Kutheni amaqabunga eidiliya emile? Amabala kumaqabunga amagilebhisi

Amagilebhisi isipho sangempela semvelo, igumbi lokugcina iivithamini kunye neemaminerali, ezibaluleke kakhulu kumzimba womntu. Abaninzi bemiyezo yegadi bayabandakanyeka ekuhlaleni le berry yezempilo, nangona oku kungelula. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iinkalo ezininzi kunye neempawu ezithandayo ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwezidiliya, kwaye zijonge ngenyameko ukubonakala kwezifo ezahlukileyo, okuthi, ngelanga, kunokuchaphazeleka.

Abalimi abanolwazi bayazi ukuba amaqabunga eidiliya aqala ukuhlambuluka, oku kungumqondiso wokuqala wesifo sityalo. Isifo esingagqitywanga ngexesha singakhokelela ekubeni kungenjalo nje ukuba isihlwele esibulalayo siza kubandezeleka, kodwa izityalo ezithandanayo nazo.

Izizathu zesifo sevini

Ukufumanisa ukuba kutheni amaqabunga eivini ezomile okanye zikhona ezinye iinguqu ekubonakala kwazo, umntu kufuneka athambekele kwinto yokuba isityalo siyagula.

Izizathu zezi zinto zinokuhluka:

• Ukuvuna kwamagilebhisi kwiindawo ezisemntla ebushushu kubangele kubekho umngcipheko wokuba uya kuhlonywa kwizifo;
• Amagilebhisi phantsi kwendawo yokukhusela yasebusika nayo yindawo yokubeka ingozi, njengokuba kukho ukuqhuma kwesimo somoya, kukho ukunyuswa komswakama, okuyiyo indawo efanelekileyo yokuphindaphinda kwezifo eziphilayo;
• Ukwenziwa komhlaba okungalunganga, ukungabikho kobumswakama, ukushisa kunye nokukhanya kubangela ukuvela kwezifo ezingenasifo, xa kungekhona nje amaqabunga eidiliya ezomileyo okanye ezimdaka, kodwa ikhefu iyancipha, kwaye amajikijolo ayaqhaqhazela (ngaphandle koko, isityalo sinamandla kwaye sinobukhulu besifo);
• Iibhaktheriya ezahlukahlukeneyo, iifungi kunye neentsholongwane zihanjiswa ngumoya kwizityalo ezigulayo, ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukulwa nazo ezo kuphela ukutshintsha iintlobo ezichaphazelekayo iintlobo zamagilebhisi ezinokumelana nazo ziyakunqumla le ngxaki.

Kodwa ke, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulwa nezifo zamagilebhisi, kufuneka nje ukuba uchane ngokufanelekileyo uhlobo lwesifo kwaye wazi indlela yokulahla nganye.

I-Downy isikhutha

Lesi sifo esiyingozi, esibizwa ngokuba yi-mildew, ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa i-fungus engathinteli kuphela amaqabunga eidiliya, kodwa i-ovary kunye neentsundu ezincinane. Inyaniso yokuba isityalo siphelele i-fungus ngokukhawuleza sinqunywe uhlobo lwamaqabunga. Zihlanganiswe ngeendawo ezikhanyayo zomthunzi ophuzi ovela phezulu, kunye neefowy white white coating forms. I-fungus ngokukhawuleza yenza ii-spores ezintsha, ukuba zona, zithathwa ngumoya, zithintele ngokukhawuleza izihlahla ezikufuphi.

Amaqabunga kwimivini yamagilebhisi aphendulela aphuzi aze atyeke, ngoko amaqabunga ahamba ecaleni kwamahlumela, ngenxa yoko i-inflorescences ifa, kwaye amajikijolo aqala ukujika amnyama, umqubu kunye nokuwa.

Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela esi sifo kukutshala iidiyi ngokujikeleza umdiliya. Kwakhona umphumo ogqwesileyo unikela ukutshiza kunye nomxube weBordeaux (isisombululo se-1%) ngexesha iifuno ziyaqhakaza kwaye ngaphambi kokuba imilambo iqale. Ukuba isityalo sasiyagula nge-mildew, kwakhona kwakhona, xa iimpawu zokuqala zivela, ifafazwe ngumxube weBordeaux okanye ukulungiselela ukuLungiswa kweGolide. Kufuneka uyazi ukuba ukutshiza kufakwe inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna.

Ukuba endaweni yakho esi sifo siqhelekileyo, ngoko, ukulima izithelo zomvinini, kufuneka uqale ukhethe iintlobo ezixhatshazwayo, kwaye zininzi zazo.

