Uluntu Industrial luphawulwa ... Yini ephawula uluntu mveliso

Wonke umntu uye weva iingqiqo ezifana era kwimizi-mveliso, kodwa bambalwa linokuchazwa yasho kubo. Kaloku, zama ukuqonda.

uluntu Industrial: yintoni

Le era luphawulwa olu hlobo lwe unxibelelwano noluntu, ezo zisekelwe lahlule yabasebenzi, kwaye icandelo uyakwazi ukunika abantu ubomi obutofotofo. Kuyinto oluphakathi phakathi kwe ngobuwena eqhelekileyo kunye nolwazi (post-mveliso) uluntu.

Nangona isibakala sokuba mbali tsalela mihla indlela post-mveliso ubomi, yena a lot of iimpawu "mveliso". Thina ziyafana siye kwi engaphantsi, zhzhem amalahle kwibhoyila, kwaye maxa wambi intambo yefowuni ukhumbuza ubizo lwakhe shrill oshishino zangaphambili eSoviet.

IMVELAPHI umphakathi industrial

Intshayelelo uluntu lwaseYurophu kwindlela inkqubela - nto iba yinkqubo ecothayo luphawulwa utshintsho ubudlelwane feudal kwi nkulu.

ixesha New (elithile mveliso) na ixesha ukususela nge-16 ukuya kwi-19 (ukuqala 20) cc. Ngexesha eminyaka mithathu, uluntu lwaseYurophu lifikile indlela ende, ukugquma zonke iinkalo zobomi babantu:

• Economic.
• Yezopolitiko.
• Social.
• Technology.
• Ngokomoya.

Inkqubo ezintsha kancinane ekuthiwa maxesha.

Akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba uluntu mveliso luphawulwa :

1. lesigaba sokusebenza. Le nto iye yabangela ukuba ukwanda kwemveliso, kunye - ukuyilwa iiklasi ezimbini kwezoqoqosho: sabasebenzi (abasebenzi wage) kunye noohlohlesakhe (ngoongxowankulu). Isiphumo kwisahlulo yabasebenzi kwaba ukubunjwa inkqubo entsha kwezoqoqosho - ongxowankulu.
2. Nekoloniyalizim - ukukhonya kumazwe aseYurophu phezu ithi umva ngokwezoqoqosho baseMpuma. Kucacile ukuba colonizer xhaphaza izibonelelo loluntu kunye nelendalo amazwe zixhomekeke.
3. revolution Scientific and zobugcisa. Inkqubela kwinzululwazi nobunjineli fyabo satshintsha ubomi babantu.

uluntu Industrial luphawulwa mpawu zilandelayo

• Ukuvuka.
• Xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba ongxowankulu.
• Ukuvela uluntu yabathengi.
• Ukuyilwa kwento kurhwebo lwehlabathi.
• Ukunciphisa impembelelo yeCawa ngayo ubomi babantu.
• Ukwenziwa inkcubeko abaninzi.
• Impembelelo omkhulu besayensi ubomi babantu.
• Imbonakalo iiklasi ezimbini ezintsha - oohlohlesakhe kunye sabasebenzi.
• A ukuncipha kwenani lamafama.
• Mveliso.
• Ukutshintsha Outlook yabantu (kwabanye abantu - ixabiso eliphezulu).

I-revolution industrial eYurophu

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, lonke uluntu mveliso luphawulwa mveliso. Sibala ekujikeni zamazwe Old yeHlabathi apho le nkqubo kwenzeka:

1. England - lizwe yokuqala yaseYurophu umendo inkqubela. Sele ngenkulungwane ye-16 ukuba lwasungulwa kwisiphekepheke andize injini umphunga. Wenkulungwane 17 unako ngokubanzi ngokuba kwinkulungwane lwezinto: i kaloliwe yomphunga wokuqala wenza indlela yam eManchester ukuze Liverpool. Ngowe-1837, oosonzululwazi Cook kunye Winston wadala yocingo electromagnetic.

2. France kancinci 'ezilahlekileyo "kwi ngezoshishino eNgilani ngenxa inkqubo wobukhosi. Nangona kunjalo, i-revolution ka-1789-1794 wegqitha ukutshintsha izinto: kwakukho iimoto, kwaye ayenziwa ngokufaka. 18 Century Uphuhliso ngalisayo eyolukiweyo kunye namashishini yodongwe. Inqanaba lokugqibela le ngezoshishino French - na ukuvela ngezobunjineli. UPawulos, sinokuthi France na ilizwe yesibini ukuba ukhethe indlela yobungxowankulu yophuhliso.

3. Germany kwasilela kakhulu isantya yotshintsho neyezingaphambili. uhlobo German woshishino uluntu luphawulwa imbonakalo kwiminyaka yoo-19 injini leminyaka. Ngenxa yoko, isantya kuphuhliso lwezamazhishini eJamani amandla umxhelo, yaye le lizwe ube yinkokeli eYurophu kwimveliso.

Zeziphi izinto afana ngazo yemveli yoluntu kunye nezoshishino

Ezi mpawu efanayo ziyafumaneka ukwenzela ezi iindlela ezimbini ngokwesiseko ezahlukeneyo zobomi. yemveli yoluntu mveliso kwaye lubonakala:

• ubukho ezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko;
• izixhobo amandla;
• ukungalingani kwezentlalo - ukubonwa naluphi na uhlobo nobudlelwane kwezentlalo, ngenxa yokuba bonke abantu abafani, kungakhathaliseki ubudala.

