UBob Denard. I-Biography kunye neefoto ze "uKumkani weeMenenja"

UBood Denard (echazwe ngezantsi kwinqaku) - isosha eliqhelekileyo laseFransi elinenzuzo, eliye lathatha inxaxheba kwimibhobho yesimo seminyaka kunye ne-mercenarism kulo lonke elase-Afrika nakuMbindi-Mpuma, yafa ngo-Oktobha 13, 2007, ngomnyaka we-78 wobomi bakhe .

Ngokufa kwakhe wamxelela udadewabo uGeorgette Garnier. Isizathu asizange sichazwe, kodwa saziwa ukuba "inkosi yamagunya" yahlushwa isifo se-Alzheimer iminyaka emininzi.

Umlwi kunye ne-communism

Indoda ende, eyindoda ephefumlelweyo eyakhuthaza uFrederick Forsythe ukuba abhale incwadana malunga namajoni aseYurophu enenzuzo eAfrika, Inja yeMfazwe, uBol Denard, umkhosi wamasosha, akazange abe nomuva wokucela uxolo ngenxa yezenzo zakhe, ecinga ngendlebe-ndlebe ukuba wayeyindoda yaseNtshona ekuthatha inxaxheba Ukulwa nokulwa nobukhomanisi.

Uthi, inyaniso, andingengcwele, "ngo-1993. "Akunakwenzeka ukulwa ngenye indlela." Kodwa andiyi kuba apha kude kube ngoku, ukuba ndiyenzile ngokwenene izinto ezingenakutyala. "

Imvume kaKumkani

Esikhundleni sokuthetha ngaye ngokwakhe njengenkosi yamagosa okanye ipirate, wakhetha ukubizwa ngokuba yi-corsair. Wachaza wathi: "Ama-corsairs eFransi afumana imvume ebhaliweyo evela kukumkani. "Andibe nayo le mvume, kodwa ndineepaspoti ezikhutshwe ngeenkonzo ezizodwa."

Ngaloo ndlela, ukususela ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, wayengenako ukukwazi ukunqatha ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiinkxaso okanye ukuphanga oorhulumente kwii-coloni zaseYurophu nakwezinye iindawo zokulwa. Kubonakala ukuba wayengenayo ingxaki ekufumaneni imiqathango kwihlabathi elingaphantsi komhlaba.

Yena kunye nabalandeli bakhe, abaqhayisa ngamagama abo okuthiwa ngu-Affreux ("Obuthathaka"), basebenza eCongo, eYemen, e-Iran, eNigeria, eBenin, eChad naseAngola, kunye namaxesha amaninzi kwiComos, isizwe esiqithi esikulo lonxweme olusempuma yeAfrika e-Indian Ocean.

Ngokutsho kukaDenard, kwakukho i-adventure eyaneleyo nemali. Kodwa abanye babenomdla weengcamango. Iimenenja zinekhowudi yazo yokuziphatha, ikhowudi yabo yokuhlonipha. Abazange benze izenzo zobugandaganda, abazange babulale abantu abangenacala. Babenemithetho yabo, kodwa imithetho yelizwe apho abasebenzi basebenzi bahlonishwa khona.

"Inketho yokugcina"

UBob Denard wathi iziganeko zakhe ezininzi zenziwa nge-consent tacit kaRhulumente waseFransi. Nangona kunjalo, wazama ukuphindwa kathathu eFransi malunga neentlawulo zezenzo zamagunya ezingekho mthethweni, ngoku kutshanje ngoJulayi 2007, xa wagwetywa iminyaka ejele ngenxa yokulungelelanisa iCoros ngo-1995. Kwesinye iindlebe, umbuzo wawungakhathaliseki ukuba wayesemgangathweni ukulungiselela eso sihlwayo, kodwa uDenard wayesele wafa.

Kwilityala, eyaqala ngo-2006, abahlobo baseburhulumenteni abazange bamlibale ngaye. "Xa iinkonzo ezizodwa zingenakukwazi ukufeza iintlobo ezithile zokusebenza, zisebenzisa izakhiwo ezifanayo," igosa laseburhulumenteni laseFransi lathi litshutshiswa. "UBood Denard wayengenjenjalo."

UFransi akazange amngcatsha. Kwintetho ngo-1993, emva kwamanye amagosa athetha ngokuzikhusela, wathi imimiselo kule meko injalo ukuba akukho zivumelwano ezigqityiweyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba unesimo apho yonke into iphendukela kuwe, inceda kakhulu kwaye iyathintela kakhulu, xa kukho abantu abanokuhlonela.

Brief biography

UBob Denard wazalelwa eBordeaux ngo-Ephreli 7, ngo-1929 phantsi kwegama likaGilbert Bourges kwintsapho yegosa lempi elawula umhlalaphantsi, kamva wasebenza kwii-coloni zaseFransi, apho unyana wakhe wakhula khona. Umntwana osemncinci uGilbert wangena esikolweni samanqanawa waza waya kukhwela i-navy. Wathunyelwa eVietnam, waza waya e-Indochina, apho iFransi yayinzima ukugcina impahla yayo. Ebona ukuba akazange aphumelele ukukhula komsebenzi, uDarard wasuka. Wayeyazi ukuba ufanelekele ngakumbi.

