Ilungisa zehlabathi kunye nemisebenzi yayo

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II wazisa ihlabathi intlungu kuphela nokubandezeleka. Ukufa lavakala kweli lizwe liphela, ngokuthatha ezandleni zakhe ezimnyama abantwana, abantu abadala kunye nabantu abadala. Umgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka asuse izizwe zabo kumzabalazo ntsimi. Amakhulu amawaka amadodana waya ngaphambili, ukuze abuye.

Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba imfazwe ivelise ukufa, hayi kuphela edabini, kuba nayo abahlali abachaphazelekayo. Ngaphandle ingcinezelo engapheliyo yabantu Soviet, iilahleko ezinkulu amaYuda yaseYurophu. Khusela wokugqibela yodwa mntu ulilungisa ehlabathini.

ebiza

Emva Holocaust, kwagqitywa ekubeni imbasa abo ebona nentlekele kwabantu bamaYuda. Oku uSirayeli Institute of ngenkohlakalo kunye ubuqhawe. Le yesikhumbuzo iye yasekwa ngo-1953 waza wamiselwa iziko inqununu ukuba zilondoloze imemori yamaYuda.

umsebenzi Lo mbutho

Iziko Yad Vashem uSirayeli isebenza kwi umthetho okhethekileyo wa Shoah. Yiloo nto ibizwa ngokuba KwamaYuda Ngenkohlakalo. Lo mbutho unika imbasa wesiqhelo kunye isihloko "eeNtlanga Lilungisa" abo ngexesha umsebenzi lwamaNazi akanakuhlala xa ebona abantu yamaYuda. Eli bhaso linikwa non-amaYuda engozini ubomi babo ukusindisa abo bantu ekutshatyalalisweni ekucwangciselwa yena.

lwesigama

"Umot Hasidim On-phakade", xa liguqulelwe ngokoqobo, lithetha "Lilungisa Phakathi Kweentlanga." Eli gama yasungulwa Rabbinites. Yena ibhekisela non-amaYuda abagcina imithetho oonyana bakaNowa. Abantu bamaYuda babekholelwa ukuba nabo nje ukuba enzelwe abantu ukuba babe kwihlabathi elizayo.

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala elithi livele Maimonides. Wayekholelwa ukuba ungabiza ehlonipha. Oko kukuthi, iiNtlanga wakhonza imithetho ezisixhenxe kuba alifanisa ikamva kaThixo, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba enze. Emva Maimonides ne gama abaqeshwe amagunya amaninzi zoorabhi.

Enye ingcaciso ngokuba "umot Chassidim On-umfuna" wamnika incwadi kaTsohare. Ithi amalungisa - abo non-amaYuda ngentlonelo ngayo amaYuda akazange va ukwenyanya kubo, enze okusesikweni nabo.

A ingcaciso mihla kubonisa ukuba ilungisa zehlabathi - weeNtlanga, inkxaso ye ungumYuda Ngenkohlakalo kunye nezinye neentshutshiso.

umsebenzi

Ngokuqhelekileyo xa kufikwa Ngenkohlakalo, abaninzi ndikhumbula ezimbini kuphela abalwayo. Kodwa kukho wesithathu. Ngokutsho le mbali Francois wizard, eli qela liqulethe abo basindiswayo amaYuda wabanceda.

Ukwandisa imisebenzi enjalo, kwakuyimfuneko ukuba nesibindi nje kuphela, kodwa yokuzincama. Oku kungenxa yokuba abantu wayezifihla amaYuda ezisengozini ugonyamelo. iintsapho zabo kunye nje kubo kodwa. Ingakumbi ukuphathwa kakubi waba amalungisa eMpuma Yurophu.

West ayikho kakubi kangaka yonakele, nangona kukho kwakhona eyaziwayo amaxhoba intiyo lwamaNazi. Ezinye abangcwele babulawa, abanye bafa kwiinkampu zoxinaniso. Nabani na othe inxaxheba amaYuda ukunceda, wayehlala esoyika. Woyika, kungekhona nje abasemagunyeni baseJamani, kodwa ummelwane, amazwi anti-isiJuda.

Ubungqina - ukufa Lithuanian Mykolas Shimelisa. Yena wabulawa ngenxa yamaYuda, leyo yena wazifihla kwakhe ekuncedeni abantu bezwe zasekuhlaleni. ESwitzerland, umntu onjalo ipolisa Paul Grüninger. Yena u emsebenzini kwaye atshutshiswe kuba oko wanceda ukuba bawele ngokungekho umda kumaYuda.

