Kutheni amazwi, iiyunithi zomxholo zikhonza ngolwimi? Ukwahlulelwa kwegama

NgesiRashiya, njengezinye iilwimi, igama ngalinye linentsingiselo ethile. Igama lidibene nento, into, uphawu, ezinye izenzo.

Inxaxheba yesimanti kulwimi ayinakudlalwa kuphela ngelizwi, kodwa kunye neyunithi yegama. Okokuthi, i-phraseology ijoyina isigama.

Phraseologisms

Ngoko yintoni i-phraseology? Imizekelo yabo iyaziwa kubo bonke abantu. Masithathe igama elithi "intloko". It isetyenziselwa ezininzi inhlanganisela yegama: "ukudibanisa", "indoda enentloko", "ukutyumla intloko", "intloko eshushu". Ukuba igama elivela kwimimiselo engentla lingasetyenziswanga ngqiqo ngqo, ngoko ke inokuphikiswa ukuba inxalenye yegama elithi phraseology. Ukongezelela, intsingiselo yegama kuwo onke amaninzi ayifani.

"Ukuphazamisa" - ukucinga ngento ethile, ukusombulula ingxaki enzima. "Indoda enentloko" yinto engenzi izigqibo ezingenangqiqo, uyayilumko, isilumko. "Vuka" - ukunqoba ukunqoba kokugqibela. "Intloko ebomvu" - yile ndlela abantu bathetha ngayo ngomntu ongenangqondo, ongenamdla okanye onokukhawuleza.

Umxholo wegama elidibeneyo linikezelwe kwimimiselo kukuba isetyenziswe kwiifom "ezinqabileyo," ezizinzileyo, ezingaguqukiyo negrammatical and verbal forms. Ngokuchanekileyo ezi ntetho zentetho ezibizwa ngokuba ngamaqela angamazwi.

Iimpawu zentlawulo yokubhaliweyo

Kukho imiqondiso emininzi enokunika inkcazo yegama eliphilileyo. Imizekelo enikwe apha iphinda ifake inkcazo yento.

• Ifom yezwi elomeleleyo ("i-collar-inverted").
• Ifomu yegrama engaguqukiyo ("iiLesihlanu ezisixhenxe ngeveki").
• Ukungavumeleki kokutshintsha umyalelo wamagama ("indlela yokusela ukunikela").
• Sebenzisa ngomzekeliso ("hlamba amathambo").
• Ukungenakwenzeka kokongezwa kwintsha okanye ukususa ekudibeneyo kwamagama atholakalayo. ("Inkukhu yokuhleka").

Injongo yegama elithi "phraseology"

Ukufundwa kokuhlanganiswa okuzinzile kwezentetho kubandakanya ukwahlula kweelwimi - ibinzana. Ukuqonda intsingiselo yekota, kwanele ukuyiguqulela kwisiGrike. Ukuguqulelwa kwangempela kunjengeli: "imfundiso yokubuyiswa kwentetho".

Uwonke uwonke, ubukho bezinto ezidibeneyo kulwimi, lubizwa ngokuba yi-phraseology.

Yintoni ekusetshenziselwa amagama aseburhulumenteni? Ungayisebenzisa njani ngokufanelekileyo ngentetho? Kuthetha ukuthini igama elithi phraseology? Le mibuzo ayinomdla kuphela kubantwana abaye baqala ukufunda ulwimi njengenzululwazi, kodwa nabadala abaye bafunda ezininzi.

Imvelaphi yeenqununu zamagama

Umntu osebenzisa ii-unitological units kwiintetho kufuneka aqonde kakuhle intsingiselo yawo. Oku kuya kumnceda aphephe iimeko ezihlazo, ezihlazo ezinokuvela ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi kwamagama okanye ukungaqondi kakuhle intsingiselo yazo. Imbali yegamali, ulwazi lweemvelaphi zeziganeko zazo kulwimi luya kuvumela umntu ukuba abe nolwazi oluninzi kule ndawo.

Iqela elikhulu leempembelelo zengqungquthela lwaluvela kwimibono yomntu yendalo kunye neentlalo. Ngokomzekelo, "ininzi yekhephu isonka esiningi", "isixuku esinoyikiyoyikayo isiqhamo", "i-apula ayikude ne-apula".

