Izinto zokudlala Khokhloma kunye nempahla - isiko uye waba modernity

Khokhloma mfanekiso Dymkovo toy, Vologda ntambo, neengubo zokwaleka ezikrelekrele Pavlovo kunye nezinye ngezandla zibonisa umoya kunye nezithethe zabantu bethu. Namhlanje, inzalo kule fomu art ukhula ezindidlayo azipheli. Khokhloma zokudlala, izinto zokubhala waziqaba nefanitshala nje amaqhosha olondolozo lwembali kuphela, kodwa yinxalenye yobomi bethu. Phezu kwabo kuya kuxoxwa namhlanje.

abalandeli ngabapeyinti

Akwaziwa njengoko Khokhloma nokupeyinta. Ngokutsho concepts mihla, ukuloba uhamba emva kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-300. Wavela iVolga, ngoku ke intsimi indawo Koverninskii kummandla Gorky. izinto zokudlala Khokhloma kunye nempahla zasekhitshini iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo ezizodwa umbala ongasemva okanye ipateni ubusi-segolide. Nguye owenza utyikityo ekhethekileyo. Kukholelwa ukuba ubuchwepheshe ku tswala umbala eso sathathwa evela kweenkosi Amakholwa Old. Bakwazi ukunika ii icon a Ndileka segolide ngaphandle kokusebenzisa metal anqabileyo.

ubuchwepheshe

Akukho umcimbi esigquma kumzobo Khokhloma: izinto zokudlala, impahla okanye ifanitshala - imibala mgaqo efanayo. Le workpiece ngomthi igqunywe ngomhlaba kunye ivanishi, uze bawuqhole kunye nomgubo aluminiyam. Noko ke, ngaphambili, ukuba izakusetyenziswa endaweni inkcenkce, ubuchwepheshe bale mihla ukuvumela ukuvelisa aluminiyam amanani amakhulu, yaye loo nto ngoku isetyenziswa kwinkqubo ekudaleni izinto Khokhloma. imveliso camera pende metal. Emva kokuba kwakhona isale ivanishi kwakunye ngeengcamba ezimbini ivanishi, kwaye ngoko ke workpiece uqhutyelwe eziko. Ukusuka apho, zaveza izinto ngegolide kakade. Iqondo eliphezulu ukutyabeka ezizodwa litshintsha iimveliso umbala, kwaye umaleko otyhidiweyo inika Ndileka olwahlukileyo.

Beautiful and strong

Umbala uphawu Khokhloma, wafumana enkosi ukwakhiwa ekhethekileyo, umlinganiselo nesigqubuthelo. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso kwiimveliso abanjalo kuphela ubuhle babo. Ivanishi ekhusela ukupeyinta, emthini ngokukhethekileyo. Yena wayengoyiki nasiphi na obushushu aphezulu okanye inyathelo ngoomatshini. Khokhloma zokudlala nga ngokukhuselekileyo anike abantwana. Nokuba abantwana isigqibo ngentlawulelo kwabo emanzini umkhenkce, kunye eveze akukho nto yenzekayo. Same uya kuba zokubhala: nezitya, iipleyiti, imiphanda nemicephe abagubungela Khokhloma, ningoyiki amanzi eshushu okanye ebandayo.

Imbali yezinto zokudlala Khokhlomskaya

Kakade ke, okokuqala zonke zayisithelisa Khokhloma tableware kunye nekhaya nempahla. Ngenkulungwane XVII, nini, njengoko kukholelwa kwakukho olu hlobo yokudweba, nebhekile umgubo into eninzi, kwaye ke ngoko imveliso wayengekho bonke ukuzihlawula. Ngokuthe ngcembe, kunjalo, kwabonakala Khokhloma yokudlala. Imizobo usebenzisa izinto zemveli baqalisa ukuhombisa amanani amancinci izilwanyana nabantu.

