Johan Huizinga: biography, iifoto

Johan Huizinga (umhla wokuzalwa: 7 Disemba 1872; Umhla Ukufa: February 1, 1945.) - mbali Dutch, isithandi ngenkcubeko omnye wabaseki Nakule mihla ngamasiko. Ukwamkela kwinqanaba Ngenxa ezihlangwini zakhe, Yakoba Burkhardta, Huizinga ingqalelo izinto zembali, kwezopolitiko nje kuphela, kodwa spectrum yenkcubeko. Yena yaphakanyiswa ukuba ukuchaza imbali yingqokelela zonke iinkalo zokuphila kwabantu, kuquka unqulo, intanda, Ezolimi, isithethe, ubugcisa, uncwadi, neentsomi, iinkolelo, njalo-njalo. Huizinga aphike indlela philological bazama ezibonisa ubomi, iimvakalelo, iinkolelo, iimbono, izinto ezithandwayo, ingqalelo yokuziphatha nobugcisa ekukhanyeni amabinzana zenkcubeko yabo. Wazama ukwenza ingxelo, apho abafundi wayeyiva umoya abantu ababehlala ngaphambili, ukuziva iimvakalelo zabo, baqonde iingcinga zabo. Ukuphumeza oku, i-mbali kusetyenziswa iinkcazelo hayi nje kuphela, kodwa imifanekiso.

indalo

"I-Autumn of the Ages Aphakathi" (1919), umsebenzi wobugcisa imbali inkcubeko, sidibanisa magama kunye nemifanekiso, uncwadi kunye nembali, inkolo kunye bulumko, baba edumileyo ukubhala Huizinga, ndimzisa udumo njengoko ngunozala kwimbali nenkcubeko kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini kunye yindlalifa Burckhardt. Kamva Johan Huizinga wabhala umsebenzi "Man Game" (1938). Kuyo ubalisa kakuhle umntu nengqiqo "sidlala", ibhekisela umdlalo yintlupheko umntu abangekaphuhli kwaye ugcina njengoko archetype umntu iintlobo zenkcubeko. Huizinga wabonisa zonke iintlobo namasiko abantu bazalwa kwaye aphuhliswa njani, eseleyo ukuguqulwa kunye izenzo ukudlala.

impilo

Johan Huizinga, ogama engobomi akukho igcwele adventures, owazalelwa Groningen, Netherlands. Ngoxa ukufunda kwiYunivesithi, wathi ku-nesiSanskriti wathethelela ithisisi doctoral wakhe ngesihloko "Indima jester kule drama Indian" ngo-1897. Kuphela ngo-1902, Huizinga unomdla kwimbali kumaXesha Aphakathi kunye Renaissance. Wahlala ngalo eyunivesithi, efundisa inkcubeko oriental, wada wamkela kwisihloko unjingalwazi wembali jikelele kunye nakuzwelonke ngo-1905. kweminyaka elishumi kamva, wamiselwa Professor of History World e Leiden University - apho wafundisa de 1942. Ukususela ngoko de kwasa ekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1945, Huizinga yabanjwa ibanjwa ngamaNazi kwidolophu encinane kufuphi Arnhem. Yena wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni i Reformed Church kwidolophu Oegstgeest.

umanduleli

Lwandulelwe Huizinga uYakobi Burckhardt, owayephila kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, kuqala ndaqalisa ukucinga ibali ukusuka kwindawo imbono ngayo inkcubeko. Burkhardt bawuphikisa wagxeka ngokubanzi phakathi kwabantu bexesha lakhe philological kunye neendlela ezopolitiko ukuze ingqalelo izinto zembali. Johan Huizinga (ifoto) yaqhubeka ze liphuhlise iindlela siphu-, ngokudala uhlobo entsha - imbali yeenkcubeko.

indlela unique

History of babewajonga ingqokelela iinkalo ezininzi zobomi babantu, kuquka iinkolelo zonqulo neenkolelo, amasiko nezithethe, imiqathango zentlalo kunye inyala, engaziva enyanzelekile yokuziphatha kunye nobuhle, njalo-njalo. Huizinga Wakhanyela schematization sengqiqo kunye neziganeko oluhlengahlengisiweyo zembali phantsi itemplates enobuchwepheshe. Wazama ukudlulisela imeko omoya wobuntu yaye nengqondo ngamaphupha, amathemba, uloyiko namaxhala kwizizukulwana ezidlulileyo. Wayenomdla ngokukhethekileyo ingqiqo ubuhle lubonakaliswa ngendlela yobuciko.