Akuncinci kwinani liqela leenqununu zeziqendu eziye zavela kwimvelaphi, izithethe zeBhayibhile okanye iziganeko ezithile zembali. Imizekelo yale nhlanganisela ingaba ngamacandelo athi: "Babel of Pandemonium", "Mamai udlulile", "apple of discord", "Intambo ye-Ariadne". Ukuqhelana namacandelo anjalo achaza umnyango kwihlabathi lembali okanye inkolelo yamandulo.

Ukubonakala kweqela elithile lamacandelo ebinzana linxulumene nomsebenzi wobugcisa bomntu, ingcweti yakhe. Ngokomzekelo, ukudibanisa "kungabikho nantlupheko" okanye oko kungabonakaliswa "kuqala kwabalimi" kwaye kwakuchaza umnqweno wokudla okulungileyo ekuzingeleni.

Ukuboleka kwezinye iilwimi kwakhona kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwigama. Ukususela kwisiJamani kuthethwa igama elithi "ukuphumelela ekuhlolweni."

Iqela elikhulu lamacandelo ezinkcazo zidibeneyo ezidibaniswa neeleta zeAlfabhethi yakudala. Imizekelo yileyunithi yegama: "qalisa ngezinto ezisiseko", "qhafaza i", "zinika okulungileyo."

"Eyona nto inzima kunekati ayikho inkomo", "Nonke nicula - le yimeko", "Hamba khona - andazi apho." Nantsi imimiselo yentsebenziswano ezinzile eya kwiilwimi kwimisebenzi yoluntu kunye nokubhala.

Iifom zezobugcisa zanamhlanje zingabangela umthombo wemigca yegama : i-cinema, iincwadi, i-theater.

Ukwahlulelwa kwegama

Akukho nanye yeentlobo ezikhoyo zokuhlelwa kwamacandelo ezinqabileyo, ngokweengcamango zengcali zesayensi, akunakucingwa ukuba ziphelele. Isizathu esibalulekileyo sale nxaxheba enkulu yenguqu yenkqubela ye-phraseological combinations, ngezinye izihlandlo ayinakuthi ithathelwe kuyo nayiphi na uhlobo oluthile.

Indlela yokuziphendulela kwinkcazo yamacandelo ezinqununu zegama lesiqhelo iphinda iqhutywe phakathi kweelwimi. Oku kubangela ukuba imimiselo emitsha ibonakale ekuqeqesheni endaweni ekhoyo. Kule meko, ukuvela kokudideka kungenakugwema.

Ukusuka kwinto eshiwo, sinokugqiba ukuba ukuhlelwa kwamacandelo ebakalayo ngumbuzo ososayensi abanokuyicombulula kwixesha elizayo.

Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje ukuhlengahlengiswa kusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunabanye, ngokuqwalasela umlinganiselo "wokubambelela", ukudibanisa kwamagama kwigama elithi phraseology. Ukuqhubela phambili kweli lilandelayo, amaqela alandelayo ayahlukana: ukuhlanganiswa (idiyomi), ubumbano obunobumba kunye nokudibanisa. Iqela elihlukileyo liqukethe izaga, amazwi, aphorisms, kunye namazwi anamaphiko.

Idioms

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yegama elithi phraseology idioms (fusion). Ukuguqulelwa kwisiGrike kukuvumela ukuba uqonde intsingiselo yale dilesi. Idios lithetha "ukungaqhelekanga", "okungaqhelekanga".

Kuba ukuxuba kuyimpawu yokuba intsingiselo yegama elipheleleyo alikwazi ukucaphulwa kwiintsingiselo zamagama akwenzayo. Oku kuya kuchazwa ngento yokuba iilwimi zafika kulwimi ukususela kumaxesha amandulo.

Imizekelo yeenqununu ezinjalo: "mangaliswe kuyo", "ngokugqithiseleyo ngaphandle kwemisonto eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka", "ukubetha iibhakethi", "zibukhali imivimbo".

