Izifo amazambane kunye kolawulo lwabo. Iitapile: izinambuzane nezifo

Amazambane ikhula kakuhle phantse na imozulu. Uyawanyamezela umhlaba asidi, kodwa isivuno ngcono kakhulu emva ikalika. A isixa esikhulu ukunyakama, kwaye ukukhanya, enyanisweni, iimeko kuphela Potato ekhulayo. Nangona phantsi kweemeko efanelekileyo, inkcubeko usengozini wokosuleleka nomngundo, iintsholongwane neebhaktiriya. Apha sijonga iingxaki ezininzi ezingundoqo kunye nezisombululo jikelele eziya kunceda ukumelana nje kuphela imizekelo thaca, kodwa ukunqanda nezinye izifo ezininzi ezifanayo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imveliso amazambane ntlobo ukumelana nangembabala kade, nematode, okanye kukujaduka, izifo kunye nezitshabalalisi basaqhubekeka ukutshabalalisa izityalo. Kodwa yonke utshaba kukho isixhobo sakhe.

Izifo amazambane kunye kolawulo lwabo

Inani elikhulu yeentshaba ezahlukeneyo amazambane kunciphisa kakhulu kwinqanaba lokuvuna. Ezi ziquka fungi kuphela nezinambuzane, kodwa amagciwane babuchaphazela amatswele kunye amathupha, ukuthintela ukukhula eqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuba bahlawule imali eninzi amanyathelo othintelo phambi kokutyala nasebudeni olukhulayo, ukuba ugcine iitapile zakho. Izifo nezinambuzane zibangela umonakalo omkhulu, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba ukutyala imali ukuzikhulula amava aphazamiseke kwesiqingatha isityalo.

Ukusetyenziswa ityhefa neekhemikhali kunciphisa umgangatho ngezondlo neetapile, oko kunokuba yingozi kwaye yingozi hayi kuphela izinambuzane eziluncedo, kwizilwanyana, neentaka, kodwa abantu. Izifo amazambane kunye kolawulo lwabo kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo phambi kokutyala. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha zonke iintlobo zazo kulo mbandela. Ukuze nokwenziwa epheleleyo ngakumbi ulwazi kweli nqaku kukho ifoto izifo neetapile kunye izitshabalalisi leyo olwaye lwamfimfitha kwi amatswele.

wireworms

Wireworms - a imibungu beetle, wireworms. Kuyinto encinane izinambuzane engwevu 12-15 mm. Igama wafumana ngokuba wenza isandi unqakraza, wafulathela ngamathupha azo. Enye izala amaqanda phakathi kwe-50 ne-200 entwasahlobo, yaye apho livela wireworms zloschastnyj ukukhanya. Mibungu unako ukutshabalalisa yonke isityalo, ngoko kuqala kwiinto zonke kuyimfuneko ukukhusela kwi bugs ngokwabo.

Ukulwa wireworm

Kukho iindlela ezintathu ziluncedo ekulweni nale sisidleleli:

1. namazambane nyulu kwenziwa stick bamngcwabela yomhlaba nama-7 cm. Kubhetele ukuba ndenze ezi iitapile ukuba indawo enkulu. Imibungu zabonwa nqakraza ndawonye phezu kwayo, kunye neentsuku ezine emva koko kuya sele simba ngayo. Yichitheni le izinambuzane iya kusetyenziswa amanzi abilayo okanye umlilo.
2. Xa iitapile ukulima emhlabeni ugalele ioli kajongilanga kunye iqokobhe womsizi lamaqanda. Loo isisombululo uya kubabulala wireworms ngaphambi kokuba ukuya iitapile. Le ndlela iza kwenza ibhate nje kuphela wireworm, abaninzi ezinye izinambuzane yokomba bafela isisombululo esinjalo, umz, iqakamba nolovane.
3. Kwiiveki ezimbini phambi kokutyala dig kwi iinkozo ingqolowa emhlabeni - malunga 2-3 iindlwane square metre nganye. Wireworms itsala nje iitapile kuphela, kwindawo eyonwabileyo ndibuthe ngeenxa zonke iinkozo. Xa umbona uhlume, uyakwazi Embe, rob kwindawo uzitshise okanye kugalela amanzi abilayo.

yonakalise Lokugcina

nangembabala kade (Phytophthora) - ayikho nje unobangela ilahleko lwesityalo tomato, kodwa ke zifo zixhaphakileyo amazambane, nokulawulwa kwazo kubalulekile ukuba onke amafama, kungajongwanga zesityalo. Potato nangembabala emva yonakalisa, ekubeni iiveki ezimbini unokosulela yonke intsimi. Iilahleko 70% yesityalo. nangembabala ezifike isasazeka ngokuthi imingxunya, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza komhlaba nesifo amatswele.