Amaninzi, izinto zokudlala ezenziwe ngokhuni. izinto eziphilayo workability elungileyo kunye neendleko ayibizi kakhulu. Kuba ukwenziwa kwalo master yemveliso zokudlala-isetyenziswe ezinde, Aspen, pine kunye Linden. Ukususela endle azifani ngokuxhomekeke ukuxhaphaka omnye okanye olunye uhlobo ngokhuni endle seengcibi ozikhethayo. Of izixhobo ezivelisa izinto zokudlala kusetyenziswa izembe kunye isitshetshe, maxa wambi bit.

Semyonovskaya hohloma

Kakade ke, ukuthetha izinto esizwe liya kuba njengezingaphelelanga ukuba anithanga bakhumbule Matryoshka. Kuba baninzi, kodwa ekuhambeni ubhaqo engalindelekanga imbali ukwenzeka kwayo. Matryoshka weza eRashiya ngenkulungwane XIX kade ... waseJapan. Kwase yayi usolusapho Indian Djarma owathi, ngokunika, wachitha ngokuzila nokucamngca iminyaka elithoba elide, kunye result kokuwa kwakhe waza izandla zakhe neenyawo. Resistance nomfundisi ehlonelwayo eJapan, apho bekusakuqutyudwa khona kuThixo, wambiza Daruma. eqingqiweyo ezininzi ezotywe ngaphandle iingalo kunye nemilenze. Ngokuthe ngcembe kwabakho isiko i mini-Umfanekiso ukubeka kwenye - njalo kwi de "maleko" ezisixhenxe.

Zezikhumbuzo ebizwa Fukurumu kwaye njengoko waba eRashiya. Ukubona kuye, igcisa Sergei Malyutin waphefumlelwa ukuba ukudala yokudlala entsha. Endaweni yoko, le ndoda endala ngaphandle iingalo nemilenze, echaza ubuhle ebomvu-ababemi kwindawo isikhafu. Kwaye kwakukho matryoshka. Ngokuthe ngcembe, isithethe ukwenza into yokudlala enjalo ukufikelela isixeko bake baza bahlala apho. Masters benza apha kwaye zipeyintwe oonodoli namhlanje. Kudla zokuhombisa zokudlala wasebenzisa ekuthiwa-Semyonovskaya Khokhloma. Ukususela neentyantyambo zaso uphawu zemveli ezinkulu, iqaqambileyo, imibala eyahlukileyo kancinane.

Khokhloma namhlanje

yezandla Folk nezithethe namhlanje anomdla kuphela mbali. Bafuna ezinye iinkosi ukusuka needlewomen elula nasezimfanelekweni nabayili dumeke. Ngenxa uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lolwazi technology namhlanje ilula ukufumana izinto ngalo mbandela. Kwaye umbuzo ukuzoba indlela Khokhloma toy, unako ngokulula khangela impendulo echanekileyo. Ukuphuhlisa ukhenketho kunye yobugcisa, zakubona iinkosi aye ekhaya wefom lobugcisa kwaye sifunde kuye ngqo abagcini yesithethe.

Khokhloma zokudlala nangoku ndiyayoliswa abantwana abathanda zonke eziqaqambileyo engaqhelekanga. ootitshala abaninzi ngeenjongo zokuphuhlisa kubafundi babo nezakhono zobugcisa ukudala umdla inkcubeko yemveli zokuqhuba iiklasi, namatheko zemfundo Khokhloma. Abamaziyo kumhlonela hlobo ukupeyinta, kunye nakwamanye amazwe. Abakhenkethi abasuka kumazwe ahlukeneyo, esiza emva ekhaya, yoyigodusa njenge oonodoli isipho, izinto zasekhitshini nkqu ifanitshala wambu Khokhloma ukupeyinta. Ngoku ke singatsho kakuhle ukuba olu hlobo lobuciko ifumene injongo yaso kwihlabathi mihla, yaye ngaphezu kwesinye isizukulwana iya ophefumlelwe iipateni yayo zimnandi.