Yintoni umlambo ubaluleke iyavuma? Iyavuma, Amur River

Iyavuma - esinye sezixeko likhulu kwiMpuma Ekude. Sikhoyo kwi Sredneamurskaya emathafeni. Yintoni umlambo ubaluleke iyavuma? Kakade ke, kuse emlanjeni omkhulu - Amur. Kwemali ngokungaphelelanga ngaphaya umda phakathi kwamazwe amabini, lo mlambo iyavuma Krai ibanga amawaka eekhilomitha, kunye ichibi yayo lokuqubha ukwakweli kwintsimi amazwe amathathu.

iyavuma

Iyavuma - isixeko esikhulu Russian Far East. Ukongeza, kuba liziko yolawulo District Federal Far Eastern. River kwisixeko yaseKhabarovsk (cupid) eyahlula evela PRC. Ukuya eTshayina, ungakwazi basebenzisa izithuthi lomlambo. Le nqanawa motor ndikunikela kwidolophu ekufutshane China.

Imvelaphi yegama Amur River

Igama River livela noba Tunguska "amor", Oko kuthetha "ihlabathi ezilungileyo". Okanye igama Nivkh "Damour", gama elo elithetha "umlambo omkhulu." Eli gama yombhalo inxenye uphendula lo mbuzo, njani umfula ugeleza iyavuma. Cupid ngokwenene ububanzi. Amanye abantu abahlala lomlambo, umnxeba ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, igama Mongolian "Hara ukuncokola" lithetha "amanzi amnyama", yaye ngesiTshayina cupid ebizwa nokuba "Heihe" okanye "Heilongjiang", bona bubonakala, ngokulandelelana, i-River Black okanye Black Dragon River.

Ekubeni igama lokugqibela enxulumene ilejendi ezintle Chinese ukuba inamba elungileyo emnyama weyisayo emhlophe embi (kuba abamnyama Chinese emhlophe). White Dragon isikhephe batshoniswe bawonakalisile izinto eziphilileyo emininzi, yathi ngenxa ke wasuka wawohlwaya. Ukususela ngoko, i-Black Dragon waphila, ngokutsho legend, kummandla Khingansky ezidleleni.

Yiyiphi umfula ugeleza iyavuma

Cupid - lo mlambo inkulu yonke East Far. Lo mlambo kwemali iyavuma, Blagoveshchensk kunye Komsomolsk-on-Amur. I inkulu nemingenela yawo unguye Bureya, Zeya, yaye inxalenye ayahamba na ummandla Chinese le Ussuri kunye Sungari. Ukongeza, imijelo eziphambili ziquka Anuy, Gorin, Amgun, Gur, Argun, kunye nabanye. Ummandla zokuqokelela amanzi East Far lo mfula omkhulu ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezibini square. A mali 11 lamawaka. Cubic metres. m. ngomzuzwana. Phakathi imijelo yamanzi enkulu Russian Federation, Amur (umlambo iyavuma Krai) liyazingca kwindawo yesine, enika intende kuphela iingxilimbela ezifana Lena, Yenisey, OB.

Lo mlambo ukhandwa ekudibaneni Shilka kunye Argun imilambo, aqukuqela ummandla Far East edge ukuya ekudibaneni kunye Gulf of Sakhalin. Xa sicingela ukuba ubude lomlambo ukusuka ekudibaneni ukuya emlonyeni, ufumana km 2800. Kunye ne Shilka le ubude 4.5 kb. Km. Oku nangona malunga namawaka amathathu eekhilomitha ijelo le Amur River lo umda karhulumente phakathi eRashiya kunye neTshayina.

Ububanzi liphezulu komlambo kubonwa kwilali Troitskaya (5 km) kunye nobunzulu kakhulu - kwisiza emlanjeni kufuphi Cape Tyrsky (56 meters).

zocando lwemida

Kumathambeka avareji umlambo 0,11%. Kwangaxeshanye, uhlobo flow kuyahlukana nedlela kakhulu kwi indawo ukuvuza. Kukho iindawo ezintathu eziyintloko Amur River: lelingaphezulu, phakathi nolusezantsi.

Inxalenye eliphezulu yi ariya ekudibaneni ezimbini imilambo (Shilki kunye Argun) ukuya Blagoveshensk. 900 km omlambo, engena phakathi namawa emikhulu Nyukzha loza-Greater Hinggan sibe kwizinga eliphezulu lokuhamba.

Inxalenye eliphakathi igqalwa ukugawula ukusuka Blagoveshchensk ukuya iyavuma, malunga ophosa elide, kuMbindi Amur chu ithwala amanzi alo emfuleni ngokubanzi. macandelo lakhe track wohlulwe imibhobho eziliqela (nezaziwa ukuphanga). Amur kunxweme kule nxalenye iindawo eziphakamileyo, afumileyo. Kuba Small Khingan River amanzi eqokelelwe enye channel enamandla.

Inxalenye esezantsi Amur kunye nobude malunga 950 yeekhilomitha ukusuka yaseKhabarovsk aqukuqela ukuya emlonyeni. Apho iphela iyavuma, Amur River uhamba nxamnye ebanzi Lower Amur Nama, apho kukho ezininzi amachibi oxbow kunye namachibi. Kweli candelo lo mfula eziqhagamshelene imijelo kunye namachibi amakhulu. Kubalulekile kwakhona Amur ichweba - ngamandla phambili inxenye yokungenela le ezisezantsi Amur.