Iiyunithi ze-Phraseological zalolu hlobo zibonakalisa ulwimi oluthile, kwaye ukuguqulela kwabo ngokoqobo kwezinye iilwimi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa intsingiselo. Ngokomzekelo, khawucinge ngendlela onokuchaza ngayo imeko xa abantu bedibana bodwa.

NgesiRashiya baya kuthi badibana "ubuso nobuso". Kuzo izithethi zolwimi, intsingiselo yento ekuthethwe ngayo iya kucacisa. AmaFrentshi aya kuchaza imeko ngala mazwi: intloko-to-tête. Ukuguqulelwa kwegama kwiRashiya kuya kubangela ukumomotheka- "inhloko ngentloko" kuthetha eli binzana. Ukususela kwisiNgesi, ubuso nobuso buya gu qulelwa ngokuthi "ubuso nobuso". IsiJamani sichaza u-Augen sithetha "phakathi kwemehlo amane."

Kulo mzekelo, umntu unokuphinde aqiniseke ukuba iimpawu zintetho zangaphambili zikhona ngolwimi lwabantu abathile, intsingiselo yabo iyaqondakala kuphela xa amagama asetshenziswa ndawonye ayibonakali.

Unxibelelwano lwamaFraseological

Ngolwimi lwesiRashiya kukho ukuguqulelwa kwentetho yokufuzisela, intsingiselo yesiqhelo engabonakaliswa ngandlela-thile, ukuxhomekeka kwintsingiselo yamagama abenzayo. Ezi ntetho zentetho zidla ngokuba zibizwa ngokuthi ubumbano lwegama. Imizekelo: "gxotha uthuli emehlweni akho," "faka amazinyo akho kwi-shelf," "qaphela," "njengamanzi avela kwi-gusher."

Enye yeempawu zobumbano obunobumbano kukuba inentsingiselo ngokuthe ngqo nangokomfuziselo. Ngokomzekelo, "hambani." Injongo yokuqala ibhekiselele-ukuba ibe yinxalenye yendlela engabikho kusindileyo, kwaye intsingiselo engumfuziselo ayikubona indlela yokuphuma kwimeko yobomi ekhoyo.

Iincwadana zeFraseological

Kukho elinye iqela eliphawulekayo leenqununu ezibizwa ngokuthi "inhlanganisela yegama elithi". Oku kubandakanya amagama ngeentsingiselo zamahhala kunye ezihambelanayo. Ngexesha elifanayo, intsingiselo ye-semantic ecacileyo yegamali yenziwe yintsingiselo yamagama ayenzayo. "Umhlobo wesifuba", "umcimbi onobungozi", "intshaba efungelweyo", "impumlo yengqumbo" - imizekelo yolu hlobo.

Bhala amanqaku omxholo weli qela unokuhluka, oko kukuthi, unokutshintsha endaweni enye okungenani elinye igama - "utshise ngehlazo", "utshisa ngenzondo," "utshise ngothando," "utshise ngomona."

Amazwi aseFraseological

Iqela elikhethekileyo lamacandelo ezinkcazo zeziqhelana eziqhelekileyo ukususela ebuntwaneni, ngamazwi, ngamagama aphiko , aphorisms. Kuye kunokwenzeka ukuba athathe izitampu zokuthetha. Iinqununu ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuba "ngamazwi entetho."

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zegama elithi phraseology, eli qela liqhelekileyo lisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa kunye nentetho yencwadi.

Imigaqo-nkqubo ye-Phraseological-synonyms

Ngamanye amaxesha unokufumana iinqununu ezahlukeneyo, ezichaza into efanayo, into, uphawu, isenzo. Iifraseologisms zolu hlobo zingabakho kwiilwimi enye okanye ngaphezulu.

Ngokomzekelo, ngesiRashiya, igama elithi "ukwenza kwindlovu yeendlovu" liyaziwa ngabantu bonke, oku kuthetha "ukunyanisela ukubaluleka komcimbi". I-Phraseology eneentsingiselo ezifanayo kwezinye iilwimi. "Ukwenza imfoloko ngaphandle kwenaliti" - yiloo nto bathethayo ePoland. KwiCzech, kwakhona, kukho inqaku elinentsingiselo efanayo. Kuzwakala ngathi: "yenza ikamela ekhunjini". Kwaye ngesiNgesi kukho inqaku elithi "ukwenza intaba ephuma kwi-molehill."

