Le Dynamics abantu - ngokukodwa ixabiso kunye neentlobo

Umthetho wokuqala ngemvelo ithi - yonke into ezihambelanayo, kungekuphela phakathi kwawo kodwa yonke ngokupheleleyo. Akwenzeki ukuba ehle inyathelo, ukuba angamchukumisi nto. Man rhoqo okukhathaza imali eseleyo kwi-bume. Nyathelo ngalinye umntu uyayonakalisa inqwaba micro-eziphilayo, nkqu ipuli eziqhelekileyo, ndingasathethi unkwantye zezinambuzane kuyanyanzeleka ukuba batshintshe iindlela zabo ukufudukela, anciphise imveliso yazo. Imeko yonakele, sisazama izibonelelo zendalo zendalo ngenxa badlwengulwe. Konke oku kuye ikhule ibe yingxaki yehlabathi. abantu abaninzi nganeno ngaseludinini ukusinda. Ukuba umntu ayitshintshi, kwaye abemi busemngciphekweni isibini ngezizukulwana ukuba shwaka. Yintoni abantu kwaye umkhondo ngayo inani, eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Ukuzimisela abantu

Eziphilayo akwi efanayo eziphilayo bayakwazi yokutshintshiselana yemfuza phakathi kweli qela, yomxhaso kwisithuba esithile ukuba yinxalenye yoluntu zasemanzini kunye nokuqhuba ngaphakathi kuyo - sabantu kaThixo. Kuye eziliqela iimpawu, yona yenethiwekhi kuphela iqela kwaye abahlule abantu yelo qela.

Okuhambisa kuxhomekeka lexinene?

Imiba efana Dynamics yenani labantu ixhomekeke mninzi yayo. Kukho iindidi ezintathu ukuxhomekeka enjalo:

• isantya sokwanda kwenani labemi liyancipha ngokwandayo mninzi. Le meko isagquba kwaye ibonisa isizathu sokuba uzinzo abanye abemi. Ngokwandisa mninzi kunciphisa ukuchuma. Umzekelo, ukuba nge-1 ngehektare of mninzi umhlaba lo ngumba omkhulu ngaphantsi kwe-1 isibini, ngoko omnye na ongalubalayo indlwane malunga amantshontsho elinesine noxinano-18 ngababini - kwenye indlwane amantshontsho ukuqanduselwa ku-8. Loo nto inika umdla Dynamics ubukhulu labantu kuxhomekeke ifuthe ezinoxinano abantu ukufikisa. It ngokucacileyo kungabonwa kwi iindlovu, kufuneka ukukwazi ukuvelisa ezinokuthi zenzeke phakathi kweminyaka eli-12 ukuya kwi-18. Ukuba konga encinane, ngoko siyakwazi ukuthetha ngokuzalwa slononka qho emva kweminyaka emine, kunye eliphezulu - omnye elephant iminyaka esixhenxe.
• Izinga Incopho lokukhula kwabemi kwi avareji mninzi. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi iintlobo eziye ziphawulwe ifuthe qela.
• Xa Uhlobo lwesithathu, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba Dynamics ubungakanani labantu, izinga lokukhula kuhlala ingaguqukanga de kufike ixesha akakafiki ezixineneyo, emva koko iqalisa ukwehla kabukhali. Olu lwalamano ibonakala ngokucacileyo ukuba labemi Lemmings. Ikhoyo kwincopho loxinano uqalisa bafuduka.

izinto zasemanzini

Ummiselo labantu lizama ixhomekeke ikakhulu yimiba zasemanzini. Chief phakathi kwabo kule meko ukhuphiswano oluthile lwento. A Umzekelo umxhelo: umzabalazo ukuzalisa (indawo). ukhuphiswano enjalo kunokubangela isiphumo Njengokungeniswa sifo (ifuthe nokomzimba). Dynamics enjalo yenani labantu waphawula ngokugqibeleleyo namabuzi. mninzi effect eliphezulu kakhulu ukusebenza komzimba kukhokelela ekuncipheni wenzala kunye nokufa nokwanda. Yiloo nto ubukhulu labemi ibuyiselwe kwinqanaba yaso yendalo eqhelekileyo.

