Kievan Rus ': imfundo kunye nembali

Kievan Rus - buyinto ezizodwa kwimbali ephakathi yaseYurophu. Uhlala ngokunjalo oluphakathi phakathi kwe impucuko eQhelekileyo yaseMpuma kunye West, liye laba lilitye ndawo ibalulekileyo yabafowunelwa kwimbali nenkcubeko yaye ayila hayi kuphela ngokusekelwe i self-ngokwaneleyo, kodwa impembelelo lwangaphakathi obalulekileyo abantu angabamelwane.

Ukuqulunqwa zobumbano wokwabiwa

State Education Kievan Rus kunye imvelaphi ukuyilwa abantu baseMpumalanga mihla buqala amaxesha xa inxalenye enkulu eMpuma South-Eastern Yurophu iqala Enkulu Ukufudukela ye nokuxubana, olwaqhubeka kwaze ekupheleni VII kwenkulungwane. Single phambi kokuba uluntu Slavic ngcembe disintegrates kwi imibutho yesizwe Slavic mpuma, entshona, kumazantsi kunye emantla. Embindini ka th mna. Xa kummandla Ukraine namhlanje khona Antsky kunye Sklavinsky Union of zezizwe Slavic. Emva besaphula e V BC ngenkulungwane lesizwe Huns kunye iyophela of the Western baseRoma uBukhosi Iimbovane Union waqalisa ukuba badlale indima enkulu eMpuma Yurophu. Ayehlasela izizwe yaseAvar akazange lo manyano kwasekwa kurhulumente, kodwa inkqubo ukubunjwa sokumiswa awuthunyelwanga wayeka. izizwe Slavic amakoloni emazweni ezintsha kwaye amanye ukudala ubuhlobo amatsha zezizwe.

Ekuqaleni, kukho okwethutyana, umanyano nje zezizwe - yomkhankaso zomkhosi okanye banqande abamelwane abangenabubele kunye mbuya. Ngokuthe ngcembe ukunxulumana inkcubeko efanayo kunye nobomi zezizwe asebumelwaneni. Ekugqibeleni, umbutho wambumba uhlobo protogosudarstvennyh indawo - umhlaba kunye nazilawuli leyo koko zikhokelele inkqubo efana ukuyilwa ngurhulumente Kiev Russ.

Ngokufutshane, ukwakhiwa zezizwe Slavic

Uninzi lwezikolo mihla nembali inxulumanisa bengasenasazela ekuqaleni abantu Russian, Ukrainian kwaye Belarusian ekuweni lenqaba uluntu enkulu kuhlale ezinamatheleneyo ukuvela sha zentlalo - ubuhlobo yesizwe. Ukuhlangabezana ngcembe zezizwe Slavic zavelisa ngobume Kievan Rus. imfundo uMbuso olukhawulezisiweyo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane VIII. Ngomhla kwintsimi amagunya elizayo zobumbano ezisixhenxe yezopolitiko kwasekwa: dulibov, Drevlyane, Croats, glades, Ulichi, Tivertsy, siveryan. Omnye kuqala Dulibsky Union, ekuhlanganiseni izizwe yokugcwalisa ummandla wesithili. Gorin eMpuma ukuya eNtshona. Bug. Indawo kakhulu geographical waba glades isizwe ahlala loo mmandla ukusuka embindini Dnieper River. Black icula emantla ukuya emlanjeni. Irpen kunye ros ngasezantsi. Ukwenziwa imeko yamandulo Kievan Rus kwenzeka ngomhla emazweni ezi zizwe.

Ukuvela zakuqala karhulumente

Imiqathango ukubunjwa zobumbano yezizwe bakhula ukubaluleka kwabo zomkhosi nezopolitiko. Uninzi enzani ngexesha amaphulo zomkhosi yemveliso bucala iinkokheli zesizwe kunye abagrogrisi - axhobe amajoni zobungcali ababekhonza iinkokeli ngentlawulo. Baba nendima ebonakalayo kwiindibano indima singabakhululekileyo, okulwa okanye iimali intsomi (Chamber), nto leyo elisombulula i imibandela ebalulekileyo yolawulo yoluntu. Xana yahlulwe umaleko kobunkokheli zezizwe ezandleni loo mandla ekugxilwe. Ukwakhiwa kwale maleko liqulethe oku izinduna - abacebisi nenkosana ilingane, Iinkosana kunye okuvula zabo.

Wedwa Polyansky Union

Kakhulu inkqubo yemfundo karhulumente kwenzeka emhlabeni Polanski oozilawuli yezizwe. Yakhulela ixabiso Kiev - capital yayo. Amandla otshatsheleyo kwi ubulawuli yaba inzala Polyansky Prince Kyi.

Phakathi VIII kunye IX cc. kwi ubulawuli ziye imiqathango yokwenene yezopolitiko ukuvela rhoqo yayo yokuqala karhulumente Slavic, apho kamva wafumana igama Kievan Rus.

Imfundo kwegama "Rus"

Umbuzo 'ziye zaya Apho ilizwe Russian ", enikwe yi umkhumbuzi Nestor, zange sifumane impendulo ecacileyo kwada kwayile mini. Namhlanje, imibono eziliqela zenzululwazi ngemvelaphi yegama "Rus" kuqhelekile phakathi mbali, "Kievan Rus". Ukuqulunqwa kwale binzana inemvelaphi elidlulileyo enzulwini. Ngokubanzi ethetha, la magama asetyenziswa ngayo inkcazelo yonke imimandla Slavic Mpuma kwi exineneyo - kuthathelwa ingqalelo kuphela Kiev, Chernigov kunye Pereiaslav ilizwe. Phakathi izizwe Slavic, la magama ziye zanda kakhulu yaye kugxininiswe ngakumbi kumagama ezahlukeneyo ndawo. Umzekelo, amagama imilambo - amavili. Stauros, et al. Le efana igama Slavic bantu abathatha isikhundla ilungelo kwi eliphakathi kumazwe Naddniprianshchyna. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, igama lomnye izizwe, eyayiyinxalenye kweManyano Polanski waba umbethe okanye Russes, yaye kamva nje ngencam yobumnandi Polyansky waqalisa ukuba bazibize Russ. Kwinkulungwane IX yaphela lokusekwa karhulumente yamandulo Russian. Kievan Rus 'ukuba khona.

