Kai-23-2: iimpawu, inkcazelo yobuchule, photo

Ngexesha leMfazwe Patriotic Enkulu ka 1941-1945, sethu impi ujamelene iimeko ezimbini lilishwa: inkqubo phantse ewonke imipu umatshini enzima kunye nofakelo anti-moya. Hayi, zokuchopha ukhuseleko bona, kodwa ukukhusela ikholam umkhosi ezisendleleni lalidla nje nto. Ngenxa yoko - elide, phantse iminyaka emithathu-uzwi-moya lwamaNazi emoyeni kunye nelahleko enkulu izixhobo kwezoshishino kwanababoneleli bemfundo.

Kungenxa yoko le minyaka post-imfazwe kuphuhliso anti-moya zokudubula waphoswa abasebenzi igqwesileyo kwezenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa USSR. Isiphumo yomsebenzi wabo, kuquka, waba umpu anti-moya zu-23-2, owayebonakele nje ngenxa yotshintsho kwimemori-23 ezilula. Bexhotyiswe limi iminyaka engaphezu kwama-50, kunye nophuhliso wayo, apho kwakukho twin (umpu kunye enomjukujelwa) si kai-30, wenza kucace nempumelelo kakhulu lo mbono.

kwenzeka njani?

Ngoko, emva kokuba inkqubo Enkulu Patriotic yonke kwezixhobo anti-moya ithe kuncendile olupheleleyo ngokutsha. Ngoko nangoko, kwavunyelwana ukuba umpu-25 mm, ngenxa ubunzima lwabo kakhulu, ezifanelekileyo kuphela ukuba izithuthi. Ukusebenza kwakhona popular ngelo xesha, 37-mm ukuvuleka akuzange ukuphumeza iingxaki "ezisentlabathini" ezithile.

Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, abantu ngokukhawuleza ifuna amancinci-ukuvuleka kunaso oluzenzekelayo kwi ngumzekelo kwabo ngexesha lemfazwe zafakwa kwi yafakwa. Eneneni, njengesiseko njengoko ixesha yaye kwathathwa isixhobo edume ka-IL-2. Qaphela ukuba kukho amawaka amaninzi ngoku moya zu-23-2 iiyunithi kunye 20mm analogue ongabanga ngaphantsi kakuhle eyaziwa ngaphezu kunaso yayo ezikude "mkhulu."

Sele-1955 iprojekthi ye anti-moya 23-mm 2A14 oluzenzekelayo iye yaziswa. Engineers enikelweyo kwi sisimo ezimbini: abangatshatanga kunye ezimbini. kanye babegcine kuqala ephakamileyo, yaye ngaloo ndlela yaveliswa lunee ntlobo ezintathu. Zonke eziphilayo kwadingeka kuphela inguqulelo manual lwe drive, mayixhotyiswe emehlweni anti-moya eqhelekileyo ZAP-23.

IKhomishini wagqiba ukuba umfuziselo zu-14 best uyazanelisa na iimfuno emkhosini. Yaba 1959 kuye "ngemoto" kuwo onke amanqanaba novavanyo iingalo ezidityanisiweyo kwizithili zomkhosi eziliqela. Waye wavuma ukuba inkonzo ngo-1960, ukunika igama si kai-23. Ethatha inxaxheba kule nombolo nezityalo 535. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kususwe obuqhubekekayo zonke ints- ezichongiweyo kwaye "nezifo ebantwaneni" Kwadlula iminyaka eli-10, uze emva koko beza ufakelo ekukhanyeni si kai-23-2.

features design

Oluzenzekelayo kuxhaswa yi amandla iigesi powder eyabelwe. Isango uhlobo nesinqumka kumise Umphanda ngokusebenzisa abutment "izalelwe" yayo ezingontsingontsini yomfumani. Uyilo ngempumelelo yeendonga zokungqinga buti ivumela indawo yayo kwimeko empini kwimizuzwana nje 15-20. Kwakhona yimpumelelo kakhulu baba drives tye kunye nkqo ejolise, baxhotyiswa izixhobo spring ukunceda.

Umqhubi uchitha ixesha elincinane kakhulu ukhokelo indlela echanekileyo. Ukuba ujonga nenkcazelo si kai-23-2, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba umenzi esemthethweni yezi nkqubo, yaye apho unako ukufumana ulwazi ukubala abaqeqeshiweyo uyakwazi ukusebenzisa isikhokelo indlela imizuzwana 5-15 kuphela. Kwaye enikelweyo ukusetyenziswa iindlela yokugaya ukulungiswa! Kwimeko ukuba kulahlwe amajoni iye yaphuculwa si kai-30m kunye opto-elektroniki iinkqubo, ukufunyanwa nokulandela into iyenziwa phantse ngephanyazo.