Imiba echaphazela ubukhulu

Kukho ezinye iintlobo apho abantu abadala badla inzala yabo. msebenzi ezithile malunga lwabemi kunye nenombolo yalo kuthiwa mu. UMthetho ubungakanani labantu ukuba bunciphe. Umzekelo wale meko unako ukukhonza zakhele kwi amachibi of Western eSiberia. Ukutya abadala ali-80% lamathole eentlobo zakhe olufanayo. Uyadla abaselula kakhulu kwizidalwa ezincinane.

Ukusebenzelana phakathi eziphilayo zibalulekile ukulawula lexinene yabemi. Amarhamncwa namaxhoba, amakhalane kunye benemikhosi yabo - into ebalulekileyo nemiba lwabemi factor iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo. Ukusuka kwezi zibakala rhoqo kuxhomekeke kwi ukwanda kwabantu.

Ezinye izinto ziquka isifo. Zonke iintlobo iintsholongwane banako ukunciphisa inani kweentlobo ezithile kwabo neziphawuli eziya kubangela ngelo xesha ezilungele abantu. Oku kusebenza kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo, kuquka abantu. Nezifo Indlela fastest alaqhenqetha kwabantu ezixineneyo ephakamileyo.

iintlobo okuhambisa

Ekubeni Dynamics yenani labantu - inguqu kwinani labantu kule ababodwa, ngoko, nangona kunzima ukufumana ezimbini efanayo (twatse xa Dynamics) labantu, kodwa zinokuba ngayo, kunye iimpazamo ezincinane, kuncitshiswa ukuba iintlobo ezintathu nodaba zabantu:

1. Izinzile.
2. Enyuka.
3. Uyadubula.

Inkcazelo uhlobo ezinzileyo ukuguquguquka

uhlobo ezinzileyo - okufana iintaka ezininzi ezinkulu kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. iindlela ezisebenzayo okulawulayo ludibene amandla zasemanzini ngaphakathi labemi, kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinye abantu bangaphandle, ukuze abanike ezinye ukuhla kumanani kodwa kancinane, izihlandlo ezimbalwa, kodwa akazange umyalelo. Eyona engundoqo indima kwinkqubo ummiselo isabelo phakathi abantu ezidla kunye iindlela amaxhoba sabantu kunye nokuziphatha lwangaphakathi, ezifana emigangatho, Spatial, kunye ezifana interrelation.

uhlobo angazinzanga - okufana abantu, inani kwanokuxinana apho isusela ukusuka imiyalelo emibini ukuya kwemithathu yobukhulu. Okwanamhlanje inertial iindlela kunye intrapopulation ukhuphiswano inkqubo ummiselo inani eziphilayo loo nto ibaluleke kakhulu. Olu hlobo luphawulwa, umzekelo, izinambuzane ezininzi xylophagous.

beetle Okuninzi ixolo lume - a enyuka inani iintlobo ezithile malunga labemi, ezindidlayo neegalari ezo unina babeke amaqanda abo iinkuni larch laseSiberia.

Kule hlobo nemiba uhamba amanyathelo amathathu:

1. Izinambuzane bahlaselayo ngamnye imithi ukuba babe intlaka encinane ngokwahlukana. Bathi cell pheromone, etsala abanye abantu. Bona bagcine indawo, yaye umthi buthathaka ngakumbi. Nge mninzi ukwandisa uqala yokufudukela imithi asebumelwaneni.
2. Ukuxinana kwezinambuzane liyaqhubeka ukwandisa, yaye amabhinqa inciphise inani amaqanda babekwa. Imibungu ziqala ukuba bafe ngamanani amakhulu.
3. nengxinano yabemi okwehlileyo, kunye nokuzinziswa labantu ukuya kwinqanaba ngokupheleleyo.