Uqoqosho komphakathi mveliso

Xa kuthelekiswa ubudlelwane agrarian zamaXesha Aphakathi, amaxesha mihla uqoqosho wachuma kakhulu.

Njengoko uqoqosho ebalasele uluntu kwezoshishino izahlule?

• imveliso mass.
• Uphuhliso kwicandelo logcino ..
• Ukuvela ngetyala.
• Ukuvela kurhwebo lwehlabathi.
• ezifa- Recycle (umz, hormone).
• Iklasi kumzabalazo sabasebenzi nxamnye oohlohlesakhe.

Imfuneko utshintsho ebalulekileyo yezoqoqosho yaba ukwahlulwa yabasebenzi, ukukhuthaza ukukhula imveliso.

kuchazwe ngokugqibeleleyo le ngezoqoqosho yaseBritani Adam Smith. Wacaphula umzekelo ngokuveliswa izikhonkwane, leyo iqondwe ngokucacileyo ukuba "division of labour" enjalo.

inkosi abanamava velisa zizonke izikhonkwane-20 ngosuku. Xa sisahlula inkqubo yemveliso kwimisebenzi ezilula, ngasinye eya ukwenza umsebenzi owahlukileyo, nemveliso uya kwandisa izihlandlo ezininzi. Ekugqibeleni, oku kwenzeka ukuba iqela labantu 10 uvelisa malunga 48 lamawaka izikhonkwane ukukhanya!

isakhiwo social

uluntu Industrial luphawulwa mpawu zilandelayo, ukutshintsha ubomi babantu bemihla ngemihla;

• enanini labantu;
• nokwandisa iminyaka ubomi;
• baby-boom (iminyaka 40-50 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.);
• ukonakala lokusingqongileyo (ukwanda kunye nophuhliso ezikhutshwayo mveliso);
• Ngokuvela uzimanye endaweni yentsapho zemveli - nabazali kunye nabantwana;
• isakhiwo elukhuni kwezentlalo;
• ukungalingani kwezentlalo phakathi kwabantu.

inkcubeko ethandwayo

Yini ephawula uluntu mveliso, ukongeza capitalism kwemizi-mveliso? inkcubeko ethandwayo: ukuba yinxalenye yalo.

Wayesoloko isantya nge revolution yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe. yokurekhoda technologies zivelile, cinema, koonomathotholo kunye namanye amajelo eendaba - bahlanganisa ezithandwa kunye nokukhethwa uninzi lwabantu.

inkcubeko Mass ilula kwaye kucacile ukuba onke amacandelo oluntu, injongo yawo - ukuba impendulo ethile iimvakalelo evela mntu. Iyilelwe ukuba ukuhlangabezana kudlule izicelo, ngokunjalo - abantu zokuzonwabisa.

Nantsi eminye imizekelo inkcubeko ethandwayo:

• iinoveli yabafazi.
• iimagazini ezenziwe.
• Bonisa.
• Amahlaya.
• Iisepha.
• Abacuphi nangeyonyani.

Uhlobo iincwadi ekubhekiselelwe kulo kumhlathi wokugqibela, ngokwesiko lithathwa inkcubeko ethandwayo. Kodwa izazinzulu ezithile zentlalo musa uyayixhasa le mbono. Umzekelo, "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes" - uthotho amabali kwakho, ebhalwe ngolwimi zobugcisa abe neentsingiselo ezininzi. Kodwa ke incwadi Aleksandry Marininoy unako ngokukhuselekileyo kunganxulunyaniswa inkcubeko ngobuninzi - kulula ukufunda onesiyilo ecacileyo.

Ziziphi uhlobo loluntu siphila

lwezazi Western ziye zaziswa into efana ulwazi (post-mveliso) uluntu. Amaxabiso zakhe ulwazi, uphuhliso lolwazi nobuchwepheshe, ukhuseleko lwabantu kunye anyamekele indlu yethu enkulu - umhlaba eliluhlaza emangalisayo.

Eneneni, ebomini bethu kudlala indima yokuba ulwazi kunye neenkcukacha ubugcisa ezichatshazelwe phantse wonke umntu.

Kodwa ke, nangona oku, ishishini iyaqhubeka ukusebenza, umatshini yokubopha zepetroli neetapile bobabini waqokelela kwiminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo, ekwindla yaye ukuvunwa. Industrial uhlobo oluntu, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, iphawulwa njengexesha shishino. Ukuvuna zamazambane - na ezolimo, ezivele kumaxesha amandulo.

Ngoko ke, isihloko era yanamhlanje ngayo "-mveliso post" - a ucaphulo omhle. Ngoko kusengqiqweni ukubhekisela kuluntu lwethu kunye iimpawu industrial inkcazelo.

uluntu Industrial iphawulwa linani obafunyanwa luncedo kunye utyelelo umntu Cosmos.

Ebibekiwe umhla ulwazi iimpahla omkhulu; enye into kukuba noba ukuya ukuze kuzuze uluntu kunye nomonakalo. Siyathemba ukuba lo mntu uza kuba ngokwaneleyo ukusebenzisa sengqiqweni isakhono ezingasetyenziswanga ulwazi kwicala elifanelekileyo.