Ngokubanzi, nawuphi na umntu waba ukukhusela olu hlanga. Oku kungenzeka nokuba abantu abangafundanga kunye namalungu eentsapho zasebukhosini. AmaYuda wanceda emkhosini, ootitshala, ababingeleli, amafama, amagosa karhulumente kunye nabanye.

inkululeko yabantu

Ilungisa zehlabathi kungaba kulo naliphi ilizwe. E Poland, kuba xesha ngaphezulu kwama-120,000 amaYuda. Bencediswa bobabini ngabantu abaqhelekileyo nobuntu abadumileyo karhulumente. Kule mandla wayeze umbutho "Zegota", esingethe ngoncedo amaYuda kummandla ahlala. Eli cebiso lisekelwe Zofia Kozak-Schutska, baza bamnceda ukuba Irena Sendler.

Bona ayekhalazela Ngenkohlakalo kunye Netherlands, Norway, Belgium. Xa intshutshiso bakumaYuda eDenmark, bonke abemi beli lizwe wayezama ukuba eme ekhusela kolu hlanga. Awayesilwa ezinjalo yaye intsapho yasebukhosini wakhuthaza. It yayiququzelelwe phenyane: 7000 Danish amaYuda isikhephe wafika Sweden. Oku 7/8 lonke yamaYuda abantu Denmark. Ngenxa kule ubunye abantu karhulumente okulwa apho wafa amaYuda 60 kuphela.

Bulgaria iphinde yaqalisa uncedo kumaxhoba Ngenkohlakalo. Abantu wema kuba ngaphezu kwe-50 amawaka amaYuda. Tsar Boris Iii okulingene Sukunanza Germany. Oku ikwazile ukuthatha amaxhoba kumaphondo, kangangokuba-50 000 asinda. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, ngaphezulu kwama-11,000 babulawa. La amaYuda afika Auschwitz.

Nangona iJamani waba inqaba Ngenkohlakalo, kodwa wahlangatyezwa aneliseke-nkqubo yamaNazi. Abaneminyaka bohlanga 1943 ifikelele umboniso inkulu nxamnye anti-kwamaJuda. Baye uzama ukukhusela abantu babo ababathandayo, okukhanya ekuthumeleni iinkampu. Emva koko Goebbels wagqiba: Free amaYuda German zabo izalamane weza yokuhlangana, wabathuma ukuba umsebenzi efunekayo. Ngoko ke, ngaphezu kwamawaka 2 abantu basindiswe.

Ukuze kunikezelwa?

Amalungisa Phakathi Iintlanga kufuneka liphonononge iikhrayitheriya ezininzi:

• Nceda elinye / amaYuda ezininzi kwimeko kakhulu.
• Amalungisa kufuneka ukuqonda aze athathe usindiso ngokukodwa yamaYuda.
• izenzo zakhe kufuneka ibe umxholo self-okhonzayo, asifanele ukushukunyiswa ngemali okanye ezinye iindlela intlawulo.
• Assistant waya ngalo mba, nangona isoyikiso kubomi babo nobomi babo ababathandayo.
• Zonke izenzo zingqinwa amazwi abangamaxhoba welungisa nawaphi na amaxwebhu kunye neemathiriyeli, ezibonisa ubunyani usindiso.

Ezi nqobo zinceda Institute ukuba ibhaso isihloko lamalungisa phakathi leZizwe. Imfuneko engundoqo bubungqina usindiso. Amaninzi, ibe le njengenqobo imbeko umntu. amatyala nje ezimbalwa kukho embalini xa kuyimfuneko nobunye ubungqina obuziimpepha.

Izibalo kanye nosaziwayo

Ngu ekuqaleni kuka-2016 kwakusaziwa ukuba kukho iyonke 26.119 yamalungisa ehlabathini. Le amabango Iziko ukuba esinokwenziwa kwezi data, akukho imveliso, ekubeni nako ukufumana yonke ingcaciso. Kodwa ke Abaququzeleli bazithembile ukuba eMpuma Yurophu ndingamfumana abasindisi ngakumbi, ukuba kolawulo na yobukomanisi ezazisithe amazwe amaninzi.

Ngoku kunzima ukubala bonke abo babeza kuba nako ukufaka le kwisihloko obekekileyo. Noko ke, phakathi kwamazwe 51 zehlabathi ngoku siphila ulilungisa. Olu ludwe kuba elide kakhulu ukuba ushumayele. Kukho inani elikhulu leepali - ngaphezu kwe-6 amawaka abantu. Ezimbini nesiqingatha iwaka ka Ukraine, phantse 4,000 isiFrentshi, 5.500 Netherlanders, 1700 lithanda.

