KrAZ-255 - ezizodwa zobugcisa. Kremenchug Automobile Plant

Wenkulungwane sokugqibela ngeendlela ezininzi asiloxesha kwimbali yoluntu. Kwakukho iimfazwe, kwaye sifo ezintsha ezibulalayo, kwabakho ukwahlukana lamazwe nemida welali ... Kodwa Kwathi ngelo xesha utshabalalisa okulungileyo okuninzi. Yiya kuhlala ngokulula ziquka uninzi ezifunyaniswe zizazinzulu nezi luncedo.

Ukongeza, nokugqama ubuchwepheshe ezenzeka ngethuba lenguqu ukuya kuluntu post-mveliso, yachukumisa ishishini leemoto, kwaye kuwo onke amazwe. Kuba Russia, yaye ngelo xesha eSoviet Union yaba lixesha elungileyo kule nkalo zembali. Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi le moto KrAZ-255.

Yintoni eza kuxutyushwa?

Isihloko incoko, njengoko sele kuqondwe ukusuka intshayelelo encinane, uya le moto. Le isithuthi truck-yokubona - into lenkundla ngokwenene sinokuthi kushishino Milepost yonke lweemoto kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.

Ngokwenene, KrAZ- imoto "laptezhnik," njengoko kuthiwa abaqhubi, wayephakathi iilori zithandwa a lizwe ezinjengezo eSoviet Union zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini emva kwexesha. Kwentswelo kuyo ukuba kwakukho, oko rhoqo yalungiswa iinjineli. Enyanisweni, yaye kwakukho olu guqulelo zonke-ngengingqi isithuthi. Ngaphambili kukhululwa ezinye iimodeli, kodwa ekugqibeleni zonke yajika yaba kwabo matshini, nto leyo namhlanje zifumaneka endleleni, nangona ukukhululwa yabo kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye ayisa igcinwe.

lemveli

Kuba ngexesha layo, imodeli ezimakhulu mabini kwaye nane kakhulu elungileyo - ukumelana noxanduva lwabo, kwaye kwakunzima ngokwaneleyo. Kodwa gqira ngoxa waxwilwa, oku ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo imoto enkulu. Imfuneko maxesha akukho nje esondeleyo esekude, kodwa ngokoqobo axhonywe emoyeni.

Ezi iilori KrAz ayengohlukanga kakhulu omnye komnye. Ngeliphandle, ukwahlula imodeli kolunye kwenzeka kuphela ngokubanzi iminqwazi. Noko ke, ukulungisa kuye, yaye nzulu utshintshe kuyilo imoto.

ukuzaliswa Internal latshintshelwa komyalelo, ngokuchaseneyo kuguqulelo lokugqibela. Ngoko ke, lo imoto ilori KrAZ-255 yaye waba 'ukumkani endleleni. " Wavuma ukuba bonke abaqhubi, nokuba bakubiza kwincoko yemihla ngemihla nje "laptezhnikom". Kunjalo, imifuziselo bade unyaka-mane ubudala nangoku zinokusetyenziswa ico, kunye nakwamanye amazwe. Oku kuthetha kuphela kwemveliso esemgangathweni ophezulu.

The main iparameters

Kremenchug Automobile Plant likhuphe bekuthi koomatshini ezinjalo. Bonke bephela, kwenziwe ngokususela imodeli 214-th yaye babeqhuba kumashishini emininzi iminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe.

Ukuthetha malunga izixhobo kufuneka uqale nge injini diesel. Uyilo, eyasetyenziswa apha, kuthiwa YaMZ-238. Linamandla ngokwaneleyo, kodwa ke ngelo xesha iyunithi enye iindleko-olusebenzayo.

Wide-isondo, esele weza phambi kokuba, kuba ngokwenene KrAZ-255B.

Wayefuna ikakhulu ngenxa nothutho nemithwalo eyahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, le lula ekhwele ezimagqagala namageduka kuphela wongezelela iimpawu. Kugcine kusetyenziswa ngamaziko oluntu ezininzi, ndathi uguqulelo ezithile, ngokukodwa tsolo yi injongo enye.

Ndlwana, oko mayixhotyiswe imodeli, kwenziwa ngokususela kwiplanga, Bathiwe wambu iphepha metal. Nezipili ezisetyenziswayo uqine ngokwaneleyo ukumelana koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ngaphakathi ngokukhululekileyo indawo abantu abathathu.

KrAZ-255 - yokusebenza injini

Chaza KrAZ kunokuba kakhulu elide. Imfuneko ukuqala kunye iinkcukacha ngesakhiwo, nto leyo ebangela kule ayisosakhiwo ihamba.

