wahlala ethembekile isiphelo sobomi.

Futurists ngolangazelelo bayamkela Oktobha Revolution. Kodwa imvakalelo kwakungekho efanayo, njengoko intloko intshukumo yesigaba kwakukho abantu umthwalo omkhulu yenkcubeko. Ngokukodwa, Lenin, kwintetho yakhe amalungu Komsomol kwi-Congress lweSithathu wagxininisa ukubaluleka enkulu yelifa enkcubeko kukhankanywe malunga futurism, yintoni na ukuqonda akazange.

Futurism njengento intshukumo art yathatha nje ezimbalwa eminyaka. Kodwa wahlala umoya wakhe. Kwavela ngamahlanu phantsi kwempembelelo yenzululwazi kunye ethandwayo oku namhla bokwakha kunye noyilo style ophezulu zobugcisa ngokwesiseko lo futurism efanayo, kuphela kwisigaba esitsha. Yena iyasuswa enamabhongo lwezopolitiko radicalism ngokubanzi, kodwa ilifa necandelo ezintle Futurism: jonga kwixesha elizayo kunye nokholo inkqubela, kulo uloyiso ngokupheleleyo isizathu phezu conservatism.