Khankanya izinto zendalo kunye nentlalo-bume kwabantu

Umntu lo yena uphila kwaye kuphuhlisa phantsi kwempembelelo iimeko zendalo kunye nezentlalo. Le yokugqibela siyimveliso yomsebenzi wakhe; ngokwasemzimbeni, engqondweni, kwengqondo. Ukohluka wobukho bomntu ilele kakhulu into yokuba izinto kwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nezentlalo zabantu zenze uwonke nasekusungulweni kwi-Homo sapiens iintlobo.

lweengcambu

akubonakali ukuba umnqweno kwi ubalaseleyo ebantwini ukuba kude kuye evela yakhe yezilwanyana. Yinto kakhulu enkulu yomzimba wethu kunye nemisebenzi yayo, oko kusikhumbuza ulwalamano kunye ezanyisayo.

Oku kusebenza kakhulu kwisicwangciso jikelele umzimba yokwakheka womntu, oko kukuthi, iimpawu morphological kunye nokomzimba yokusabela kwemichiza eziseleni, ancedisana amalungu. Ukufanisa imiba ye-bume yendalo nezinto zentlalo, edibene correlatively omnye nomnye, yaye oku kuya kunceda uku bana phandle intsingiselo ngamnye kubo kwinkqubo anthropogenesis. Qiniseka ukuba ithathele ingqalelo into yokuba umntu kusoloko kubonwa njengendlela entsokothileyo, evulekileyo, ukuzeyisa ukuhlela, self-ukuzandisa, kwaye ibuyisela biosystem. Okulandelayo, siye rhoqo bafunde iintlobo kwiimpembelelo zendalo emzimbeni womntu.

izinto abiotic

Ziquka iimeko ezifana ukufuma, izinga lobushushu, radiation yangasemva. Nya ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo zombini kwi ngamnye kwaye inani labantu ngokubanzi. izinto zendalo ibizwa. Ngobunzulu okanye amandla yeziphumo yabo ibe sisigxina okanye ukukhetha naxa ixesha elide zophuhliso reserves xa iyonke. Le amandla womxhuzulane, igesi ukwakhiwa emoyeni, isiqulatho ityuwa emanzini olwandle, njl ..

Types of iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo

Tshintsha iimeko abiotic lungohlulwa lube maqela alandelayo: non-ngamaxesha athile (iinyikima zomhlaba, mlilo), ngamaxesha (ukutshintsha amaxesha onyaka, imijikelo month), kwakunye ndawo ixesha elide.

Ezi ziquka global warming komhlaba. Bonke abemi bomhlaba, yaye indoda ethile, ukuqhelana ezahlukeneyo izinto zokusingqongileyo, ngokusebenzisa indlela ye neuro-humoral ukulawulwa ukutya. Zonke ezi zibakala zikhankanywe ngasentla kusikhokhelela kwisigqibo ilandelayo: Chaza izinto ze-bume yendalo nezinto zentlalo, nto leyo ubethwa umzimba, baze emva koko kuphela uya kuba nako kwangaphambili oko utshintsho olwenziwayo kwenzeka zombini kwi ngamnye kunye noluntu ngokubanzi.

Umthetho lithathelwe kangangoko imithetho ukuzimela isalamane; Ngaphezu koko, bonke phantsi kwempembelelo kwemithetho lwemo engqongileyo, ezifana thina. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yobuntu biosocial, kucacile ukuba nempembelelo enkulu kuye anthropogenes iipateni, nelaziwa ngokuba imiba yezentlalo. Ukuqwalasela imbali yendalo kunye nenzululwazi kwezentlalo, niya ufake imiba indalo kunye nezentlalo. Biology kukujolisa kwimiba efana isifundo ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila, anthropogenesis imithetho, imithetho yendalo.

Eziphilayo njengoko bume ethile yobukho

iimeko zasemanzini zibandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo impembelelo ofanayo izinto eziphilayo ngalinye ezinye ophilileyo. Le ukusebenza kuba izityalo, izilwanyana, iintsholongwane yabantu, intsebenziswano abantu abantu omnye komnye. siqale siqwalasele umzekelo ka ifomu ulwalamano iintsholongwane relationship ngokuqhelekileyo awayengabemi umzimba womntu. ukwakhiwa kwawo kuxhomekeke kwindawo kweendawo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo umzimba, naphezu ngesondo, ubudala kunye nobume bempilo yomntu. Ngenxa yoko, kweli langoku yomlomo streptococci, pneumococci, E. coli. Xa emathunjini amancinci Igwele live, enterococci. Le microflora yethumbu enkulu lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ukufunxeka futhi umzimba jikelele. Nazi bifidobacteria kunye lactobacilli, ukuba kuhlelwe iivithamini, leyo ukuphucula ekugayeni.