Kwelinye icala lo buti nako ukudluliselwa kwimizuzwana nje ezintathu! Unikezelo nezikhali - uhlobo ibhanti. kusetyenziswa Metal tape, ubukhulu umgangatho - neekhatriji-50, nto leyo zifunjwe ibhokisi yentsimbi, likuvumela ukuba ngokukhawuleza ukwenza izixhobo uyazihlaziya. Nganye ibhokisi neekhatriji iribhoni, kwaye inobunzima phantse 35.5 kg. ufakelo Platform - ibhola, baxhotyiswa kunye jackscrews ezintathu. Ngoncedo lwabo, Zu-23-2 ukholosile bawafaka sikhundla badubula.

Eli qonga babonelelwa ndiwele ethwele. In setting indawo zinokugcinwa imi phezu amavili amabini ndingaz-69. Kukho torsion bar ukunqunyanyiswa, nelisebenza ukunciphisa amathuba umonakalo izixhobo ngexesha zothutho ezimbi zomhlaba. Le nto ibalulekile, njengoko kwiindawo ukungqubana kwemihla kuya iqina ngakumbi okanye iindlela ngaphantsi eziqhelekileyo kuhlala kunqabile kakhulu.

Isikhokelo, sokudubula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iinjongo

Uzimisele si kai-23-2 kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa sele ikhankanywe ngasentla ZAP-23 run. Uluhlu langoku ukuya ekujoliswe lungabandakanywa uluhlu iimitha ukuya ku 3,000. Oku akunazo 00 eyayalelwa ikhosi nesantya olingana into elandelwa ukuya kwi-300 m / s. Le emehlweni ivumela ngqo kakhulu ukubeka efunekayo pre-so-, nto leyo iba nefuthe kuyingenelo kwi amathuba ukutshatyalaliswa moya ibona.

Xa zokudubula ekujoliswe emhlabeni lowo ungatshintshwa kumgama ukuya ku-2000 leemitha. Kwezinye iimeko (yokubala iyahlolwa) range kumiselwa "ngesandla", kodwa oku ukusebenzisa stereodalnomera. Yonke enye idatha kwi efaka liliso. Ingakumbi ebalulekile iimbombo ekujoliswe kunye azimuth yayo. Ngenxa yoku, Zu-23-2 (TTX naye esilishumayelayo kweli nqaku) yi kakhulu 'ngenkani "ekubeni ukubala baqeqeshwe kakuhle.

A phawu yale flak yaba kukuba elizeleyo abalibona yoyilo inkqubo ZAP-23 iza Nobubele ngokubhekisele kwiithagethi zokuqhubekela umhlaba T-3. Qaphela ukuba une umgca ezizimeleyo emehlweni.

Izinto eziluncedo anti-moya

Isimanga, kodwa umpu anti-moya zu-23-2 idume hayi ukuba "umoya" italente yayo, kodwa isicelo phezu a. Zonke impixano asekuhlaleni kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwabonisa ukuba le sixhobo ezilungele njengesixhobo eziphambili esinenjini, umpu umlomo kukothuka njengoko nantoni na efanelekileyo ke nje ngeke akwenze. Okokuqala, ZSU ukuba nangoko athunyelwe indawo efakwe. Okwesibini, enokusinceda siyakwazi livunyelwe zonke iintlobo ekujoliswe kuzo zibekwe kumgama edubuleyo ngqo (a ngekhilomitha).

Amaxesha amaninzi, imfuneko ukusetyenziswa enjalo si kai-23-2 kwenzeka xa yangqubana namaqonga umhlambi mgaqweni lotshaba, oko kukuthi, ngexesha imisebenzi counter-abanqolobi. Awu, baye babe kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo yokwenene "fashion mkhuba".

Ezinye "siveza" yokwakha

inzuzo enkulu yale nalencoko yinto yokuba ingakufuni sokuqeqeshwa pre-zobunjineli. Lwanele umphezulu kuphela ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi eflethini. Apha kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ithuba IKONA esijijwayo, nto leyo ibe ngenxa utyekelo noba 30 degrees ude ube moya efanelekileyo. Oku kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kwi Afghanistan kunye Chechnya, apho 23-mm anti-moya gun zu-23-2 eyasetyenziswa ezintabeni.

Kukholelwa ukuba abasebenzi ufakelo inonamathelwano kunokukhokelela kwisikhundla ukudutyulwa imizuzwana 15-20 kuphela. Ukusuka efake ngokulwa - imizuzwana 35-40. Kuqeqesho singqiniwe ukuba, ukuba kuyimfuneko, inkumbulo-23-2 na umlilo phezu nyathelo, ngoxa sikhundla zinokugcinwa. Kakade ke, ngokuchanekileyo nokwenza ngqo ngexesha elifanayo kunganzima ukuba kuthiwe ezanelisayo, kodwa uya kufaneleka ukuba idabi engaphezulu.

