Kokulawula umsebenzi karhulumente, umthetho nonqulo. imigangatho yolawulo

kukho imithetho emininzi eyahlukileyo yokuziphatha zonke kuluntu - i nabalawuli yobudlelwane phakathi kwamalungu ayo. Nkqu nisaqala zophuhliso lwabasebenzi, oko kukuthi, kuluntu likumgangatho ophantsi, intsebenziswano yabantu lulawulwa inkqubo mononorm. Ezi ziquka izithethe ezahlukeneyo, iintsomi, amasiko, inyala, izibhambathiso njalo njalo. D. Oku ngoncedo azo kubahlali kuthwalelwa phandle ekuthiwa-yokulawula umsebenzi. Ngophuhliso loluntu ukuze endaweni mononormam kwafika ulawulo nobunzima kakhulu, nto leyo yahlulwe amaqela aphambili amathathu, angala:

• kwezentlalo;
• engineering;
• zendalo.

Hi ndlela leyi, lo wesithathu, oko ngokwemvelo, abelwe kuphela ncwadi yomthetho. Kweli nqaku Ndiya kuhamba ngayo nabalawuli zentlalo kuphela, okt imithetho kuhlenga nokuququzelela ukuziphatha onke amalungu oluntu kwiinkalo ezahlukileyo zobomi babo. Kusenokubakho zomthetho, ukuziphatha, yenkcubeko, imigangatho yolawulo. Kuba nganye yezi ntlobo, bona kamva kweli nqaku.

lawulo lwentlalo

Kuluntu, ukuziphatha kwabantu bakaThixo ngokunxulumene enye kwenye ngenxa impembelelo ethile ngakwicala eluntwini. Le mithetho lwentlalo. It lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe imbangela kunye normative, kwaye yokuqala luchaphazela na lonke uluntu, njengoko kwi ummiselo, yaye umntu othile okanye iqela.

njani na ummiselo loluntu? Ukuze wenze oku, sele ziphuhlisiwe iindlela ezizodwa ekuhlaleni. Zezona imigangatho yolawulo. Ezi ziquka, okokuqala, ilungelo siyasebenza. Le nkqubo inyanzelekile ukuba onke amalungu oluntu imithetho ngokusesikweni ethile yokuziphatha. Olunye uhlobo izithethe zolawulo na isiko, kuba le mithetho yokuziphatha, ephuhlisa ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye zisekelwe kumava obomi iqela kunokuba elikhulu labantu. Ngelo xesha linye yenziwa ngaphandle naluphi na uhlobo yesinyanzelo, oko kukuthi, mhlawumbi ngokuzithandela okanye amandla mkhwa. Uhlobo elilandelayo imigangatho yolawulo nesimilo. Le uluhlu lwemithetho yokuziphatha esekelwe ingqikelelo okulungileyo nokubi; okulungileyo nokubi, okulungileyo nokubi, njalo njalo. D. Bathi ezikhoyo ezingqondweni kuluntu yaye exhaswa izimvo zoluntu, oko kukuthi, imiqathango ukulahlwa yoluntu.

Nokuziphatha siqu (ukuqiniseka engaphakathi ngamnye) kunye noluntu - eyamkelwe amalungu oluntu. Le nowolawulo kwakhona olwenziwe izithethe zonqulo. Yiyo leyo imithetho yokuziphatha ukuba zisekelwe inkolelo angaphezu kwendalo. Bona exhaswa yi ithemba sonwabe, okanye uloyiko lwempindezelo, isohlwayo kokufa.

Njani umsebenzi zomthetho kweli hlabathi lokuqala?

Upela, iintsomi, amasiko, inyala, izithethe, izifungo, izifungo, njl - .. Zonke iintlobo zokuziphatha zolawulo zokuhlala abantu bamandulo. Ngokusebenzisa iintsomi kunye namabali ukuba sikhupha ulwazi malunga yokuziphatha efunekayo okanye esalelweyo. Eli libali okulungileyo nokubi, yaye idla ngokuba yinxenye ukuziphatha kubonakala ngathi feat kwaye ixhomekeke ukuyilandela.

Amasiko - oko kukuthi, ulwazi malunga kwizizukulwana zangaphambili sobomi kuyafundisa ngokwendalo kwaye udlule abadala omncane. Ke ukuba kwenziwe, esi senzo, enxibe bemiqondiso kunye ngokuzithandela, ngenxa yobugcisa, ezenziwa ngabantu ngendlela ethile.