Enezityalo nezilwanyana

Animal cupid emhlabeni zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Amanzi imigxobhozo elunxwemeni iindawo ezibalulekileyo yokuzala iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi, kwakunye inxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufuduka eziliqela iintlobo zeentaka kule ngingqi. Umzekelo, indlwane malunga nama-95% kwingingqi ye emlanjeni weNgwamza ezimhlophe, 65% ne-50% ye Japanese Dahur milenge.

Kwezindawo indawo yentaka kweentlobo 400 zeentaka, kukho malunga nama-70 iintlobo ezanyisayo, iintlobo-130 zeentlanzi amatsha, yaye kukho ngaphezu amawaka amahlanu iintlobo zezityalo. Phakathi iintlobo esingapheliyo i Amur River kufuneka kuqatshelwe iintlobo ezifana edumileyo tiger Amur kunye ukulungela (iintlanzi amatsha, ubunzima lingaba ngaphezu ton!).

Igalelo inkulu ukuya Far East lomlambo biodiversity-langa yeyabahlali. Kwanele ukuba athi le yenye yeendlela ezintathu imilambo inkulu planethi, akukho ndoda yayididekile yi emadamini.

iingxaki zokusingqongileyo

Yintoni umlambo ixabisa iyavuma kunye nezinye izixeko ezininzi Eastern eSiberia? Le Amur River edumileyo. Nangona kunjalo, izinga longcoliseko kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwi imeko eziphilayo kulo mmandla. Cupid liye lajamelana neengxaki ezinkulu zokusingqongileyo mashumi yakutshanje. Isizathu - intsimi exineneyo Chinese kunxweme lomlambo Ussuri kunye Sungari. Lo mmandla likhaya malunga ne-100 lezigidi. Abantu, leyo aluchaphazeli ukuhla iintlanzi, izilwanyana kunye nokunciphisa uluhlu ezihlala kuzo. A nefuthe elikhulu kwindalo babe inkunkuma-mveliso alahlwa kulo zozibini Russian yaye, ingakumbi, ngecala Chinese. ifuthe elibi ulawulo ezinamanzi ze umzimba amanzi abe mveliso kwi Zeya, Bureya, Sungari. Kakade ke, ukuba sithathe ingqalelo, emlanjeni exabisa iyavuma kunye neminye imizi eMpuma Ekude, ingxaki kufuneka nakanjani kuconjululwa ngandlel 'ithile.

umbuso Water

Igalelo engundoqo ibhalansi amanzi omlambo yenza amanzi emvula ngexesha iimvula zehlobo. Ratio emvula egqitha 70%, lo gama iminikelo evela ikhephu kakhulu amandla athobekile ngakumbi. Isizathu soku ke ubusika kunye ezimhlophe, wayenza loo mmandla. Ezi zemozulu iparameters zichaza iimpawu ezinjalo kunye imo namanzi, ukonga zombini phezulu nezisezantsi spring isimo ithuba yamanzi ephantsi (umgangatho lincinane umlambo) ngexesha lasebusika.

Amur ngumkhenkce ekuqaleni ngoNovemba, kwaye imilambo lokuvula kuphela ekupheleni kuka-Aprili. Ngoko ke, kuthiwa wambu ngumkhenkce iintsuku ezingaphezu kwe-170.

ukuhla nokunyuka kwinqanaba

Inqanaba eliphezulu lamanzi waphawula kwisithuba ukususela kuJulayi ukuya ku-Agasti, ngokufuthi kokuthabatha umlinganiswa izikhukula (kakhulu bafa abhalwe ngowe-1928, xa umkhukula ihlobo Amur kwadala ilahleko enkulu kuqoqosho lwesizwe). Kwiindawo zonke iinxalenye ophakathi kwezisezantsi iindawo Far East of ichitheke umlambo ukuya ayi-25!

nokunyuka inqanaba Amur kwiindawo zayo aphezulu kunye ophakathi ukufikelela kwiimitha ezili-15, lo gama inxalenye ephantsi - mitha 7. Umlomo kukuhla kunyuka kwinqanaba usezantsi kakhulu, kufikelela-2.6 m, kodwa ebudeni ice yokhukuliseko ngenxa ukuhla kwi kwingxinano unako ukufikelela kangangeemitha ezili-15.

impi hydroengineering

Ngenkulungwane yokugqibela, inkqubo yenguqu lendalo Far East lomlambo ibe kwijelo elitsha. Kulo mba, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane xxi izenzo Iingcali Chinese ziye zathathwa, ezibangela umonakalo omkhulu ukuya kwicala Russian. Abakhi evela China yayakhiwe kwiikhilomitha ezininzi lodaka, waqinisa kodonga lasekunene le Amur. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ibhanki ungakhuselekanga ekhohlo ukhukuliseke, leyo esongela ukutshatyalaliswa kwiilali eziliqela kunye nokutshatyalaliswa nokuba buso le iyavuma kwebhulorho. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusombulula ingxaki, enikwe kwi umlambo exabisa iyavuma. Kwaye inkulu yaye iyingozi.

hydrologists Russian kulo mba, ukuba isandi alarm. Kuxhotyiwe le meko yandiswa ngumba wokuba ukuba ngenxa yenqila izivumelwano Russian-Chinese iqela izakhiwo hydraulic kwi inxalenye Russian Federation waya eTshayina, yaye ukuba China ugqiba ukuba adutywadutywe, inkqubo izikhukula liza kunyuka.