Kutheni amagqabi aluhlaza? Kutheni kufuneka oko?

Izityalo - enye yezikumkani ezintlanu eziphilayo emhlabeni wethu. Basonta eukaryotes, okt bantu abo iiseli ziqulathe nucleus.

Ubume kwisityalo

Iiplastiki kwiseli enye okanye multicellular. ZifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe yahlulwe yangamacandelo ezifana oluhlaza, omdaka kunye nezithombo ebomvu, ibihlungu, gymnosperms kunye angiosperms. umzimba ulwelwe ingaba ziingxaki anazo kwiseli enye, nokuba baninzi, kodwa kubume akukho imizimba, umzimba isiqina - kuthiwa thallus. Xa ibihlungu, gymnosperms kunye angiosperms (izityalo eneentyatyambo) waphawula ubukho izicwili neenkalo kunye namaziko. Lwakutsha nje yahlulwe kwezityalo kunye okuzala. Owayesakuba ibhekisela Escape (isiqu namagqabi) kunye ingcambu. Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza, "Kutheni amagqabi aluhlaza," Kutheni le umbala? Kwakhona, abantwana abaninzi babuza umbuzo othi: "Kutheni na amagqabi aluhlaza?" Kwaye eli nqaku siza kuqala nale sihloko.

Kutheni amagqabi aluhlaza?

Lo mbala kungenxa kubukho ngokuba yiklorofili. Xa ekwindla ka kombala ilahlekile iphepha eluhlaza iguqulelwa ebomvu,-orenji okanye omthubi. Kutheni ufuna le nto? Kuyinto nje kubalulekile ukuba izityalo. Ngaphandle kokuba ayikwazi ukuqhubeka inkqubo yefotosinthesis ngayo bagqibileyo izondlo. izityalo iikhemikhali Organic zidla zifumaneka kuphela kule nkqubo. Noko ke, ezinye iintlobo ezihlala kwiingcamba asezantsi elinemvula, musa ukufumana ukukhanya ngokwaneleyo kwifotosinthesis ngokupheleleyo, ngoko babhenela kuzingela izinambuzane ezincinane, ngaloo ndlela uyamelana ukungabikho oganikhi khompawundi. Ezi ziquka sundew, Slipper nenekazi njalo njalo. D.

Ngokufutshane malunga isakhiwo weseli zezityalo

Luquka ezi inwebu plasma, iseli udonga lo kwincindi, ukuba kukho icytoplasm, equlethe organelles kunye kwahlelwa ukuba DNA. Le kukho icytoplasm iqulethe organelles hlobo: mitochondria, ribosomes, reticulum endoplasmic, vacuole (endlwaneni endala - enye enkulu, kwi abaselula - a ezimbalwa), i-complex Golgi, kunye plastids (chloroplasts, leucoplasts, chromoplasts). Ngamnye kubo lenza wayo umsebenzi. Mitochondria ukuvelisa amandla, ribosomes nokulungelelanisa iiproteni reticulum endoplasmic (reticulum) yenza vacuoles lipid ukuqokelela izinto okungafunekiyo abakhokele ngaphandle iseli eludongeni eqinileyo akunakwenzeka chloroplasts udlula inkqubo yiphotosynthesis, chromoplasts ziqulathe zombala, leucoplasts izondlo reserve egcinwe ( ngesiseko, le starch).

Njani photosynthesis?

Le nkqubo kwenziwa chloroplasts, leyo ibekwe kukho icytoplasm. Ezi organelles ke odnomembrannymi kubume kuquka thylakoids - zizixwexwe abayiqokeleleyo ubuso - le mfumba. Oko kubo kwaye ziqulathe yiklorofili - nto leyo amagqabi kutheni eluhlaza. Ngaphezu koko, chloroplasts ziqulathe ribosomes, inxaxheba ekuqulunqweni iiprothini, wesitatshi granule, kwakunye setyhula DNA, apho ulwazi irekhodwa izinto eziza kuhlanganiswa kwiseli. Xa inkqubo photosynthesis, izityalo lokunciphisa elanga eneji, amanzi kunye necarbon dioxide zize zikhuphe umoya ibe ngu-kwimveliso ngayo. Enzayim ukunceda ukwenza unxibelelwano yamachiza ngqo kwi matrix chloroplast (into ukugcwalisa).

Yintoni le nkqubo ibandakanya amagqabi?

Le umzimba ukwazi ukubona iintlobo ezininzi esiqwini sesityalo, zine. Le esingaphandle, mesophyll, eqhuba izicwili (xylem kunye phloem), kunye izicwili ngoomatshini. IFotosinthesisi kwenzeka ngqo kwi mesophyll, okanye parenchyma. Uyakwazi ukubona iiseli igqabi eliluhlaza ngemicroscope. Le ibhola eliphezulu - sangaphandle. Iiseli kwakulindeleke amalungiselelo ngokusondeleyo omnye komnye, kodwa lo maleko iqulethe pores evumela ukuba icarbon dioxide, ndimkhulule ioksijini, kunye nokulawula imali amanzi kunye nobushushu. Parenchyma (mesophyll) yahlulwe iileya ezimbini - enye iiseli columnar, enye - of ilula. Kwindawo eyayisakuba uqulathe inani elikhulu chloroplasts ngaphezu elinesibini. iimpahla Xylem ezilungiselelwa apho ulwelo nakwesiphi ukusuka kweengcambu amagqabi, ngamanye phezulu kwaye phloem sitopodobnyh iquka ngemibhobho apho amanzi ithuthwa phantsi. Iphepha Mechanical lolwabo zibonelela ngqongqo kunye nozinzo, imilo ethile.