Yintoni wanika abantu ukuvela ithi?

Ukuqala kwimbali lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu kuthathwa ukuba ukuyilwa iphambili kuluntu abantu abathi umbutho wakhumbuza Organization for Animal (emfutshane, neenkomo, njalo njalo. D.). Ngenxa ukuvela ithi yokuqala kubomi babantu kubekho iinguqu ezibalulekileyo: umsebenzi yolawulo karhulumente kunye neendlela zayo kwiinkalo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwezo ezigqubayo eluntwini lokuqala. Kakade ke, yena waqhubeka liqulathe ubudlelwane ezikhoyo ekuhlaleni, kodwa injongo yayo engundoqo akazange kuphela kolawulo lwabo, kodwa olunzulu zophuhliso.

Olwenziwe ngurhulumente regulatory umsebenzi kubandakanywa imisebenzi kwezentlalo, kwezoqoqosho, kwinkcubeko kunye inter-karhulumente. Oku kuthetha ukuba eyona njongo zombini umbutho yemveliso zentlalo (uqoqosho), kwaye adale iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze yokusekwa nophuhliso epheleleyo mntu eluntwini, kwakunye ukuvela yolwalamano phakathi karhulumente.

Le ngcamango ukuchumisa umthetho karhulumente

Ukongeza kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela ngokwemimiselo yomthetho, ukuziphatha, inkcubeko kunye neyenkolo, yaye ngoncedo apho kwenziwa umsebenzi yolawulo eluntwini. Nganye kwezi ntlobo na ezichaphazela yayo. Okokuqala ndifuna ukutyhila undoqo yokuhlala ngokusemthethweni. Phantsi lo mba kufuneka uqonde ifuthe, ezijolise unxibelelwano noluntu kwaye injongo nokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa ezithile ezifana nomthetho elilawulayo. Bona ukuchaza izibophelelo zomthetho kunye luluvo kunye namalungelo zifundo kunye nemiqathango amanyathelo zabo kunye nenkangeleko. Ngalinye le migangatho buchaphazela ingqondo kunye nentando yomntu, yaye ngoncedo lwabo ukulawula ukuziphatha kwalo. Ngokufutshane, nowolawulo lwenziwa yi ekunene Kuqhelekile ukuba yonke imithetho. Baya kuza ngeendlela ezininzi:

• Kudityaniswa, oko kukuthi, abo Zifuna ukuba kubekho abemi ukwenza iintshukumo ezithile ezilungileyo.
• Prohibitory, ezi imilinganiselo ibonisa inadmissibility of dekstvy ethile.
• Igunya. Balinqabisa for Human Rights ukwenza iintshukumo ezithile, ezichaza umda amagunya ayo.

Noko ke, ngamnye nemigangatho kwenziwa nayiphi na kwezi mpawu ezintathu. Kwaye oko kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile. Ezinye ulawulo yolawulo yomthetho ukudibanisa iimpawu ezininzi ezi mpawu. Umzekelo, ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho kungathathwa nje umsebenzi yaye ilungelo umntu oqhuba uphando. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuhlalutya imiqathango isenzo esithile ngokuchanekileyo.

Ingqalo iintlobo ezimbini imigangatho yolawulo asemthethweni, oko kukuthi, ukuba ithintele kwaye siyabophelela, inegunya. Oku kuthetha ukuba non-isidima. Kodwa ke imithetho Uhlobo Okwesithathu, ligunyazisa, kwiimeko ezininzi, sele dispositive, kwaye uvumele ehambelana kunye ukuziphatha iqabane norm yomamkeli. Hi ndlela leyi, kwimihlaba efanayo ziyakwazi ukuchongeka, kunye nezinye iintlobo kwemimiselo yezomthetho, ezizezi ungayikhetha kunye nokuncoma.

Kukwakho lwemeko, kokuqwalasela umamkeli ngokungqinelana nemeko ethile, yaye ezinye, ukunika ithuba lokukhetha evela iinketho eziliqela, echazwe isenzo emisiweyo. Le nowolawulo mthetho nalo kwenziwa nemigangatho yenkuthazo. osemqoka zazo eziphambili kukuba kuba nempembelelo entle yokuziphatha kwabantu yenkuthazo, ukwayo. Ngokufutshane, ngokuchasene nembono yabaninzi, ulawulo lomthetho ayikwazi kuphela isabhokhwe, kodwa iikherothi.

