Ukunyanzelwa kwabafundi be-Pedagogical ... Ukunyanzeliswa kwabantwana nabantwana abaselula: izizathu, ukuxilonga kunye nokulungiswa

Ukunyanzelwa kwabafundisi kuyinkathazo enzulu, ehambelana nokuphambuka okuthile ekuthuthukisweni kwengqondo yabantwana. Zibonakaliswe njengengxaki yokulungelelanisa kuluntu, kwakunye nokuthetha nabanye. Nangona kunjalo, ungacingi nje lo kuphambukiswa njengesifo sokugqibela, ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ulungiswe ukulungiswa.

Inkcazo yemeko

Ukunyanzelwa kwe-Pedagogical yixesha elibhekiselele kwimeko yomntwana ebonakalayo ngokulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa, ehamba kunye neenkathazo zokulungelelanisa kuluntu kunye nokuhlaselwa kobudlova. Abantwana abanokwenza okungaqhelekanga bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi "bunzima" okanye "bunzima."

Iintlobo zokunyanzelwa kwabafundi

Ukunyanzelwa kwe-Pedagogical ingxaki ehambelana nokuziphatha komntwana kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwayo kuluntu. Kukho iindidi ezilandelayo:

• Ukuziphatha - ukungabikho kweengcamango malunga nokwamkeleka kwimimiselo yokuziphatha kunye neempawu zokuziphatha;
• Ubulumko - ukungabikho komdla ekufundeni nasekungafuni ukuphuhlisa;
• I-Aesthetic - ukungabikho komxholo wobuhle, kunye nokudibanisa izinto ezintle kunye ezimbi;
• Unonyango - ukungabi nolwazi lwemithetho esemgangathweni yococeko okanye ukuwagqithisa ngokupheleleyo;
• Ukunyaniseka komsebenzi kunye nokungafuni ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo yoluntu.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezi zilapha ngasentla zingabonakali zodwa kunye kunye kunye.

Izizathu zokunyanzelwa kwabafundi

Ezi ngxaki okanye ezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene nokukhuliswa kwabantwana aziphakamanga ekuqaleni. Ngoko, ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokusebenza njengezizathu zokungahoywa ngokufundisa:

• Ukunganakwa kwimeko yabazali bobabini kunye nabanye abantu abamele igunya kumntwana;
• Ukugxekwa ngokungaqhelekanga kokuziphatha;
• Ukuphikisana okuqhubekayo kunye neentlekele kwintsapho, ebonwa ngumntwana;
• Ukunyamekelwa komntu kunxalenye yabazali, okhula ngokulawula ngokupheleleyo kuwo onke amanqanaba obomi bomntwana;
• Ubundlobongela bezenzo kunye nokungabi nhlonipho phakathi kwamalungu entsapho;
• Umsebenzi wokubhala onotitshala ocinga ukuba uvumelekile ukuhlazisa okanye ukuhlambalaza umntwana phambi koontanga;
• Ukungakwazi ukumisela oonxibelelwano nabahlobo, kunye nokuhlambalaza nokuhlekwa usulu.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba izinto zentlalo zidibene neemeko zangaphandle. Ukunyanzeliswa kwabantwana be-pedagogical kubaluleke kakhulu kwiinkalo zabo. Ngokubanzi, ukungaphumeleli kwabazali kunye namaziko emfundo.

Ubonakaliso obuninzi bokunganyaniseki

Ukunyaniseka kwezenhlalakahle nakwezemfundo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kubonakaliswe. Bangakwazi ukuba nomfanekiso olandelayo:

• Iingxaki kunye nobunzima obunxulumene nokufunda, ezinokuzibonakalisa ngokwabo ekusebenzeni kakubi kunye nokufunda ngokukhawuleza. Oku kungakho ngenxa yokuphuculwa kwezakhono zansuku zonke ezingenakulungeleka ezinokucetyiswa kwinkqubo yokufunda.
• Ukuphuhliswa okwaneleyo kwezi nkqubo zengqondo njengokukhunjulwa, ukucinga, ukucinga, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezivela kuyo nayiphi na intlalo yoluntu. Ngokuchasene noko, iimpawu eziye zenziwe ziyi-self-esteem kunye neengxabano. Imvakalelo ixhomekeke kwiinguqu eziqhelekileyo.
• Isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo somntwana kuye, nakwabanye. Ngenxa yoko, ukunxibelelana kunye noqhagamshelwano kunzima, okushiya umqondiso walo wokuziphatha.

