Izimbiwa iiseli kunye nentsingiselo yawo. Indima izinto izimbiwa kwiseli

Iseli - ayikho nje iyunithi noshowo zonke izinto eziphilileyo, ibe uhlobo yokwakha ibhloko lobomi, kodwa umzi-mveliso omncinci kwemichiza, apho zonke ukuhlukana okwesibini, kukho utshintshwano ezahlukahlukeneyo abasabela ngayo. Ngoko ukumiselwa elidinga ubomi kunye nokukhula kumzimba amacandelo kwesakhiwo: izimbiwa, iiseli, amanzi, kunye organic. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi oko kwakuza kwenzeka ntoni xa abanye kubo baya kwanela. Yiyiphi indima ntoni khompawundi ezahlukeneyo ebomini aba, ayibonakali ngeliso lenyama, amasuntswana amancinane noshowo zezinto eziphilayo? Siza kuzama ukulungisa lo mba.

izinto cell Classification

Zonke ezi zihlanganisi enza ubunzima iiseli eyenza iinxalenye zayo zokusebenza kwaye zinoxanduva uphuhliso, isondlo, ukuphefumla, iplastiki kunye yayo amandla ukutya, uphuhliso yesiqhelo zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amakhulu amathathu. Yinto iindidi ezifana:

• eziphilayo;
• iiseli inorganics (iityuwa kwezimbiwa);
• amanzi.

Ngokufuthi, le yokugqibela libhekisela iqela yesibini amacandelo ezingaphiliyo. Ukongeza kwezi ndidi, kuyenzeka ukubona abo zenziwe zombini. Oku iintsimbi ezakha molecule iikhompawundi eziphilayo (umz, Isibomvisi equka ion ferric, na ziiprotein kwindalo).

minerals iiseli

Ngokukodwa iikhompawundi kwezimbiwa okanye ezingaphiliyo, yafakwa nganye emzimbeni ophilileyo, bengengabo kuyafana kwaye yimvelo kunye nomxholo oluninzi. Ngoko ke, baye ukuhlelwa zabo.

Zonke khompawundi ezingaphiliyo zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amathathu.

1. Macronutrients. Abo imixholo apho ngaphakathi esiseleni phezu 0,02% ngokobunzima izinto ezingaphiliyo. Imizekelo carbon, ioksijini, hydrogen, initrogen, nemagnesium, calcium, potassium, chlorine, isalfure, iphosphate kunye sodium.
2. Treyisa iziqalelo - ngaphantsi kwe 0,02%. Ezi zezi: zinc, ikopolo, chromium, selenium, ayibe, manganese, fluorine, nickel, vanadium, iodine, germanium.
3. Ultramicroelements - ikhontenti ngaphantsi kwe 0.0000001%. Imizekelo: igolide, atom, platinum, isilivere, mercury kunye nabanye.

Unako ukwahlula izinto eziliqela ezithile ukuba organogenic, ngamanye bakha isiseko-oganikhi khompawundi owakha umzimba abahlala kuzo. Ezi izinto ezifana:

• hydrogen;
• nitrogen;
• carbon;
• oksijini.

Baya kwakha iimolekyuli protein (iziseko yobomi), iikhabhohayidrethi, lipids, kunye nezinye izinto. Noko ke, ngokuba eqhelekileyo yokusebenza umzimba uxanduva ngokunjalo, kunye neeminerali. Chemical ukubunjwa kweeseli amashumi iziqalelo lwezakhi, ezo ngundoqo ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo. Kuphela malunga ne-12 zonke athom akukho indima kwaphela okanye incinane kakhulu, kwaye ke asicinywanga efunda.

Ingakumbi ebalulekile iityuwa ethile, ekufuneka tapeworm ngokutya ngosuku ngalunye engumthamo ezaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba ukuphuhlisa izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kuba zezityalo, umzekelo, sodium nitrate, potassium Nitrate. Ukuze abantu kunye nezilwanyana a netyuwa calcium, sodium ityuwa njengomthombo sodium kunye chloride, njl ..

amanzi

Minerals cell idibene namanzi kwiqela lilonke ngezinto ezingaphiliyo, ngoko ukuze bathi ixabiso layo akunakwenzeka. Yiyiphi indima onayo kumzimba eziphilayo? Huge. Ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, senza wathelekisa iseli kunye mveliso ezinto eziphilayo. Ngoko ke, zonke utshintshwano ukuthatha indawo zonke izinto yesibini oluqhutywa an zolwelo medium. Yena - medium jikelele ukudibana nazinkinga nemichiza, iinkqubo kuyondelelaniswe kunye ukubola.

Ukongezelela koko, amanzi Asikokungena ngaphakathi eliphakathi:

• kukho icytoplasm;
• iseli Lamanzi izityalo;
• igazi lezilwanyana kunye nabantu;
• umchamo;
• Amathe nezinye iziselo eziphilayo.

Emzimbeni kuthetha ukuba zonke izinto ngaphandle kokukhetha. Water - indawo ubomi ngenxa iintlobo ezininzi enezityalo nezilwanyana. Ngoko ke zazi ukubaluleka kwale izinto ezingaphiliyo kunzima, ibe yinyaniso unamandla amakhulu.

Macronutrients kunye nentsingiselo yazo

Izimbiwa iiseli for ukusebenza yayo yesiqhelo kubalulekile. Ingakumbi oku kusebenza macrocells nje. Indima ngamnye bephela kufundwe iinkcukacha elide lusekiwe. Ziziphi atom benza iqela macronutrients, siye ezidweliswe ngasentla, ngoko ke akuyi kuphinda. Ngokufutshane ukuchaza ukuba indima ezona ziphambili.