Imigaqo-nkqubo ye-Phraseological ingaba khona ngolwimi olunye. Ngokomzekelo, cingisisa imeko xa kuyimfuneko ukuthetha indlela umntu osebenza ngayo. Ukuba isenzo salo sichazwe ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye sisigqubuthelo, enye yeeyunithi ezisetyenzisiweyo eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo - "ukusebenza kanzima," "ukuqhayisa imikhono yakho," "ukusebenza ngesithukuthelo sobuso bakho."

Ivakalisa kwiingcamango zesigama

Ukuba umntu ubheka ukuhlanganiswa okuzinzile ukusuka kwingcamango yokusetyenziswa kweengxenye ezahlukeneyo zokuthetha kubo, kunokuthi kuqaphele ukuba ii-unitological units kunye nezivakalisi zihlala zihlangana nazo. Kule meko, iindawo eziqhelekileyo zinezinto eziphathekayo, ukucinga, izivakalisi ezicacileyo. Imizekelo yeenqununu ezinjalo: "ukuba uhambe ngokwakho", "zizenzele kunye", "zikhuphe", "zithwale ngamagxa akho" kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Iifraseologisms kunye nezivakalisi zibonisa ngokucacileyo umntu, mnike uvavanyo, zibonise ukuziphatha, imeko kunye nemisebenzi yakhe.

Kutheni i-phraseology isetyenziswe kulwimi?

Iifraseological ijika incoko yentetho, eyenza ibe yinto engqondweni, ecacileyo. Ukudibanisa okuzinzileyo kukunceda ulwazi lomntu, oluvumela ukuba aziveze ngokuchanekileyo nangokucacileyo. Emva kokusebenzisa i-phraseology, umntu unokubonisa ingcamango ejulileyo, ingcamango enzulu ngokuchanekileyo nangokukhawuleza - ngamagama amabini okanye amathathu.

Iiyunithi ze-Phraseological ziyakwazi ukuhlobisa ulwimi lweemisebenzi zombhalo, ngoko ke abalobi kunye neebongozi basebenzisa oku kuthetha ngokubanzi, ukwenza izinto zabo zidalulwe ngokucacileyo, ezingabonakaliyo kwaye zibalabala.

Ukuqwalaselwa kwimbali yokuvela kweeyunithi zomhlathi, ukubaluleka kwazo kuya kunceda nabani na ukuba baphucule izinga labo jikelele lolwazi.

Umntu, ecinga ngombuzo, apho amagama egama elithi phraseological asebenza ngolwimi, ngokungena ngokungafikeleli ekugqibeleni ukuba ukuhlanganiswa okuzinzileyo kukukhumbuza indlela yokuphila nenkcubeko yabantu, izithethe zaso zangekhulu leminyaka, amava eembali. Iifraseologisms zikhunjulwa ngabantu abanobuhlanga belizwe.

Izichazizwi zeFraseological

Intsingiselo yexeliweyo yamacandelo eengqungquthela, imbali yembonakalo yazo kulwimi, iindlela zokusetyenziswa ezivumelekileyo zifumaneka kwizinye izichazi-magama. Namhlanje zipapashwa kakhulu.

Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zeencwadi zidibene kwiingeniso zesichazamazwi. Baqokelela yonke ingcaciso ekhoyo malunga nale nto okanye loo binzana. Ekuphuculeni inkcubeko yentetho, ukuphucula isigama, isichazi esinjalo sinokubaluleka.

Ukongezelela, iingcali ziqaphele ukuba i-stock available of units units - olu buninzi beelwimi - lisetyenziswe ngabantu abangagqibekanga, ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, ezinye ze-philologists zize zicebise ukuba ufunde amazwi amasha. Emva kokuzivocavoca okunjalo, umntu ongcono uqala ukuqonda ukuba kutheni amagama asetyenziswa kulwimi kwiimpawu zegama kunye nokuzisebenzisa ngentetho.