Ngokwendalo, le injini. Kodwa hayi nje abanye, yaye ezimilise V-, njengesilinda-anesibhozo. Amandla zonke idizili kunye amafutha, ingakumbi ubukhulu kumatshini, waye ephantsi kakhulu. Nganye iseti cylinder baxhotyiswa semigudu ezimbini, nelenyuse amandla iyonke.

Le yokugqibela yi nani onomtsalane ezimakhulu mabini kunye enjini ezilishumi ngo-2100 rpm. Torque nalo kakhulu umxhelo - 90 kg / m, ethatha neziphithiphithi eziliwaka ngomzuzu. Umlinganiselo ucinezelo yi - elinesithandathu enesiqingatha, kwaye umthamo enama - phantse elishumi elinesihlanu iilitha.

ukumiswa

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo ngokulinganayo emotweni ngaphezu injini. KrAZ-255 baxhotyiswa zombini ngaphambili kunye nokumiswa diff. Baye wenza kancinci, nto leyo kakhulu ubhalo, banikwa ubunzima kunye nomlinganiselo, ukuba basebenze.

Ukunqunyanyiswa phambi luyenziwa besebenzisa imithombo ezimbini longitudinal semi-okweqanda. Lwakutsha nje nee-isibini eyongezelelweyo kabini-acting absorbers kukothuka. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ekunene, kwaye kubunzulu baphantsi komhlaba kunye owawusisibonakude.

Ukurhoxiswa diff, yena, lusekelwe imithombo efanayo ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko apha, yaye liphela kweentonga torque ezintandathu.

Bamba kunye Transmission

Kremenchug imoto mveliso wasebenzisa ekubanjisweni kwiklasi enye naleyo ye-injini, okt YaMZ-238. Uyilo yayisekelwe IiCD ezimbini uhlobo owomileyo imithombo multi-cylinder ucinezelo.

Nawo ebizwa YaMZ-236N, iimpawu zaso, labekwa njenge-linyathelo ezintlanu kunye nendlela ezintathu. Apha ndisebenze inkqubo yothethathethwano rhoqo, Kakade ke, kungabandakanywa amagiya kuqala reverse. Kwakhona ukukhankanywa into ezixabisa ubukho synchronizers kwi yokutshintsha ukusuka yesibini ukuya yesithathu ukusuka yesine isantya wesihlanu.

Driveline nokudlulisa icala

Le yokuqala ezakhiwe driveshafts ezintlanu yonke. Indlela bya inkxaso intermediate. Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo yonke womelela ngokwaneleyo kwaye ngaxeshanye lula ukuba idibane. Isetyenziswa ekuveliseni emigodini ezivulekileyo kuphela.

Okwesibini, nayo, waphawulwa njenge mechanical eqongeni-anababini. Kufuneka kwakhona uqaphele ukuba kukho umahluko iziko le bogie angasemva. Ngesi sixhobo ezi PTO waye ivuliwe umva sokutsala into ngentambo kunye nezinye attachments.

imizila

Uyilo ukusetyenziswa ezintathu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba mgangathweni ngokungqinelana iinkcukacha eziphambili. Nganye yala madoda yafakwa unit yayo igiya lakhe. Semiaxis wapha ngokupheleleyo.

Kuzo zonke iibhulorho phambili edulusele ngaphandle. Lixhotyiswe yindlela eyongezelelweyo. Le yokugqibela i nezidibanisi Velocity rhoqo. Abaqhubi bazi ukuba ngoncedo lwabo, lo torque luyasuka ukuba amavili drive ukwandisa uphume ngexesha cornering.

Isakhiwo yesibini kwebhulorho wenza utshintsho. Ngoko ke, nanku kukho indawo ngayo. Oku kusetyenziswa inkxaso ukwenzela ukuba ufake kakuhle bendiza oluthi le asi angasemva.

izixhobo ozikhethela

Ngaphandle konke oku kungasentla, kufuneka kuqatshelwe kwezinye iindawo ezininzi. KrAZ-255 ngaphandle nje ukuba ayinakuba khona.

Okokuqala kumayelana imbawula iiplagi ze-injini, kwakunye noxinzelelo inkqubo yolawulo esembindini kwamatayara. Yaba uphawu lweminye aqhotyoshelwe ulungiso ezithile evenini, bonke-terrain isithuthi, kodwa akukho kubaluleke kangaka.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqaphela ngokukodwa ibhasi, sithetha ngayo owabakhoyo ngaphezu kanye ngaphambili. imilinganiso zabo gqitha - 1300h530h533 mm. Ngenxa yokuba uyilo ubandakanya ukusetyenziswa nje ezintandathu amavili, zako ingongoma ebalulekileyo.

Enye kukuthi amagama ambalwa malunga ibhetri. Bona asetyenziswa nje ezimbini, oko kusengqiqweni, banikwe ubungakanani matshini. Uthotho ezi zixhobo njengoko kubonisiwe ngokuqaba 6ST-182EM.