Intsimi yaseMpuma nokuxubana

Indawo, zonke iintsapho baba abahlala ehlathini okanye ehlathini. Ezi iindawo zendalo wawunesisa ukwenzela uphuhliso loqoqosho kunye nokhuseleko ubomi. Kwaba phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-ezinezinga, amahlathi kunye ihlathi ukuyilwa imo Kievan Rus.

Amalungiselelo jikelele iqela esemazantsi zezizwe Slavic kakhulu kuchaphazela uhlobo ubudlelwane babo nabantu ezikufutshane kunye namazwe. I indawo ohlala kuyo le Rus yamandulo yayimi phezu kumda ophakathi eMpuma West. La mazwe zisendaweni ekwahlukaneni kweendlela zamandulo kunye neendlela zorhwebo. Kodwa ke ngelishwa, ezi zindawo ezivulekileyo kunye nezithintelo ungakhuselekanga yendalo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ungakhuseleki ungenelelo kunye nokuhlasela.

Relations kunye nabamelwane

Ngaphezu VII- VIII iinkulungwane. usongo engundoqo kubemi bezo izizwe kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga East neSouth. Eyona nto ibaluleke ngokukodwa kwinkalo yemfundo yaba Khazar Khanate - siqinile, ibekwe kumathafa Northern noLwandle Black kunye eCrimea. Ngokunxulumene nokuxubana Khazars sathatha beme ndlongondlongo. Okokuqala, wafuna irhafu kunye Vyatichi siveryan, yaye kamva - nentsimi. Umzabalazo kunye Khazars negalelo kumanyano yezizwe Polanski manyano wesizwe, leyo ngazo, walwa kunye Khazars. Mhlawumbi ngenxa Khazars ukuya nokuxubana babewela inkosi isihloko - Hagan.

Kubalulekile baba neentlobano zezizwe Slavic nge Byzantium. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo iinkosana Slavic walwa wasebenza ngazo ubukhosi enamandla, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu wangena ubuhlobo bakhe emkhosini. Xa entshona East Slavic izizwe igcine unxibelelwano kunye Slovaks, imiqobo kunye Czechs.

Ukwenziwa isimo Kievan Rus

Uphuhliso Political Polyansky wobukumkani kukhokelele ukuvela Ekuveleni VIII-IX iinkulungwane, imfundo yoluntu, nto leyo Kamva, ndathunyelwa igama "Rus". Njengoko ikomkhulu yamagunya amatsha waba eKiev, ababhali-mbali XIX-XX Art. Baza baqala ukubiza kuye "Kievan Rus". imfundo yeli lizwe yaqala kuMbindi Dnieper, apho wayehlala drevlyans, siveryane nokucima.

Ngumlawuli Russia waba isihloko Kagan (Haka), elingana Russian Grand Duke. Kucacile ukuba isihloko ngesele banxibe nje uNdikhoyo, owathi ngenxa isigxina akuso ngentla Prince ubuhlobo yesizwe. Ekomelezeni urhulumente omtsha abonisa imisebenzi yayo esebenzayo emkhosini. Ekupheleni VIII ngo. Russ wakhokela Polyansky Prince Bravlin wahlasela unxweme iCrimea waza wayithimba bhija Surozh kunye Korsun. Ngo-838 le Rus wafika eseByzantium. Ngoko lona unxulumano lobuchule kunye ubukhosi mpuma. Imfundo East lenqaba imo Kievan Rus 'lo mnyhadala mkhulu kangaka. Uye waqaphela njengenye iintlanga ezininzi ezinamandla ixesha.

Iinkosana yokuqala Kievan Rus

Engukumkani Russia Abameli Kievich ubukhosi, eziquka abazalwana Askold kunye Dir. Ngokutsho kwabanye ababhali-mbali, baba intsebenziswano abalawuli-, nangona mhlawumbi ekuqaleni waba Amaxhama, uze emva koko - Askold. Ngaloo mihla, phezu Dnieper kukho amaqembu abantu Normans - balwa, Danes, eNorway. Zazisetyenziswa ukukhusela iindlela zorhwebo njenge nanceba ngexesha ukudliwa. Ngowe-860 Askold, isihloko umkhosi 6-8 amawaka. Man, baqhubeka iphulo elwandle Kostantinopol. Ukuba eseByzantium, Askold Uqhelene unqulo entsha - Christianity, wabhaptizwa, yaye wazama ukuba azise nkolo entsha, nenokuthi uthabathe Kievan Rus. Education, imbali yelizwe omtsha waqalisa ukuziva impembelelo zobulumko aseByzantium iinkcuba. Of uBukhosi Russian kweli lizwe bamenywa ababingeleli kunye nabayili. Kodwa la manyathelo Askold akazange ukuzisa impumelelo enkulu - phakathi wabanumzana kunye abaqhelekileyo kwakusekho impembelelo ubuhedeni. Ngoko ke, ubuKristu bafika kamva kwi Kievan Rus.

Ukwenziwa urhulumente omtsha ukuchaza isiqalo sexesha elitsha kwimbali yaseMpuma nokuxubana - ilixa ubomi yinxalenye yoluntu-ezopolitiko.