1. Calcium. Iityuwa kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukunikezelwa kulo umzimba Ca ²⁺ ion. Sami ion baxakeke kule nkqubo kwaye ayeke igazi ekunqandeni, ukunika exocytosis ziiseli kwakunye imisipha, kuquka intliziyo. ityuwa enganyibilikiyo - isiseko namathambo omeleleyo namazinyo kwezilwanyana nabantu.
2. Potassium kesodiyam. Hlala karhulumente inwebu olunokubakho iiseli benza Impompo sodium-potassium kwentliziyo.
3. Chlorine - ebandakanyekileyo kulungiselelo iiseli zombane.
4. Phosphorus, isalfure, nitrogen - amacandelo ze-oganikhi khompawundi ezininzi, ngokunjalo ukuthatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi izihlunu, ubume emathanjeni.

Kakade ke, xa siqwalasela umba ngamnye ngokweenkcukacha, uyakwazi uxelele okuninzi malunga intabalala yalo emzimbeni kunye nokungabikho. Ngapha koko, zombini yingozi kwaye ikhokelela izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Izakha

Indima kwezimbiwa esiseleni, ziphantsi iqela izinto umkhondo, yinto enkulu. Ngaphandle kokuba umxholo yabo encinane kakhulu ehokweni, ngaphandle kwazo bekuya kuba nako ukusebenza ixesha elide. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo zonke atom zingasentla kolu didi, ezifana:

• iodine;
• zinc;
• copper;
• selenium;
• fluoro;
• ayibe.

inqanaba iodine Eqhelekileyo efunelwa ukugcina ukusebenza kunye ihomoni. Fluoride kuyimfuneko ukuba umzimba ukomeleza izinyo lwawo kunye nezityalo - ukulondoloza bungqingqwa nokuphangalala Umbala we amagqabi.

Izinki nobhedu - kunethuba, inxalenye enqanda ezininzi kunye neevithamini. Bona abadlali ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ze kuyondelelaniswe nokutshintshiselana zeplastiki.

Selenium - nokuthatha inxaxheba ekumiseleni kwiinkqubo eziyimfuneko kwinkqubo yonyango i element. Ayibe nenye igama - vitamin _B-12, yaye zonke ezi zinto beli qela zibaluleke kakhulu kuba amajoni omzimba.

Ngoko ke, izinto izimbiwa isebenze kwisisele, ezo kwakheka Micro kungekho ngaphantsi kwe abo asebenza lwestraksha. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukuba awadubadube zombini ngokwaneleyo.

ultramicroelements

Izimbiwa, iiseli, leyo kwakheka ultramicroelements, musa ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo efana ngasentla. Noko ke, ixesha elide ukungabikho kubo kungakhokelela neziphumo zempilo zingambi kakhulu, kwaye maxa wambi yingozi kakhulu.

Umzekelo, selenium kwaye ujonge kweli qela ngokunjalo. Ukunqongophala kwakhe ixesha elide kuphakamisa Uphuhliso yamathumba ngumhlaza. Ngoko ke, loo nto ithathwa ufunwayo. Kodwa igolide nesilivere - kukho iintsimbi leyo nesiphumo esibi iintsholongwane, wazibulala. Ngoko ukudlala indima bactericidal ngaphakathi kwi seli.

Lilonke ke, kufuneka kuthiwe ultramicroelements umsebenzi sele ayizange ityhilwe ngokupheleleyo zizazinzulu, kunye nokubaluleka kwazo akukacaci.

Isinyithi kunye nezinto eziphilayo

izinyithi abaninzi ziyinxalenye iimolekyuli. Umzekelo, nemagnesium - yiklorofili coenzyme efunekayo ukuze izityalo photosynthesis. Iron - inxalenye kwemolekyuli haemoglobin, ngaphandle apho akunakwenzeka ukuphumeza umpefumlo. Nobhedu, nezinki, yemanganizi nabanye - ezinye molekyuli enqanda, iivithamini kunye iihomoni.

Kucacile ukuba zonke ezi uxhulumaniso ezibalulekileyo umzimba. Bathwale yonke indlela eya izimbiwa ayikwazi, kunjalo, kodwa ukuba akakhethi buso.

Izimbiwa iiseli kunye nentsingiselo yazo: Grade 5, itafile

Ukushwankathela oko baye baxelelwa phezu nqaku, i itafile ngokubanzi, apho kubonakala yintoni na iikhompawundi nezimbiwa, yaye kutheni zifuneka. Ingasetyenziswa le nkcazelo kwesi sifundo abafundi, umzekelo, kwimfundo kwibakala wesihlanu.

Ngenxa yoko, iiseli izimbiwa kunye nokubaluleka kwazo ziya internalized yi abafundi bazi amanyathelo asisiseko woqeqesho.

Imiphumo yokunqongophala iikhompawundi kwezimbiwa

Xa sithetha ngento indima kwezimbiwa kwi iseli kubalulekile, kufuneka unike imizekelo ukungqina oku.

Nazi ezinye izifo ziphuhliswa kunye ukuswela okanye ezingaphezu nayiphi na khompawundi ezikhankanywe kweli nqaku.

1. Kwegazi.
2. Ischemia, ukusilela intliziyo.
3. Goiter kunye nezinye izifo lengqula (isifo Basedow ngayo, njalo njalo).
4. Anemia.
5. ukukhula ezingahambi kunye nophuhliso.
6. ngamathumba ngumhlaza.
7. Fluorosis kunye yidityaniso.
8. izifo igazi.
9. disorder kwimisipha luvo.
10. Ukuqunjelwa.

Kakade ke, oku asikokuphela kwayo. Ngoko ke, makwenziwe ngenyameko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukutya lwamihla oluchanekileyo noluzinzileyo.