Amacala KrAZ-255

Kufuneka kwakhona uxoxe kunye nobungakanani le moto enkulu. Eneneni, oko imigama isakhiwo omhle ukuba kufuneka athathe ingqalelo zombini xa uqhuba kwaye xa uthenga amathuba.

Ubude kancinane iziimitha ezisibhozo kunye nesiqingatha phezu. Ngokucace kakhulu, iimitha 8 cm 64,5. Ububanzi mshini mikhulu - kwiimitha ezimbini kunye neekota ezintathu. Ubude, ngasendleleni - kakhulu njengomlinganiso ekhethekileyo ilori, njengoko kukho uthi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo - dimensions cabin, okanye epheleleyo, kunye ngumthunzi. Apha, inqaku yokuqala iya kuba kwiimitha amabini, anamanci asithoba-ezine iisentimitha, kwaye eyesibini, ngokulandelelana, eziimitha ezintathu elinesihlanu cm.

Ngenxa imithetho engqongqo yendlela iilori, abo baza kuthenga KrAZ, kufuneka ucinge kabini, kwaye ngenyameko funda amaxwebhu. Ezinye iindlela ziya kuba ingabonakali, nto leyo idala iingxaki ezingeyomfuneko.

kokulungiswa eyaziwa

Ekuthe qatha kancinane ngaphambili. Abaninzi inkundla iyalele iimoto ezikhethekileyo ukuze zilungele iimfuno zakho. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba 255B imodeli lifumene kakhulu kakuhle, asikuko kuphela apho zifumaneka kwindlela nanamhlanje.

Okokuqala kufuneka athi malunga nokuphuculwa wezo matshini. Kufunyenwe 255B1 elifihlakeleyo. Eneneni, lonke utshintsho kule nkqubo unyathela. wazaphula actuator wenza ngokwahlukileyo, nto leyo kwabonakala kulungile ukuba ndilutyale iinjineli. Ngoko ke ngenene. Emva 1979, isityalo Kremenchug wavelisa kanye kwabo.

Kwakhona, imodeli KrAZ eyaziwa abaliqela 255V - itrektara. Lona, njengoko unokuthekelela, kuba ukuthutha imithwalo ezinkulu erhuqwayo. ubunzima lokugqibela ukufikelela iitoni ezingamashumi amabini anesithandathu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu kwe mzobo sele iyamangalisa kude.

KrAZ-255D imveliso mass ayizange ngokusesikweni. Oku kwakhona itrektara ilori, ukusebenza kuphela trailer ethile. AMAGQABAZA ▸ ndavavanywa, kodwa izikhombisi azikho phezulu ukuya kwinqanaba elifunekayo.

Ngaxa lithile, baba kakhulu zithandwa KrAZ-255L, ie amaplanga. Ezahlukeneyo evela kwabanye, azinabo isixokelelwano ukunyenyisa xi amathayara, kodwa ithe yalungiselelwa ukuba ukusebenza kunye ezahlukeneyo ezirhuqwayo ngamanyala.

Ukongeza, kukho omnye nenguqulo iqhekeza, sinokuthi imveliso. 256B1-030 kukhululwa yaba ziziqwenga elinesibhozo kuphela, yaye yenzelwe ukuba basebenze kwindawo imisebe ehlabathini iChernobyl amandla enyukliya. Kuba eyimveliso izinto ezithile ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezifana yepeyinti njengekristale. Emva kokuba inkonzo, sangcwatywa kwi amangcwaba lwemitha.

isiphelo

A mazwi okugqibela ambalwa kwabo bafuna ukuthenga ezi zithuthi. Okokuqala, ukulungisa KrAZ kunokuba kuwe uvavanyo lokwenene. Into yokuba iindlela ezintsha zokusebenza hayi kangako. Ngenxa ukufumana into eza kuba imali eninzi kakhulu. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi ababambeleyo akukhuselekanga kakhulu ngenxa yokuba abasentolongweni, phantsi kwezinye iindlela. Lo matshini efanayo kakhulu emke kwimveliso iminyaka engaphezu kwama-10 eyadlulayo.

iindleko

Yintoni emotweni yasekhaya KrAZ-255 ixabiso? Le umba sinzima kakhulu. imveliso Series phezu ixesha elide, nto leyo ethetha ukuba xa ukufunyanwa, kwaba kuphela b / a imoto. Kodwa apha, yonke into iya kuxhomekeka kurhulumente. Kwi-avareji, ukuthenga liya kukudla malini na ezintlanu ukuya asibhozo amawaka eerandi.

Ngoko ke, sibonile ukuba yeyiphi na imoto yasekhaya KrAZ zobugcisa iinkcukacha, imilinganiselo kunye nexabiso.