Amagqabantshintshi okungahoywa

Ukunyanzelwa kwabafundi be-pedagogical uhlobo lokuphambuka okungabonakaliswa ngandlela-thile. Ngaloo ndlela, ubukhulu bokubonakalisa bunokuba ngolu hlobo:

• Isigatshana sokukhanya (latent) sibonakaliswe yimandla enamandla, ngoko ke kunzima ukuchonga ingxaki. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukungahoywa kungadideka ngokusemgangathweni ngenxa yeli xesha okanye loo minyaka yobudala kunye nokuphambuka kokuziphatha. Kwakhona, ukuxilongwa kwengxaki kuyinkimbinkimbi yinto yokuba ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle akunako ukusisigxina, kodwa ube nesimo se-episodic. Ngokuqhelekileyo umntwana uyaziva ekhululekile kwintsapho, kodwa akakwazi ukulungelelanisa kuluntu (okanye ngokulandelana).
• Isigaba sokuqala sibonakaliswa ngokunyaniseka kokungaqhelekanga. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ziya kuba zibonakala zibonakala ngakumbi kwaye kulula ukuyixilonga.
• Iqondo elichazwe ngokunyaniseka kwezemfundo libonakaliswa yi-predominance yeempawu zobunjani ngokwemilinganiselo. Iipropati ezintle azicatshangwanga, ukuba kumanyathelo angaphambili aphuhliso abazange bafumane inkxaso kunye nokuqiniswa. Kule nqanaba, kuyacaca ukuba umntwana akakwazi ukuba ngumxholo ozimeleyo aze athathe izigqibo zobomi.

Imigaqo yokufumanisa ukunyanzelwa kwabafundi

Ukuze sikwazi ukusombulula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngempumelelo ingxaki, kufuneka ichongwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye ifundwe kakuhle. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuxilongwa kokunyanzeliswa kwezifundo kwenziwa ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo elandelayo:

• Ukufunda iimpawu ngamnye kufuneka kwenziwe ngokungahambisani ngokubanzi kunye nezinto ezininzi zangaphandle;
• Izigqibo mazibe nenjongo, kwaye ingekelwe kusetyenzisweni lobuqu kumntu okanye entsapho yakhe;
• Ubuntu abufanele bufundwe kungekuphela kwesi sihlandlo esithile, kodwa kwakhona ngokuphindaphinda, kunye nokwenzeka kokwenza iziganeko zokuphuhliswa kwexesha elizayo;
• Kufanelekile ukuqwalasela kuphela ukubonakaliswa okugqithisileyo kokuphambuka, kodwa ukuhlawula ingqalelo enkulu kunokwenzeka ekukhangela izizathu ezibangele kule nto okanye imeko yeemeko;
• Enye yemigaqo ebaluleke kakhulu inokuqwalaselwa njengento ebizwa ngokuba yi-pedagogical optimism, equlethwe ngumbono wesisombululo esifanelekileyo sengxaki, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isantya sobunzima bayo;
• Ubugcisa bomphandi kufuneka bube nolwazi olunzulu kwintsimi yeengqondo, inzululwazi kunye nokufundisa;
• Ukuyicombulula ingxaki, kubalulekile ukusebenza nomntwana kungekukho nje kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo, kodwa nangomgaqo wokuzinikezela kwakhe, ngokuqwalasela iminqweno neminqweno yakhe.

Ukulungiswa kokunyanzelwa kwabafundi

Naluphi na ukuphambuka ekuphuhlisweni komntwana kufuna ukungenelela kwangoku kunye nokulungisa. Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe nawaphi na amanyathelo, kubalulekile ukucacisa izizathu ezenza ukuba kuvele ukuphambuka. Ukulungiswa ngqo kungenziwa ngokwezi ndlela ezilandelayo:

• Impembelelo jikelele yokufundisa, equlethe ukulungiswa kweziphene ekuphatheni nasekuziphatheni (ukwesaba, iintloni, ukuxhamla ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nezinye iziphene);
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamacandelo athile okufundisa awanceda ekugqibeleni ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle kokuphambuka (umzekelo, i-nicous tics), iingxaki ekufundeni nasekuphuhliseni (ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezinto eziphathekayo, izakhono ezinganeleyo, njl.), Kwakunye nokusilela komntu);
• Ukulungiswa kokuziphatha nokuqonda kwehlabathi ngokutsala umntwana kumsebenzi osebenzayo;
• Ukupheliswa kwengxaki ngokudlulisela kwenye into okanye ukulungiswa kwakhona nomsebenzi wemfundo kwikho ekhoyo;
• Ukusetyenziswa kobuchule be-psychotherapeutic, esekelwe kwisiphakamiso, ukukholisa, i-hypnosis kunye ne-psychoanalysis.

Iindlela eziphambili zomsebenzi wokufundisa

Ukunyanzeliswa kwabantwana be-pedagogical akufanele kushiywe ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa. Kwiimpawu zokuqala zokuphambuka, kuyafaneleka ukuthatha amanyathelo okuwaphelisa. Ngokuphathelele ootitshala, kufuneka basebenze kule mimandla elandelayo:

• Ukuthintela amatyala;
• Ukulungiswa kwezikhokelo zokuziphatha;
• Unxibelelwano lwabantu ohlala rhoqo ngeendlela zokuthetha, ukuqeqesha, iingxoxo kunye nokunye;
• Ukulinganisa ngokuzenzekelayo kweemeko ezithatha umsebenzi wemfundo;
• Ukusebenzisana okusebenzayo nabazali kunye namanye amalungu omndeni;
• Ukutsalathisa ingqwalasela yoluntu kwimibutho yoluntu kwiingxaki zabantwana;
• Ukubandakanywa kwabantwana kunye nabaselula abaxilongwa ngokunyaniseka kokufundisa ukuba bahlanganyele kumaziko emfundo angaphandle.

Amanyathelo okukhusela

Njengokuba kunjalo kwisifo esibi, ukuziphatha komntwana okungahambi kakuhle kulula ukukhusela kunokujongana nemiphumo emibi. Ukuthintela ukunyanzelwa kokufundisa kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuhambelana nemigaqo elandelayo:

• Ukunika ingxelo ngeempawu zobuntu bomlingani womntwana, kunye nokusingqongileyo;
• Ukwabiwa kwemiba emihle yengqondo kunye nokuthembela kubo;
• Vala ukusebenzisana kwezengqondo kunye nokufundisa.

Izindlela zokuthintela ukunyanzelwa kwezifundo zingabelana ngezigaba ezine eziphambili:

• Ukujongwa ekukhuthazeni umsebenzi wokuqonda (ukufundisa kwifom yezemidlalo, inkqubo yokukhuthaza nokukhuthaza, ukulungiswa kwemeko yeemeko);
• Ukhokelele kwimibutho yomsebenzi obalulekileyo (ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi, umdlalo kunye nomsebenzi wokuqhelanisa kwiqela, ukuqaliswa kweqhinga lokukhuphisana);
• Ukucetyiswa ekusebenzisaneni ngokuthe ngqo nomntwana (unxibelelwano kunye nohlalutyo, ukunikezelwa kweemfuneko, ukugxeka okwakhiqizayo, ukudala umoya wokuhlonela kunye nokuthembela);
• Ukucetyiswa kumsebenzi okhuthazayo (izicelo, iimfuno okanye iingcebiso, imisebenzi esekelwe kumzekelo omhle, ukuphuhlisa iimvakalelo zothando, imfesane, ihlazo, njl.).

Izigqibo

Ukunyanzelwa kwe-pedagogical yinkinga ebalulekileyo enokubangela ubunzima obomi bomntwana. Ngelishwa, abazali kunye nootitshala abahlale behlawula ngenxa yolu meko, becinga ukuba emva kwexesha umntwana "uya kuphuma". Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, ingxaki ibuhlungu ngaphezu kwexesha. Ngelishwa, ukuba amanyathelo afanelekileyo angathathi ngexesha, umntu onobungozi angakhula ukusuka kumntwana okanye umntwana osemva. Xa uneminyaka yobudala, kunzima ukulungisa ukuphambuka kokuziphatha kunye nokuphambuka kwengqondo.