Kwaye uyazi yintoni yemfuza?

Umbuzo yintoni gene umdla kakhulu. Kwelinye icala, wonke umntu uyazi ukuba inkcazelo mfuza udlule umzali emntwaneni, kodwa indlela yokugcina self olu lwazi ayicacanga kubantu abaninzi. zofuzo bonke abantu esiphilayo, kwaye ubone yonke idatha yoqobo kwi umzimba: ukubonakala kwaso, endingowakhe uhlobo oluthile, iimpawu zolwakhiwo, kwaye ngaphezulu.

Abantu abaninzi khumbula kwikhondo ibhayoloji esikolweni, le ngcaciso lugcinwe DNA - enye engundoqo nucleic acid. Loo nomxokelelwane deoxyribonucleic acid limisela ukuba ungubani isilwanyana okanye umntu ngokwalo zomzimba. Kodwa indlela yokunxulumanisa "DNA" kwaye ingqikelelo 'sofuzo "? Makhe sibone kula magama.

Yintoni zofuzo DNA?

Xa isakhiwo deoxyribonucleic acid yabalaselisa kwezinye iindawo banoxanduva khona kolwazi oluthile ukusuka kumnini wayo. Kuyinto ezi iindawo tyathanga zofuzo. Bona ziqulathe ulwazi malunga protein iiproteins - yinto izinto zokwakha ephilayo. Onke amacandelo deoxyribonucleic acid equlethwe kwiseli nganye emzimbeni, yenza genome kukho into ephilayo. Enye inxalenye yale nkcazelo sivela uyise, omnye - esizalwa ukusuka kumama.

Xa ukukwazi States ulwazi yemfuza namhlanje kungenziwa ngokuchanekileyo kakhulu ukubeka ulwalamano, ezifana lukatata. Enyanisweni, lo mbuzo oko gene ezintsonkothileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuze akwazi ukuziphendulela-nkqubo ithi. Kodwa izikweko ulwimi unako lula ulwazi. Simela kwempahla DNA ngohlobo lwencwadi malunga ophilileyo yokuba elithile, ngoko ke izakhi ziya kuba amagama athile kwi kumaphepha ale ncwadi. Ngamnye amazwi yenziwa iileta-4 kuphela, kodwa ungadibanisa up inani esinganasiphelo ngamabinzana. Oko kukuthi, i-gene i alternation of iikhompawundi ezine chemical. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba nucleobases adenine, cytosine, guanine kunye thymine. A olukhulu okungephi ikhowudi yezofuzo, kunye utshintsho ukusuka kwenye imichiza compound kwenye, kukhokelela utshintsho "ibinzana elithi" ingqiqo xa iyonke. Kwaye njengoko siyazi, isakhi ngasinye unoxanduva isakhiwo protini. Olunye ulwazi kuyo - isakhiwo protein eyahlukileyo - iimpawu ezintsha eziphilayo. Kodwa alternations enjalo kunokwenzeka kuphela xa zahlukile enye kwenye ukukhutshelwa kolwazi yemfuza, ngoko abazalwana noodade wabazali ezifanayo, nokuba ukuba namawele afanayo. Kodwa ulwazi okulungiswe ufuzo lwethu, kuhlala ingatshintshanga ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya ekufeni.

gene ukuguga

kweminyaka yokuphila indlela lweenguqu ezinxulumene-ubudala ukuba kwenzeka umntu ozimeleyo ulwazi yemfuza. iqhekeza yekhowudi, eya kuba noxanduva ngokukodwa ukwaluphala, alifumaneki, kodwa abaphandi bathi akunakwenzeka ukuba data enjalo zigcinwa DNA endaweni eyodwa. Ukuguga - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo esichaphazela zonke iinkqubo umzimba, ngoko "izikhanyiso yenzululwazi 'usenalo uphando omde kweli cala.

ngongoma, kodwa ncam inkanuko ngembono kwimfuza sele inikezelwe kwincwadi epapashwe ngo-1976. Yakhe IsiNgesi ethologist ebhaliweyo K.R.Dokinz. "I-Gene abazingcayo '- umsebenzi yenzululwazi apho theorizes ukuba amandla uqhuba ngendaleko ngumnqweno ukwandisa kulwamkelo lweentlobo. Ukhetho kwenzeka kwinqanaba yemfuza, hayi kwinqanaba abantu kunye nabantu abathile. Ngokubanzi, impendulo alupheli lo mbuzo: "Yintoni na zofuzo", nakuba ngokucacileyo. Kungenzeka, ingcamango zigaba DNA kunye nophuhliso zenzululwazi ziya kuhlaziywa kunye data ezintsha ihlenga nzulu.