Long-term ngendaleko womntu, waye wadibana ngokusondeleyo kunye nezityalo nezilwanyana kukhokelele ukuvela iintlobo zezityalo elinywayo eendidi nezilwanyana zasekhaya. Ukuba ujamelana umsebenzi: "Iveza imiba ye zendalo engqongileyo nezentlalo zelizwe zabantu", kuyimfuneko ukuba bakuthathele ingqalelo iimpembelelo anthropogeny ezentlalo kodwa abo eziphilayo kuphela, njengoko Botany, ngezilwanyana, ngeebhakther.

imisebenzi yabantu onokuphila

Ngelishwa, abantu sekunjalo waqonda ukuba ubukho babo nobomi kuxhomekeke kwimeko uMhlaba kunye nohlobo yayo. Imbali yethu igcwele izibakala badimala ukutshatyalaliswa umntu zonke eziyingqongileyo nto. Kodwa ke imiphumo eyingenelo ezenziwa ngabantu ihlabathi elisingqongileyo ngamandla nje. Abantu iqhubeka umona uqhubeka "ukutshintsha indalo." Izenzo ezinjalo ziye ngokuba "izinto eyenziwe ngumntu kokusingqongileyo." impembelelo yayo embi kungancitshiswa ukuba guided izenzo zabo "isazela lokusingqongileyo" (yimbonakaliso ISAZINZULU A. American Leopold). Ukuba wabuza umbuzo malunga noku, nceda ubonise izinto ze-bume yendalo nezinto zentlalo, ezo zezona ebalulekileyo kwembali yabantu, ukuchaza indawo kuso kunye nendima iziganeko ezifana ezidolophini kunye ukwanda.

Ukunyuka kwenani labemi emhlabeni

Kuyinto sisalathisi, kakhulu echaphazela imo ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila, yaye libhekisela kwiqela ezinokuphembelela ukuqinisekisa inqanaba lweemeko zentlalo yoluntu. Kule minyaka ingama-50 idlulileyo labantu emhlabeni liye landa ngokuphindwe-2 kwaye ngoku abantu malunga 7.3 billion.

Le nto ibizwa ngokuba ukwanda. Uninzi iingxaki ezikhoyo - ngokunikezela ngezibonelelo ukutya abantu. Ukufunda iidemografi (inzululwazi imithetho asetyenziselwa ukujikwa abantu kunye neemeko apho kuxhomekeke), ngokuthembekileyo zibonisa imiba indalo kunye nezentlalo.

Njani iidemografi yaye yintoni imisebenzi iqalisa ngokwawo? Ukuqala livela ingaqatshelwa phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19, xa kwakukho uphando Giyyara. imisebenzi yayo zithathwa umsebenzi wocwangciso nothantamiso lwabasebenzi, kwakunye nemigaqo-nkqubo labantu (ALS wenzala kunye ukufa, umtshato kunye nokuzala kwenani labantu ngokubanzi).

kuhambe

yokukhula kwenani labantu nophuhliso lwamashishini ziye ingqanyaniswe ukuvela megacities. Ke imizi kumazwe awahlukeneyo baphile 45 ukuya 47% labantu bebonke. Microenvironment ngeenxa zonke kubo ezichaphazeleke umsebenzi yabantu kukungakhathali: ukuqokelelana amawaka eetoni inkunkuma yaye amanzi longcoliseko ukusuka amdaka. Phantse watshabalalisa yendalo angqonge imizi emikhulu. Lomhlaba, amanzi kunye nomoya ukuba ne inkunkuma mveliso ityhefu. Konke oku isisongelo ngqo kubomi babantu.

Indlela ukufunda imithetho abantu

I-sobulumko French Auguste Comte lubonise ukuba imeko yentlalo umntu yeyona into efanayo yokufunda, kwakunye indalo. Uhlala ngokunxulumene nemithetho ethile, leyo akhiwa kule nkqubo yonxibelelwano kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu emsebenzini, ubomi kunye nenkcubeko. Le mithetho ukufunda yokuhlalisana. Ukufanisa imiba ye-bume yendalo nezinto zentlalo - nokusebenzisa iindlela zophando lwezenhlalo, uya kukwazi ukuphonononga zonke iinkalo zobomi: ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ulawulo, imfundo. izifundo yokuhlalisana cinga phakathi kwabantu, ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno samalungu ayo, cinga ukufaka, wemidla kunye eziphambili lomntu.

Ukushwankathela, izihloko bafunda. Umntu athi xa ucelwa: "Iveza imiba ye-bume yendalo nezinto zentlalo," impendulo emfutshane kufuneka njengelifundeka ngolu hlobo: "Iqela lokuqala luquka abiotic (kokusingqongileyo) kunye imiba zasemanzini. Bakha -bume yendalo yomntu iqela lesibini kuquka iinkqubo ezibanzi ubomi. ebantwini, kuthiwa ongqongileyo kwezentlalo. "