Ngomhla yabemi zabonwa ixolo kuba enkulu nempembelelo bugs ngamarhamncwa. Kodwa ke ingumnqa into xa inani looqongqothwane zigcinwe kumanqanaba asezantsi neliphakathi wokukhula kwabemi ndinyanzelwe amabhungane amaxolo. Kuphela inani looqongqothwane iya isiba elikhulu - banciphisa ukhuphiswano intraspecific, okwenza ukuba kugcinwe inqanaba eliphezulu labantu.

uhlobo neziqhushumbisi kunye neempawu zayo ekhethekileyo

uhlobo zivutha - uphawu abantu kunye noqhambuko ukuzala abaninzi, xa lwamanani ngokuthi eninzi kwee-odolo. Le ngamnye inqanaba eliphezulu lobungakanani zasemanzini. Density ukuze ngokufutshane igqithe namandla yokuhlala. Emva koko ke amazwe kwenqwaba iqala. Oku ngokuyintloko libhekisela iinkumbi, iimpuku kunye nabantu efanayo.

Kunzima ukuba zazi ukubaluleka izifundo ezithile malunga kwabemi ikamva ehlabathini lonke.

Ukuba kukho ukuzala abaninzi, uze uthethe ukungabikho kolawulo interspecies ulwalamano. Emva koko abuyele esimweni ezinzileyo, inani ezingummiselo lwenzeka ubukhulu becala ngeendleko kwenkqubo intrapopulation. Ezi nketho ke ubunzima sifo, xa kukho ukugangatheka yabemi.

Uphawu olutshintshayo zabemi homeostasis. Le iseti izibakala nezinto axhomekeke lexinene ibangele ukulungiswa. Homeostasis ivumela ukuhla nokunyuka kwamanani abantu ngaphakathi norms labantu (kuthintela kwamanani kwezibonelelo zendalo). Oku kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwemvelo, zasemanzini kunye nokusingqongileyo abiotic.

Ukubaluleka esebenzayo nodaba labantu

Kwenani nganye, inani esoloko itshintsha. Xa lubekwa apho kwimekobume kude olusezantsi inani parameters (avareji), bonisa inkqubo ukulungiswa. Buyela kwi-avareji labemi kuthiwa ummiselo. Density kusoloko kukho utshintsho ixabiso layo xa isihla phezu ukutshintsha ubungakanani sabantu.

Sinokuthi ukuba Dynamics yenani labantu - ingqiqo egqiba ubukhulu amandla zasemanzini.

Ifuthe imiba yokusingqongileyo eziphilayo akuvumela ukuba ukunyenyisa ubungakanani labemi ixhomekeke mninzi yayo. Ezi ziquka ubuhlobo kunye nezibonelelo zasemanzini wemiba bume abiotic. Phantsi ngempembelelo enjalo homeostasis isethi labemi.

Laws of homeostasis

• Isiseko yenkqubo homeostatic i nenguqulo ummiselo, oko kukuthi. E. Inkqubo ukulungisa impazamo.
• Uninzi zinto zibe nefuthe sokusebenza unilateral, ezijolise umda ukukhula ubukhulu labantu esebenzayo.
• Inani luyanda ngokunciphisa imiba ummiselo xi.
• Kuba amaxabiso ezahlukeneyo ukungaqini labemi utshintsha indima yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zolawulo.

On iindlela indlela esebenzayo homeostatic, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo nemiba labemi kwenani labantu nganye. Ngethiyori, naliphi na inani unako ukukhula unlimited yabemi, ukuba akunjalo kuphela yimiba yokusingqongileyo. Ke isantya sokwanda kwenani labemi ixhomekeke kubungakanani isakhono zasemanzini.