Kukho States apho omnye kuphela ulilungisa .. Georgia, iYiputa, Vietnam, Ireland, Cuba, Peru, Luxembourg, eJapan, njl eRashiya, le ngesiqu ezinikwa abantu 197. Zimbalwa iinkcukacha malunga abasindisi ezigqamileyo.

underground Polish

Ngowe-1914, Yan Karsky wazalelwa Lodz. Ilungisa zehlabathi kwixesha elizayo, waphila kunye kwicala oselula ecaleni kunye namaYuda. Ngomhla olwandulela kwemfazwe yena sombutho umlawuli we kwisebe ezimela. Ekupheleni Agasti 1939, wafumana umyalelo vivo ngasese. Okokuqala, Karski waye mbanjwa Soviet Army, emva kokuba exchange yaba kwindawo umsebenzi waseJamani. Ukusuka apho, wakwazi ukubaleka, wabulela athe babulawa 1940 ekuqaleni.

E Warsaw, waye wajoyina i-bokuxhathisa kwaye waye yekhuriya ye-Polish komhlaba nguRhulumente. Amaxesha aliqela ukufika ngasese France kunye Britain, ukudlulisa imiyalelo ngasese. Xa waxwilwa kwaye wathunyelwa amaGestapo. Apho ke batyakatywa, kodwa emva ukuzibulala kwakhe azame ukuba bamsindisa umbutho Polish komhlaba, nto leyo lenze umsebenzi okhethekileyo ukusihlangula Kara.

Emva kwayo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo eyangena Warsaw Ghetto, apho, ngathi ukuba lijoni Ukrainian wayebukele amaYuda abathinjiweyo. Oko awubonileyo, wayehlala entliziyweni yakhe. Yaba uthumo ungowokugqibela, uJan Karski. EeNtlanga olungileyo nako ukufikelela eLondon.

Urhulumente waseBritani, efika emsebenzini Polish ngaphantsi State waza wathetha ukubandezeleka kwabantu bamaYuda. Kamva ndafumana eUnited States wathi Holocaust Roosevelt. Le basabela Amanyeneyo ayizange ilandelwe. Kodwa Kara izama ukugcina kumaYuda, kwakunye noncedo yayo ePoland wazisa ibhaso kakuhle yayibafanele ngo-1982.

alwela German

Ngo-2016, i-Israel Institute of Holocaust kunye ubuqhawe ekuthini eJamani, phantse 600 ilungisa zehlabathi. Oku kunganxulunyaniswa, kunye Apocrypha Schindler, ngubani asindiswe ngaphezu kwama 1,000 amaYuda, ukuthatha umsebenzi wakhe. Ngoko nangoko - amalungu intshukumo "Belaya Roza" UHans kunye Sofi Sholl. Ngelo efanayo ngayo iquka eDietrich Bonhoeffer. "Lilungisa iiNtlanga vs. Wesithathu" - wabelithiyiwe umbhali umfundisi Eric Metaxas. Imbali yale ndoda yaphela kabuhlungu. Ngowe-1945, wabulawa ngenxa inxaxheba iyelenqe nxamnye Hitler.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ukusebenza kuthetha ithuba ngokubulala uzwilakhe, sekunjalo Boheffer wayeqinisekile ukuba uKristu onako ukuxolela izono, ukuba sibhekiswe kweelana ulawulo lwezopolitiko kunye nenkuthazo eliphezulu. Ukusebenza kwi Abwehr, wabanceda amaYuda ezisixhenxe ukubaleka eSwitzerland. Izimvo kunye nezenzo zawo kokufa wawongwa "Lilungisa Phakathi Kweentlanga."

Ngaphandle nje kokuba emva kokuba Bonhoeffer sele ngokuba ezininzi iicawa, wenza isitampu zokuposa, le ncwadi yakhululwa ngo-2012. Eric Metaxas wakwazi ukubalisa ibali umfundisi odumileyo. Le ncwadi "eeNtlanga Olilungisa vs. Wesithathu" imalunga yomphefumlo wezakwalizwi, iingcinga zakhe neenkolelo. Eli bali achukumisayo wendoda unako ukumelana ngenkalipho nxamnye ngokozwi lakhe.

namanye amaqhawe omzabalazo

Phakathi abaphumeleleyo kukho zokuhlala yonke. Umzekelo, 117 abahlali Nieuwlande wafumana imbasa yodumo. Ebudeni kwilali beMfazwe Yehlabathi II Bagqiba kwelokuba bafihle kumaYuda ekhaya yonke. Shoneville usapho yaba yeyokuqala, apho igcinwa kwi zokuhlala ngo-1940. Kamva ke wayifihla amakhulu amaYuda, nelawula ngempumelelo ukuze sisinde KwamaYuda Ngenkohlakalo.

Le Chambon-sur-Lignon - lokukhokhela French, nto leyo nayo iye negalelo usindiso luphuma kumaYuda. Bekukho 5 yobomi obusindisiweyo amawaka yamaxhoba. Bamfihla kummandla kamasipala yonke. Ngenxa ezenzweni umfundisi wendawo kunye nomfazi wakhe, 40 zanikwa isihloko "Lilungisa phakathi kweentlanga."