Kungekudala ngaphambi kokumka emsebenzini wenkonzo yempi, waqeqeshwa eUnited States, apho wafumanisa ihlabathi elitsha, elona lwanamhlanje, elinganayo nelinganayo. Ngoncedo lwezonxibelelwano eUnited States, uDenard wafumana umsebenzi wokhuseleko kwi-American firm eMorocco. Ngo-1952, wajoyina amapolisa aseFransi.

E-Casablanca, wawela phantsi kwefuthe lamaqela aphezu kwamagundane kwaye ngo-1956 wabetyholwa ngokuthatha inceba yokubulala uMphathiswa weFransi uPierre Mendes-France. Wachitha iinyanga ezili-14 entolongweni.

Ukhuseleko eKatanga

Emva kokukhululwa kwakhe, uBob Denard wabuyela eFransi, apho wayesebenza njengomthengisi wezinto zokuhlambela ixesha elithile, kodwa ngokukhawuleza waphukiswa ngumsebenzi. Ngomnyaka we-1961, lo mhlobo wambonisa isikhangiso kwiphephandaba malunga nokuqeshwa kwabaqeshwa ngokukhusela amabhizinisi amashishini eKamanga. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa kamva, wayesele e-Congo, egqoke ngesimo separatrooper. Ngokukhawuleza wahola iqela lamaqela eenqwelo-mpahla evela eYurophu naseMzantsi Afrika, ethatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yamaqhawe ehlathini laseAfrika. Lapha wathola udumo lwenkokheli eyiyo kunye neyoyiko.

Xa inzame yokwahlula iphondo laseKatanga esuka eCongo emva kokuba ilizwe lifumane ukuzimela kwiBelgium laphela ngokungafezeki, walwa eYemen, apho kuthiwa wasebenza ngokubambisana noBrithani, njengoDenar ngokwakhe.

UBob walimala ekulweni waza wanyuka ngenxa yobomi bakhe bonke. Kungekudala emva koko, wathatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yaseBiafra Independence yaseNigeria, eyaphela ekunqothulweni, kwaye ngowe-1970 nakwiminyaka ye-1980 yayisebenza eBenin, eChad nase-Angola (apho, wathi, wayesebenzisana neCIA).

Ukusebenza "I-Shrimp": UBol Denard eBenin

NgeSonto ekuseni, ngoJanuwari 16, 1977, wathwala i-90 enezixhobo ze-STEN ezincinci zamagosa afunyanwa kwiintengiso zamaphephandaba kwi-air-DC-7 ukuze athathe amandla kummandla omncinci waseNtshonalanga Afrika waseBenin.

Isicwangciso sikaDenard sasilula. Yonke into ayifanele ukuyenza yayingamnquli uMongameli Kerek kunye nabalandeli bakhe, bazingqonge iinqununu ngeqela elincinane lamajoni. Kamva, umyalelo kweli lizwe wawuza kubuyiselwa ngamagosa aseTogo.

Balwa iiyure ezingama-2 kwinqununu yaseCotonou, athabatha isiza-moya samazwe ngamazwe kunye nebhotwe likamongameli, apho umlawuli ongekho. Ngoxa ukulwa kwakusenokwenzeka, wahamba ngokukhawuleza waya ekhaya waza wahamba, eqinisekisa ukuba wayephila, kwaye unxusa abantu baseBenin ukuba balwe nxamnye "nesenzo sobubi se-imperialist". Ngenxa yoko, uDenard waphuma, washiya abapheli abafileyo, izixhobo, izixhobo kunye, ngakumbi kunabo bonke, amaxwebhu acacisa yonke icebo lokubamba amandla. Abantu abathathe umhlala-phantsi bathatha nabo kuphela abahlala kwi-capital, abaphendule kwikhwelo lomongameli kwaye baphuma ngeengalo ekukhuseleni ukongamela ilizwe, kodwa bazinikezela, bekhubekile kumyalelo kaDenard. "Kubanjwe", kubonakala ukuba wayevuyile ukushiya uBenin nomkakhe.

Iintsapho zalaba babulewe ekuhlaselweni bafaka izigwebo kwiinkundla zaseFransi naseBenin. Ekhaya, uDenard wagwetywa iminyaka engama-5 entolongweni, kwaye kwilizwe apho aphumelele khona, ekufeni.

Kodwa wayesele efikeleleke kuzo zombini zombuso: exhobile emazinyeni Umfokazi waseFransi ophethwe ngumkhosi oqeshwe oya kwisizwe esincinci kwisiqithi e-Indian Ocean.

Isilingo esiqinileyo

KwiiComor, uDenard wakwazi ukuphumeza impumelelo enkulu. Ngowe-1975, wayesele eququzelele ukukhankana noMongameli Ahmed Abdullah Abderman.