Ngemihla okuqala yimbonakalo ngembabala emva kwexesha ivela kwi mnyama amagqabi. Kwakhona kwicala emazantsi eli phepha kubonakala ukutyabeka emhlophe. Oku zokuntshulisa Imbewu ye ngulo mngundo. Baya kuwa phantsi, nokosulela a iingcambu neetapile kunye neziqhamo. Emva kwethutyana kwi amatswele kuvela akhanya.

Ukulwa yonakalise emva kwexesha

mkhuhlane Eyingozi kufuna amanyathelo ezintsonkothileyo enkulu. Ngoko ke, kufuneka:

• Sebenzisa amazambane ntlobo ukumelana yonakalise emva kwexesha.
• Ezikhethiweyo amatswele usempilweni lokulima.
• Handle amatswele arhente fungicidal.
• Xa kuqala SPUD kuyimfuneko.
• Ukwandisa ithamo phosphorus-potassium isichumiso.
• Faka izichumisi eziqulathe nobhedu, okanye ukutshiza kunye nesisombululo sulfate yobhedu.
• Susa iincopho phambi kokuvuna.

nematode

"Nematode" sifo akuyona igciwane kwaye iintsholongwane kunye mpethu kakhulu, sisidleleli kwi namazambane. Khangela ukufumaneka izinambuzane ngokulula, ukuba imithana ibune, namagqabi ayo amancinci imibala mgaqweni okanye libunile, nematode na. Namatyholwana iingcambu ababuthathaka amancinci. NgoJulayi, ezi iingcambu ziya kuba iibhola ezincinane (ingxenye millimitha) kunye spikes amancinane. Le nematode iimazi, ukuba bathe bema ukuphuhlisa, uya kujika abe cysts, ezigcinwa emhlabeni kangangeminyaka eli-15. Le cyst simalunga amaqanda worm 600.

ukulawula nematodes

Emva kokuba imbonakalo nematodes kufuneka ukuba silinde iminyaka ezi-6 phambi kokuba ngokuhlwayela site kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, zikhona nezinye iindlela.

Iitapile yokuqala okanye ingazinzi iibhokisi nematode grade zipakishwe umaleko omnye bechaphazela kunye kwiimvuthuluka kunye umgquba watyala iintsuku ezingama-20. Emva kweentsuku ezingama-50, isivuno iyaqokelelwa, yaye lo mmandla ngokupheleleyo icocwe ezincotsheni. Isiza ngokwayo kuhlwayelwe neembotyi okanye ingqolowa. Oku kuya coca kumhlaba ntshulube kangangama-70%.

Ukuba isiza uhlwayela rye, oku kwakhona ziyakwehlisa ngokubonakalayo yabemi sisidleleli.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba nematode iitapile utsala ngaphezu kwezinye izityalo.

uqweqwe

Yeyona ixhaphakileyo emva kwakho imbabala kade lwesifo itapile - injaduko. Oku kuguga umgangatho, zingathengiswa tuber starch kwaye zehlisa kuzo phantse-30%. Isivuno yehliswe phantse ngesiqingatha. Ngexesha yokugcina amatswele kungenwa kalula ukubola.

Iarhente causative ziditshwe apile yi ngundo - ngulo mngundo unyulu. Amazambane utyhutyha nge lenticels kunye umonakalo, ukwakha phezu izilonda, leyo hlanganisa kunye nente ijwabu nangapha. Tuber kubonakala coating emhlophe - mycelium obuma- ngulo mngundo. Xa owomileyo, nyamalala, kwaye inyama phantse ingatshintshanga.

Kukho iindidi ezintlanu izilonda:

• Flat. Ichaphazela isikhumba amatswele abatsha ukusuka apho Amakhasi lukhuni.
• Nylon. Lufikelela kuyo iintlobo vee amatswele umnatha.
• Khaxa. Kuyabonakala ngohlobo misinga, ezibe kamva wambu ngamathumba.
• Deep. izilonda anzulu iimilo ezahlukeneyo ingqongwe breaks amaxolo. Oqaphelekayo xa isivuno iitapile.
• Khaxa-nzulu. Ukudibana iintlobo ezimbini umonakalo. Amahlathi kunye nezilonda nzulu kunye iinyembezi esikhumbeni.

amagciwane kukujaduka zigcinwa kwi emhlabeni iminyaka eliqela. Bathe akule zimeko ezimbi zezulu bazondelele noba imbalela kunye kubushushu -30 ° C. imozulu eshushu neyomileyo ngexesha lokudubula ikhuthaza usulelo kuphela.