nokwenziwa kwayo

Ukusebenzisa izakhono zalo nanto zoncwadi, Johan Huizinga uye waziphatha ngendlela indlela ababephila ngayo abantu mandulo, saba kunye evakalayo izinto zenkcubeko yabo. Ngokuba kuye, imbali wayengekho uthotho iziganeko zezopolitiko, lube iimvakalelo zokwenene kunye bashile, ngaphandle ongayi kuphila umntu omnye. Huizinga umsebenzi omkhulu, "Le Autumn of the Ages Aphakathi" (1919), sabhalwa kulo mbono.

Lo msebenzi kufuneka kuqala luthathwe uphando yembali, kodwa iya kude ngaphaya uhlobo yoluleko elimxinwa lwesincoko yezembali njengento zohlalutyo ukufunda, philological kuthotho lweziganeko. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, lo msebenzi iqaqambisa izinto zenkcubeko iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, izinto ezo yokufundwa uyahambelana, ubuhle, intanda, neentsomi, inkolo, imbali yezobugcisa kunye noncwadi. Nangona umbhali ingqalelo imiba engenangqondo kwimbali yabantu, oko kakhulu ebaluleke kakhulu irrationalism "ifilosofi yokuphila".

Xa wayeneminyaka engama-samashumi amathandathu anantlanu eminyaka mbali ubudala ipapashe enye wobugcisa - umsebenzi "umdlalo bomntu" (1938). Yaba waqalwa iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi kwiinkalo imbali bulumko inkcubeko. Huizinga udumo nabo bazisa ukupapashwa "Erasmus" (1924).

"Autumn of the Ages Aphakathi"

"I-Autumn of the Ages Aphakathi" liye laba le mbali ncwadi idumileyo. Kuyinto ngenxa ezininzi bexesha wakhe wafumanisa ukuba ngubani na Johan Huizinga, yaye bakwazi aqhelane ezintsha kwinzululwazi.

UYakobi Burckhardt kunye nezinye mbali kumaXesha Aphakathi yayigqalwa umanduleli le Renaissance, kwaye esithi nelaye lasisiseko ngokoqobo. umsebenzi Burckhardt kaThixo swi kwi-Italian Renaissance, kwaye phantse akazange uqalela lwenkcubeko French, eNetherlands kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu kumntla kwiiAlps.

Huizinga iye umngeni ukutyhilwa kumaXesha Aphakathi ukuya izinto Renaissance. Wayekholelwa ukuba inkcubeko ephakathi unamathupha na, wasinda kwincopho wophuhliso lwawo kwiinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibini yaye weshumi, waza weza ke ukwehla kwiinkulungwane lweshumi elinesihlanu. Ngokutsho Huizinga, ixesha yembali, njengoko a ophilayo kwindalo, bezalwa bafe; nto ke leyo ebangele kumaXesha Aphakathi emva yaba ixesha lokufa kunye kweli thuba lokulungiselela utshintsho ukuya imvuselelo ngakumbi. Umzekelo, kwisahluko "Ukufa Ikhoyili" Johan Huizinga kwinkulungwane elinesihlanu kuboniswa kule ndlela ilandelayo: ingcinga yokufa ngabona ingqondo yomntu, kunye njengalowa "dance ukufa" iba yinxalenye sebali lwemizobo. Wabona moodiness ngakumbi, ukudinwa, yaye nostalgia kuba elidlulileyo - iimpawu ukwaluphala inkcubeko ngaphezu iimpawu sokubuyisela kunye enethemba awayedla Renaissance.

Nangona inqubo luthande ukuba nomnyino thaca kwincwadi ethi "The Autumn of the Ages Aphakathi", ihleli umsebenzi classic kwimbali iinkcubeko kunye nendawo imbeko ngebande elinye kunye nemisebenzi adumileyo Yakoba Burkhardta.