Ngeli xesha uBob wayengenako ukukwazi ukusilela. Ngaphezu konyaka ayichithele ekusebenziseni le shishini - ukuchithwa kukaMongameli uSualikh. Ukucwangciswa komoya ngokuphindwe kabini kwakufuneka kukhutshwe ngenxa yokungabi ncediso lwangaphandle. UDenard akasayikujabulela indawo 'yabaxhasi bakhe'. Kodwa akazange akhuphe.

Emva kweCotonou, abaninzi baphenduka kwiDenard, kwaye no-lieutenant wakhe wokuqala wabiza isicwangciso sokudluliselwa kolwandle ukusuka kummandla wonxweme waseFransi ukuya eMoroni ngaphandle kokumisa phakathi kwezibuko.

U-Ahmed Abdallah wamnika uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwezigidi ezintathu. Ngethuba lokucwangciswa kweesithathu kwacetywa, isiqingatha semali sele sichithwe. Uphindwe kabini iqela, liphindwe kabini, lize liphumelele kwisivumelwano. UAbdullah nabanye ababini abaxhasi baxhasi babengeke bakwazi ukufumana ezinye iindleko. UDenard wayenokhetho olu-2 kuphela: okanye ukunikezela, okanye ukutshala imali ekusebenzeni kwayo yonke imali ayifumana kwiminyaka eyi-18 yenkonzo njengenkunzi yamagosa. Kwaye kwafuneka ukuba ahlale phantsi yakhe kuphela yoshishino lokulungisa imoto.

Umthunywa we-Allah

Ukubhikishwa kukaMeyi 13, 1978 kwakukho, mhlawumbi, uhambo oluphezulu lukaBob Denard, kuba zombini ishishini kunye nokunqoba kwakhe kwaba yedwa. Wenza wodwa.

E-Lorient, apho wathenga khona wayilungisa i-trawler yamanzi angamazantsi "I-Antinea," uDardard wachitha ixesha elingaphezulu kweveki enye, ngokujonga ngokwakhe konke ukufikelela kwi-rivet yokugqibela. Wazingqongileyo nabantu abathembekileyo, abanolwazi, abahlobo, oonjiniyela abaninzi kunye nabasebenzi, nabanolwandle abazange bazi malunga nenqaku lokugqibela lomzila wenqanawa.

UDenard akazange abe ngumqhubi kuphela, kodwa unomkhululi. Inani labantu beziqithi, idolophana nganye yabonisa ukubonga kwayo. Abantu baseMuslim bamamkela njengoMthunywa we-Allah.

UKumkani weeMenenja

UBob ufumene apha umsebenzi wesibini: wakha kabusha iiCoros, ulungiswe kwakhona ulawulo, amapolisa, iinkundla, uqoqosho. Wayecinga ukuba ekugqibeleni wafumana ikhaya lesibini kunye nendawo apho wayenokuchitha khona imihla yakhe yokugqibela.

Injongo yokuhlala apha ngonaphakade, uBol Denard watshata nomfazi wendawo oba ngumfazi wesithandathu, owayevela kuye ebantwaneni ababini. Wayenabo ubuncinane abantwana abathandathu abavela kwiminye imitshato. Wabuya waya kwiSilamsi waza wathatha igama likaSain Mustafa Majub.

UBood Denard, ukumkani wenkosi, wakha isiseko sokusebenza kwiComoros ukwenzela ukuqhutyelwa kwezempi eMozambique naseAngola, kwaye yanceda iFransi ukuba idlulise i-embargo ebekwe eMzantsi Afrika. Kodwa ngo-1989 u-Abdullah wabulawa phantsi kweemeko ezingacacileyo, kwaye uDenard ngoncedo lwabalandeli baseFransi baphumelele eMzantsi Afrika.

Ukuzama ukuziphindisela

Emva kokuchitha iminyaka emithathu eMzantsi Afrika, wabuyela eParis, apho wafumana isigwebo esityeshelwe ukuzama ukuwubhubhisa urhulumente waseBenin ngo-1977 waza wahlulwa ngamacala okulungiselela ukubulawa kuka-Abdullah. UBob Denard, ogama lakhe eliphantsi kwesihloko esithi "I-Corsair yeRiphabliki" sele sele ibhaliwe, yayilungele ukuyeka.

Kodwa ngo-1995, kunye neqela elincinci, wabuyela kwakhona kwiiComoros, kodwa umzamo wakhe wokubamba amandla waphumelela, kwaye amajoni aseFransi athunyelwa kwiindawo ezinqabileyo ukubuyisela umyalelo. Lo kwakuyinto yokugqibela uBob Denar, i-mercenary, okwenziwe ekufuneka aphendule enkundleni engaphezu kweminyaka elishumi kamva. Ngelo xesha, wayegula kakhulu ukuba angene kwiiseshoni zenkundla aze athethe.