Ngokwahlukeneyo kufuneka ukuthetha malunga isicwangciso omhle ukuhamba. Bemlandela kuthatha nasiphi na isithuthi umkhosi, kuba nkqu kwimemori ubunzima weaponized ngokupheleleyo kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu kwitoni enye. On the iindlela isantya buyo iyilungisile unokuba ukuya ku-70 km / h, kunye neendlela - 20 km / h. Ngoko si kai-23-2, inkcazelo lobugcisa apho esilishumayelayo - iseliswelekile "umnqamlezo-lizwe 'umpu anti-moya.

Olunye uncedo kubaluleke kakhulu nayo maintainability liphezulu. Xa zokwakha ezisetyenziswa kuphela kwibakala ilula kwaye yeyona ixhaphakileyo ngentsimbi, ukuze ukulungiswa uyondelelanise naliphi na ishishini ukuba unalo ubuncinane zixhobo abangekaphuhli kunye nezinye izixhobo.

Nezikhali, nemoto feature

Le nezikhali standard si kai-23-2 ali-23-mm emthethweni. Projectiles kusetyenziswa iintlobo ezimbini - BZT kunye OFZT (BFL). Lokuqala - tracer sigade weentonga ihlaba. Yena owazenza yonke warhead, ogama ubunzima ngu 190, inxalenye esezantsi iqulethe isigxina ezihlola, ukwakhiwa golovnaya- sigade. OFZ, okt iintlawulo eziphakamileyo-iziqhushumbisi intloko mass 188,5 g 90 Ngaphambi si kai-23-2 (inkcazo lobugcisa ufakelo aboniswe kweli nqaku) Amaxesha amaninzi kusetyenziswa olu hlobo emthethweni.

Lokufaka ingqiqo yokulwela ukusetyenziswa V19UK brand (kwiinguqulelo ngaphambili - MG-25). isici sayo lisahlulayo ubukho self-umbulali, ngexesha uhambo lwakhe - imizuzwana 11. Kungakhathaliseki uphawu le projectile, njengoko propellant ezisetyenzisiweyo 77 iigrem powder kwibanga 5/7 TSFL. Qaphela ukuba ngokukodwa ukudala data iimbumbulu, eziliqela yesizwe zobunzululwazi kwiziko lophando benza zokudalwa iindidi ezintsha ze njengeziqhubeli, leyo ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakhulu amandla kunye izinga yokutsha.

iimpawu wokuhlolwa emthethweni

Iyonke iCartridge ubunzima (nokuba brand) 450 Ipropati, oomatshini kunye nokusebenza wokuhlolwa kwakhona ziyafana. Le Velocity yokuqala ka-980 m / s, ukuphakama iphezulu ( "isilingi") - 1500 m, ubuninzi uluhlu kuqinisekisa ukoyiswa - ukuya ku-2000 m Qaphela:. Kule uhlobo mzuzu iqokobhe OFZ zisetyenziswa kunqabile kakhulu, kuba ulwa amandla iimfuno zale mihla musa ukuphendula.

Ngenye indlela, a lot of ukugxekwa Zu-23-2 (iimpawu zayo, siye sele kuxoxwe) efunyenwe ngexesha amaphulo ezimbini Chechen: kwenzeka ukuba iqokobhe OFZ kakhulu kakuhle ifanele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezisezidolophini, njengoko bazenze zambi wayenobuchule ompofu ukuba puncturing.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i tape bexhobele nge-mthetho ongabhalwanga: ezine shell OFZT enye BZT. Nenye. MG-25 Blaster, owaba ezininzi iziphene, ngoku indawo ngokupheleleyo yi B-19UK. Izizathu zoku ezilula. Okokuqala, ubuzaza balo ukuya kumphezulu ashinyeneyo fanekiso ngokupheleleyo ukuba yemodeli edlulileyo, kodwa ke fuse akuthethi zicace kwi iqokobhe ukunxibelelana emvula. Okwesibini, iye ukukhuselwa ngcono kakhulu ukufuma.

isicelo yokulwa

Kuba ukusetyenziswa yokuqala kwixesha woloyiso zu-23-2 yenzekile ngexesha lephulo Afghanistan. Bona, ngenxa ubunzima yabo, compactness, lula uthutho knockdown baba efanelekileyo kubagubungela amaqela amancinane mojaheds flue. Kakade ke, indima ephambili kule badlale "Shilka" ...