isigaba yokuhlala esemthethweni

Njengayo nayiphi na inkqubo, ummiselo osemthethweni yohlulwe ezifunekayo kunye amanyathelo. Le yokugqibela ziquka ulwazi imfuneko ukumisela ulawulo lomthetho, kulandelwa inkqubo yokudala le migangatho, Isigaba sesithathu - ukuvela amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi kwizifundo ezithile, yaye le yokugqibela - umkhuba Kukuqonda lwamalungelo luluvo imithwalo yezomthetho. Njengoko ngezi zinto, ziyangqinelana amanyathelo zingentla:

• kwengalo yomthetho;
• umxholo imithetho yokuziphatha;
• ukumisela amanyathelo ukuphendula (ngokomthetho) ukwenzela ukuphula imithetho ethile;
• ubudlelwane (ezivele ngenxa yomthetho ekhoyo kwaye intshukumo real);
• Izenzo nokufezekisa uxanduva yezomthetho kunye namalungelo.

Isimilo kunye umsebenzi wayo ezilawulayo

A indima enkulu lokuqulunqa nokuphuhlisa osezingqondweni ngamnye kunye nezentlalo udlala umsebenzi yezemfundo, oluqhutywa ngokusebenzisa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Xa umntu iphuhlisa ngamava yokuziphatha, ngeendlela iimpawu yokuziphatha nemfundo kunye ukweyisela akhiwa yakhe ingqondo, iimvakalelo, imikhwa, ukukwazi ukuziphatha kakuhle kunye nemfundo-self, kukho, Kakade, esebenza nowolawulo yokuziphatha. It ikhutshwa phandle imigaqo ekhoyo loluntu yokuziphatha, unxibelelwano njalo njalo. D. Ngendlela, owokugqibela yenye yeendlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ummiselo yokuziphatha.

Unxibelelwano lenza umsebenzi yokunxibelelanisa, Nguwo lowo umqondiso kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye ukudluliselwa kolwazi kwenzeka ngenxa kuyo kumanqanaba zokuqala zophuhliso lwabasebenzi. Ngokufutshane, nowolawulo yokuziphatha ngokuyintloko eyenziwa yi boqhagamshelwano. Ngenxa kuye, phakathi kwamalungu uluntu ngokwenene ubuhlobo babantu kwakheka. Unxibelelwano kuyimfuneko ukuba ngabantu, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa usasazeko omnye okanye enye inkcazelo ebalulekileyo, kodwa kwakhona ukufumana eninzi iimvakalelo ezakhayo, ndavuyiswa le zonxibelelwano. Ukuba abantu imithetho zonxibelelwano, oko likuvumela ukuba wenze unxibelelwano kamnandi ngakumbi ukuze kuncedakale abantu.

Iintlobo kunye nemisebenzi zonxibelelwano

Le ndoda - sisidalwa lwentlalo. Uhlala kwiimeko yentsebenziswano nabantu. Ngaphandle unxibelelwano unxibelelwano Social akwenzeki. Kuyinto oluthile ethile yentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu kunye nentsingiselo yazo emphakathini ukugqithiselwa amava oluntu kunye neentlobo inkcubeko ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye. Umntwana iqala ukuthetha, lube ubuntu abazi kuphela kwinkqubo yokunxibelelana nabantu abadala, abanamava. Ngaphandle koku, akuyi kwenzeka ukuyilwa psyche yoluntu kunye seengcamango. Ngokuqinisekileyo wonke ukhumbula umlinganiswa incwadi Mowgli Kipling kaThixo, owathi, ukuba pack ingcuka, ihleli phezu kwinqanaba izilwanyana.

Zeziphi iintlobo kunye nemisebenzi unxibelelwano apho? Okokuqala, oko icala yokunxibelelanisa, nto leyo ukutshintshisana ngolwazi phakathi kwabantu; okwesibini, yinto iqela interactive okhuthaza uququzelelo kunye nombutho leendibano nabanye abantu; Okwesithathu, akukho icala labona, nto leyo inceda amahlakani ukuseka ubudlelwane lwentembeko nokufikelela ukuqonda kunye nabanye. Kwaye kukwangokusebenzisa ukufunda nxibelelwano luqhubekayo phakathi kwabo.

izenzo Regulatory jikelele zemfundo

Oko wakhula, waphuma ubuntu umntwana, akwazi ukuba nenxaxheba ubudlelwane obushushu phakathi kwayo nabanye basebenzisane kunye nokusingqongileyo ivela kwasebusaneni ukufunda ukuba umntu njengelungu lombutho woluntu. Ulwazi lokuqala ukuba, Kakade ke, ufumana entsatsheni, ngoko ungena iqela labantwana (abancinane, isikolo) apho kufanelekileyo regulatory ACU (iintshukumo zemfundo jikelele). Ukongeza kweli nqaku siza kuzama ukutyhila ubuntu babo baze baqonde ukuba yintoni abamele.