Umthombo losulelo uhlale emhlabeni. Amatswele omnye unokosulela omnye akakwazi, ukuze igcinwe kwaye kunye.

uqweqwe ukulwa

Uqweqwe nzima ukubona ngqo, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukulondoloza iitapile bosulelekile. Izifo nezinambuzane ezinye iintlobo nkqu "walumkisa 'ngenkangeleko yabo, kodwa konke okusemandleni ukujongana kwangaphambili ngoncedo kwezi nkqubo zilandelayo:

• crop rotation.
• Ukulima indawo izityalo umgquba oluhlaza.
• Ukusetyenziswa iziqhamo esempilweni uqhekeko.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwezichumiso acid.
• ulungiselele ngenyameko.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwiintlobo enganyangekiyo.
• ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo ngexesha lonyaka ikhula.

Alternaria

Siqhenqethile isibetho kuyo yonke indawo, apho bazibonise iitapile. Isifo kunye nonyango izityalo Solanaceae nangoku wafunda ngakumbi kwimimandla ekumzantsi, njengoko kumazantsi nemiqathango efanelekileyo ukulungiselela ukukhula kunye nokwanda nomngundo, leyo batshintshelwa Alternaria.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha esi sifo ubonakala ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Usulelo luqala emva kwemvula okanye umbethe enzima. Imbewu bawe phakathi neentanda, umonakalo okanye misinga yendalo. Acid iqala ukuba ahlukane apho stem rot ufe. Kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi uphuhliso kancinane, kodwa xa kushushu isifo esiyingozi echaphazela isityalo. Bafukanywe ithatha eliya kuma kwiveki.

Iimpawu zokuqala ebonakalayo izityalo ezincinane ukuya kwi-20 cm. Kamva amagqabi kuvela amabala amnyama omdaka. Phantsi kweemeko ezilungileyo uphuhliso kunokubonwa ngomhla wesithathu. Kungekudala emva koko, kukho conidia nomsi-hina. ezonakeleyo kufakwe ezinye izityalo zibuthathaka kunye ethambileyo.

Amatswele kubonakala amabala amnyama elikroliweyo ezibolayo, ngamanye amaxesha imibimbi. Ekugqibeleni, lo amatswele iqala ukubola zasyhaya ngokupheleleyo blackening.

Ukulwa Alternaria

In kwimimandla ekumzantsi izifo neetapile kunye nolawulo zabo kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Kukho iindlela ezintathu ukukhusela isityalo:

1. Namahlathi. Sebenzisa izinto kuphela lokutyala esempilweni, ukumelana nezifo, ukulinywa kwezityalo, uyigcine, musa ukulibala ukuba iintlobo zokuqala neetapile sifo kusuleleko. Seed kuyimfuneko ukuba ukufudumeza iiveki ezimbini zokuqala kwiqondo lobushushu ukuya ku-20 ° C. Ngexesha USB, qiniseka ukuba akubanga amatswele ayosuleleki. Alternaria yosulela ukusuka iziqhamo omnye komnye. Susa iincopho ngendlela ngexesha, kungcono ukuba tirhisa desiccation usebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo.
2. Biology. Ufutha amatswele phambi kokutyala iziyobisi "Integral", "Bactofit" okanye "Planriz".
3. Chemical. Amalungiselelo "Thina Ridomil Gold", "EDC" yaye "Bayede" uya usizi lwenu kuzo zonke fungi ezikhoyo, sibabandeza kukho imeko-bume. Unga kwakhona ukutshiza iitapile kunye nesisombululo fungicide "Mxim" ngaphambi kokufika.

Izifo amazambane kunye nolawulo lwazo, kunye nezinye izinambuzane, kusoloko kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Ukuvuna ixhomekeke kwindlela esiphendula kakuhle kuyahlangatyezwana nazo zonke iimfuno. Eli nqaku kwimiboniso engento kunye nezifo photo neetapile, ngokuba utshaba kufuneka wazi umntu.