Nazi i self-ngokwaso nje yonke ngamandla ngokwaneleyo. Ekuqaleni amajoni "semi-komhlaba" kumiselwa "Zushki" kumzimba iilori, oku kulandelayo njengenxalenye lwemihlathi amajarha, kwaye ke si kai-23-2 kule ndima wafumana imvume esesikweni ye-mandla zomkhosi kuwo onke amanqanaba. Amaxesha amaninzi baza baqalisa ukuya entabeni phezu iilori phambene-375 kunye KAMAZ. Kwaye kwakhona lwafumanisa ukuba ezintlanu si kai-23-2 iinkqubo anti-moya ungakwazi ngokuthembekileyo ukukhusela convoys zomkhosi, nkqu phezu abalaleli elikhulu, ngokoqobo "crumbled" zakutshanje ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Isibakala sokuba BMP-1, kunye umpu, nto leyo yaba engile kakhulu ekunyukeni, indlela ephumelelayo columns amajarha yokhuselo evela imilalela ye Mujahideen ezintabeni. Hayi ngaphandle inxaxheba kwezi zixhobo kunye okulwa imfazwe kwiindawo ezininzi eSoviet Union ngoko nangoko emva kokuwa lizwe. Kwaye namhlanje, i si kai-23-2 Ufakelo anti-moya, ifoto leyo kweli nqaku, zizele zonke "iindawo ezinochuku" yehlabathi. Phakathi uphuhliso lwakutsha nje zixabisa ukukhankanya ungquzulwano elidangeleyo Ukrainian apho omabini amacala sisebenzisa ngamandla "zushki".

Kwaye kulo mzekelo, kudityaniswa Zu-23-2 wasetyenziswa kuphela umsebenzi ekujoliswe emhlabeni. imfuneko Little-moya waphu- phakathi impi amaqela inkcaso wayengasekho (akukho ngaphezulu), kodwa ebudeni ukubetha ezinqatyisiweyo zokuhlala le isixhobo ibonise ukuba icala ilungileyo.

iinguqulelo zale mihla

Yeha, nkqu ukusebenza ibango kweethagethi umoya ephantsi iimpawu zayo zonke, olubalelwa nje 0.023. Amathuba begaxeleke-moya (ngaphandle kwe-ntaka) buba esezantsi, kwaye kakhulu.

Noko ke, ngezicelo le ufakelo hayi ilahlekelwe ukufaneleka kwayo, njengoko kuphela isibini hits uya kulithoba phantse naluphi moya. ngokukhwencayo - ukufakelwa ulise kwi oluzenzekelayo umpu kunye neenkqubo tracking target. Le nto kungokunje iphathwa ziingcali KB Tochmash kubo. A. E. Nudelmana. Umsebenzi wabo idale isiseko ukuvela ezintsha Ufakelo anti-moya si kai-23-2. Iifoto kwezi modeli ukwahlula ngokulula, njengoko athwele yokuqala langoku anti-moya imijukujelwa.

Iinzuzo imifanekiso ezinyuselweyo

Ukongeza, i "zushek" ziphuculwe ziinkqubo Motors isikhokelo electromechanical, imibombo ezintsha wokuloba endaweni yokusebenza, a laser rangefinder, nto leyo evumela ukuba imitha ukujonga umgama nakwiimeko ukubonakala kakubi. Kuba ukusebenza ebusuku, le nkqubo ngakumbi na mayixhotyiswe a imager thermal, leyo phambana ncam thermal radiation izixhobo utshaba iikhilomitha eziliqela. Enyanisweni, oku kuvumela ukuba wakhuphe nkqu zilwe ihelikopta mihla.

Ukususela ukwakhiwa imipu anti-moya maxesha iye yaphela lixesha emehlweni ZAP-23 ukusuka gunner emsebenzini. Yena indawo opto-elektroniki umnqongo kunye neenkqubo ingcebiso nolawulo olongezelelweyo. Podolsky developer uthi ngenxa yazo zonke ezi ezintsha, amathuba betha ekujoliswe kwangoko landa ngokuphindwe kathathu. Kodwa real "u-" singezantsi singangumzekelo zu-30m, ukwakhiwa esibonelela ufakelo lohlobo isingxobo MANPADS "Igla", Stinger okanye enye, ngokutsho umthengi lokugqibela.

Ngoko Zu-23-2, iimpawu ebekuthethwe ngazo kwiphepha wethu, iye kwavula uphuhliso lonke uluhlu imipu anti-moya elula, esebenzayo futhi osebenzayo. Emva kokuba yenziwe uvandlakanyo, "zushka" ngaphezu konyaka omnye ingasetyenziselwa injongo eyenzelwe yona. Kwakhona qaphela ukuba ePoland, kwi "imigqomo" nokushiye kakhulu flak, ngabom benza kwimveliso ngokusekelwe kwezi iisampuli yala maxesha. abayili Domestic buhlungu kakhulu kukuba izibonda musa athobele umthetho.

Siyathemba ukuba Zu-23-2 kunye TTHa yayo wachaza aba nomdla kuwe. Esi sixhobo - umzekelo ogqibeleleyo indlela ekuqaleni ukubeka isakhono zokuphucula umpu moya ingasetyenziswa ngexesha IMfazwe nanamhlanje.