Lo gama kukho obanzi zibhekiselela kukukwazi ukufunda self-uphuhliso, ngokuhlawulela esazi ngokuyinika nolwazi olutsha kunye namava kwezentlalo. Kodwa ngengqiqo emxinwa ye-ECU - yiseti izakhono kunye neendlela yokwenza umfundi ukuba amncede ngokuzimeleyo ukufumana ulwazi olutsha, ukuba kakuhle izakhono ezingaqhelekanga kwaye ngobuchule alungiselele inkqubo. Ngokufutshane, i-ACU ezilawulayo ukunikeza ukulungisa kunye ummiselo umsebenzi wokufundisa. Ezi ziquka:

• ukumiselwa kweenjongo;
• isicwangciso;
• ukugxila;
• izilungiso;
• nokuhlola;
• autoregulation et al.

inyathelo Regulatory - ezi ulwazi kunye nezakhono ukuba abafundi kufuneka bafunde yonke indlela eya ekupheleni esikolweni.

Inkolo kunye Ukuziphatha

Kweli candelo, siza kuqhubeka kunye nokuqaliswa kwenkqubo ummiselo lwentlalo. Eli xesha siza kujolisa unqulo kunye nemisebenzi yayo yolawulo. Kuqala kwinto zonke, cinga indlela ngokwenzululwazi ingqiqo kukuthi ngentetho evakalayo. Inkolo - kuba kwiziko loluntu, nto leyo libambe indawo ebalulekileyo uluntu kunye nesakhiwo sayo. Kusebenza uhlobo lokuqonda koluntu kwaye ivakalisa iingcinga ezithile, xa elawula ubudlelwane oluntu kunye nabanye. Ezi iingcamango khona njenge inkqubo ngendlela eyahlukileyo yokuziphatha kunye nezithethe ezivelayo ekwimo imiyalelo kaThixo. Xa ilizwi, othembekileyo, ukulandela imiyalelo kaThixo, ukuba nikhumke kulo ikhomishini amatyala athile kwaye ulwaphulo-mthetho, kuba eziqhutywa kukoyika sisohlwayo benzeke, kwakunye inkolelo ukuba izenzo zabo zonke ijonga 'iliso elibukhali ".

Le nowolawulo unqulo lusekelwe phezu imithetho ekhethekile yokuziphatha lwentlalo, nto leyo echaphazela nkqu amanqwanqwa ngokunzulu ubomi babantu, ezifana nokutya kunye ngesondo.

Inkcubeko, njengenye yeendlela yommiselo lwentlalo

Inkcubeko - le nto eyenza umntu kwizilwanyana. Ngokungafaniyo nabazalwana babo, abantu musa nje siphila kwimeko yabo, kodwa ngenjongo ukuyitshintsha. Ngenxa yezi nguqu kukho iimbono ezahlukeneyo, iisimboli kunye neemfundiso - ihlabathi ngumntu kuthiwa-eliphikisa ihlabathi bayancokola, ukuba indalo. Ezi nqobo zisemgangathweni zidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana kuphela kwinkqubo ndikhuliswe kunye nemfundo. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkcubeko, ezifana nomthetho kunye nokuziphatha, kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ummiselo yonxulumano loluntu.

Le nowolawulo inkcubeko ukwakha indlela yokuziphatha ngokusebenzisa iziphumo iinjongo zabo, amasiko kunye neemfundiso, kunye nendlela yokuziphatha. Ngokufutshane, inkcubeko sisondela ukujikeleza lo mntu noluntu luphela, inkqubo-sikhokelo apho abantu kufuneka ukuba zisebenze. Ngokusebenzisa inkcubeko ilawulwa ubudlelwane phakathi kwamalungu entsapho kubahlali besikolo,, phakathi abasebenzi inkampani njalo njalo. D.

isiphelo

Kweli nqaku poporobovat zityhila intsingiselo yintoni na nowolawulo karhulumente. Njengoko sele sibonile, lo msebenzi ejoliswe ekuphuhlisweni kobudlelwane ekhoyo kwezoqoqosho, ezomthetho kunye nezentlalo.