Isifo samanje se powdery

Esi sifo - i-oidium, ngegama lefungus, elibangela ukuba, ngokuqhelekileyo lichaphazela inxalenye engasentla-yomhlaba yamagilebhisi ngexesha elivuthayo elivuthayo. Umqondiso wokuqala kukuba amabala avela kumagqabi omvini wombala we-ash, okanye i-plaque efanayo yenziwa kuwo wonke umhlathi. Emva koko ama-sheets abuna kwaye aqhuma, kwaye amajikijolo aqala ukuphahlazeka.

Ukuba awuyikukukhupha le fungus, ngoko ikwazi ukukhusela ngokukhuselekileyo kumagqabi aweleyo kunye neentso, kwaye entwasahlobo iphinda ikhuphe isityalo.

Amanyathelo okuthintela ayenjalo anikezela umoya owaneleyo kwiidiliya, okuthi: ukusika izihluma ezinqamlekileyo, ukutshala iintsikelelo kumgama owaneleyo, ukusila ngokukhawuleza.

Ngokuphathelele iindlela zokususa eso sifo, kusebenza ukulungiselela amalungiselelo emichiza, ngakumbi i-colloidal sulfur.

Gray rot

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamagilebhisi kuya kusebenza kwizifo zenyama. Izimo ezifanelekileyo xa zivela khona ziindawo ezifudumeleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ihlanganisa indawo engasentla yomdiliya. Okokuqala, amaqabunga amagilebhisi achaphazelekayo, apho kubonakala khona iingubo eziluhlaza. Ngokuhamba kancinane kwamaqabunga, kuyawa, kwaye eso sifo sisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kuyo yonke isityalo. Ukuvuthwa ngokukhethekileyo okanye sele sele ivelise amajikijolo avuthiweyo. Ziba mnyama kwaye ziqala ukubola, ezenza zingabi zifaneleke ukusetyenziswa.

Izindlela eziphumelelayo zokulwa nokubola kwe-grey zilula. Kwanele ukususa zonke iindawo ezichaphazelekayo ukusuka ehlathini, kwaye zitshise. Emva koko, isiqhamo sezidiliya sifafazwe ngesisombululo se- baking soda, ehlanjululwayo kwisilinganiso sesisipuni sesipuni se-1 ilitha yamanzi okanye isisombululo sesephu eluhlaza.

Cercosporosis

Ukuba uqaphela ukuba amaqabunga ayomileyo kwiidiliya, ezifakwe ngeentyantyambo ezinqabileyo zomnquma ezivela ngaphantsi , kwaye ke ziyawa, ungaqiniseka ukuba unentsholongwane yesifo sengqungquthela njengesifo se-cercosporosis. Emva koko le plateyi ihlanganisa uluhlu lwe-velvet yesiqu, emva koko amajikijolo abe nzima, ene-lilac ebb. Xa zithinteka, ziwela phantsi.

Ukukrazula isityalo kule fungus kunceda iziganeko ezinjalo:

• Ukususwa kweengcambu zamagilebhisi ezingcolileyo zilandelwa ukutshisa kwazo;
• Unyango lweBordeaux umxube ubuncinane amaxesha ama-2-3;
• Ukunyamekela, okudala izimo zokukhula zomdiliya.

Rubella

Esi sifo saziwa ngokukhawuleza, xa saqala ukuhlakulela umdiliya. Inokuthi ingabi yintsholongwane kwaye iqhubele rhoqo ngokushisa okukhulu, eyahluka phakathi kwehlobo. Amagqabi alubomvu amagilebhisi - esi sibonakaliso sesimboli, esithetha ukuba isityalo asikho i-potassium. Ukuba awuthathi amanyathelo ngexesha, iidiliya ziya kufa, kwaye ukusetyenziswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngexesha le-fertilizer, elibandakanya i-1% ye-nitrate ye-potassium, liya kuphumelela ngolu ngxaki.

Jikelele Amanyathelo okukhusela

Cishe akukho ziintlobo zeediliya ezingenakuchaphazeleka yilo okanye eso sifo. Kodwa ukuba ususa amaqabunga afayo ngexesha, udibanisa umhlaba, usebenzise umdiliya ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ususe abazali abathandayo kwaye ubaphelise ngokuxutywa kwezondlo, izifo ezininzi zingagwenywa ngokufumana isivuno esihle samagilebhisi.

Emva kokufumana iziphakamiso eziphakanyisiwe kwinqaku, kunokwenzeka ukukhula iidiliya ezilungileyo, eziya kukukholisa iziqhamo zayo iminyaka emininzi.