Le mbono yaye imbali inoveli "nenzolo aqukuqela i Don"

Umsebenzi creative Mihaila Sholohova inoveli ebonakalayo njenge "nenzolo aqukuqela i Don". Kulo msebenzi, umbhali livela ngokupheleleyo italente yakhe loncwadi kunye wakwazi ukunikela oyinyaniso umdla ukuchaza ubomi Don Cossacks. I-ngqangi, ejongana iziganeko kwiminyaka esithoba ubude, iye ukoyisa imiqobo emininzi phambi kokuba ashicilelwe. Njengoko savela njengoko imbali nokudalwa inoveli "nenzolo aqukuqela i Don '?

"Donschina"

Xa usebenza yingqokelela "amabali Don" Sholokhov kwafuneka ingcamango ukuchaza isabelo esimbaxa i Don Cossacks ngexesha revolution 1917. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa imbali "Cwaka Don" yenoveli. Inkcazelo emfutshane weli phulo Kornilov kwi Petrograd kunye Cossacks wabizwa ngokuba "Donschina". Ukuqalisa kunye neemakhishithi ezimbalwa yokubhala isebenza Sholokhov wayezibuza ukuba bekuya kuba incwadi umdla kubafundi. Umbhali ukhulele kwi Don ifama, ngoko ke iziganeko ezichazwe kwi-ngqangi, kufutshane kwaye zicacile. Mihail Aleksandrovich ucinga malunga nokudala umsebenzi, nto leyo eya kuchazwa nje kuphela mbuso, kodwa kwakhona iziganeko ezikhokelela kuyo. Sholokhov ulinganisa izizathu apho Cossacks baye bagqiba ekubeni bathathe inxaxheba kwiziganeko olululo, yaye kudala abalinganiswa zabo Ummiselo ziboniswa kakhulu ngokucacileyo ubomi Cossack kuloo minyaka. Ngenxa yoko, le ncwadi unika igama Sholokhov "Makube aqukuqela i Don" kwaye uqala ukubhala inoveli.

ingqokelela yezinto

Umbhali wayeza ukugqithisa le umfundi iziganeko yokwenene kuloo minyaka, ngoko ke imbali inoveli yeqhawe "nenzolo aqukuqela i Don" Sholokhov lwaqalisa utyelelo zokugcina eMoscow Rostov. Apho wafunda iimagazini ezindala kunye namaphephandaba, funda iincwadi ekhethekileyo yomkhosi kunye neencwadi kwi kwimbali Don Cossacks.

Ngoncedo labahlobo waba ufikelelo uncwadi emigre, Sholokhov ithuba lokuba baziqhelanise iinjengele amanqaku ezahlukeneyo kunye iidayari amagosa, leyo wachaza iziganeko zomkhosi. Xa ukhetha le ncwadi umbandela, umbhali wenze umsebenzi omkhulu nembali. Xa inoveli, ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa iinkcukacha amaxwebhu lemfazwe real: amaphetshana, iileta, iithelegram, nemimiselo kunye nemimiselo. Sholokhov kwakhona zafakwa kwincwadi memoirs yakhe - Umbhali wayesebenza irikhwizishini kwaye inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kumlo kunye ezihangeni. Ngoko ke, uninzi emfihlekweni baba ngenxa yokuvela ngayo umbhali.

Ukusebenza kunye nezinto

Ukuze banandiphe ngokupheleleyo emoyeni yobomi Cossack, umbhali yafudukela ngowe-1926 ukuya Don kwaye sele waqala apho ukusebenza kwi kwimveliso. Hlala Veshenskaia, umbhali yeyela kokusingqongileyo lweenkobe. UMikhail Sholokhov, okhulele phakathi Cossacks, uyazi kakuhle kwingcingane abantu ngeenxa zonke kuye, uyazi indlela yabo yokuphila kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Ngowe-1927, eqalisa ukuphuhlisa imbali nokudalwa inoveli "nenzolo aqukuqela i Don", inkcazelo emfutshane iziganeko apho umbhali uye anikwe elipheleleyo imiqulu 4. Kwathatha ixesha elininzi ukubhala isakhiwo osebenza umbhali kwafuneka ukuba sikhumbule eninzi izibakala, iziganeko kunye nabantu. Kwinoveli kuvela njengabalinganiswa ezintsha kunye amanani zembali: Tchernetsov, obomvu, Kornilov. Xa umsebenzi wakhe "Makube aqukuqela i Don" ekhoyo abantu abangaphezu kwama-200 ngokoqobo, kwakunye njengabalinganiswa ezintsha 150 wadala ngumbhali. Abanye abalinganiswa zibhengezwa ngokupheleleyo kunye kwisiqwenga inoveli, ngoxa abanye kuvela kuphela kwezinye izenzakalo.

Igama kwinoveli

Ngokuba abantu Russian i Don River iye yaba luphawu bayahlelwa Cossacks nzima. Zolani liye laba indlela ngokonwaba babantu, yaye emva koko - ndibone utshintsho zibangelwa yi-revolution. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, le Cossacks Sizibandakanye kwezolimo. Don Ifama Akukho ngaphandle - kwakukho kumhlaba otyebileyo, ngoko nezindlu ebekwe ecaleni lomlambo lo mlambo.

Ubomi umfama lulinganiselwa kwaye ifana ukuhamba ngcembe lomlambo. Kodwa ukuba khona wokufika komtshato sitshintshile labemi, kwaye itayitile yencwadi iye yafumana intsingiselo eyahlukileyo; akukhona eyayinethombo bathuleyo Don, nehlabathi Donschiny, leyo ibisoloko eyayihlala Cossacks yaye abazange babone uxolo ebomini bam.

Imbali kwinoveli "nenzolo aqukuqela i Don" sibonisa ukuba isihloko sencwadi wasebenzisa intlanganisela eziphikisanayo amagama, njengoko kwinoveli, Sholokhov umlambo oluchumileyo, kuyo kukho imfazwe, kwegazi, abantu bayafa. Kodwa kwemali evela cwaka Don amandla, kwaye Don Cossacks ningoyiki ukuphumla. Kwaye ke amajoni ubuyele ekhaya, kwaye ziya kuqhubeka bephila emhlabeni wabo elima kuyo.

ukwakheka imveliso

Umsebenzi "Makube aqukuqela i Don" - ukuba inoveli uyindumasi, njengoko kule ncwadi ibonisa iinyaniso ezisisiseko yeHlabathi yokuQala kunye War Civil, kwakunye inani elikhulu loonobumba akwi kumaqela ezahlukeneyo kwezentlalo nezopolitiko. Iziganeko yenoveli ngexesha lokugqibela emikhulu - eli-9 ubudala, echaza iziganeko ukususela 1912 ukuya th-1921. Kwincwadi yakhe zonke izenzo ophambili enxulumene ubomi babantu kunye nendalo. Imbali kwi "Makube aqukuqela i Don" inoveli ibonisa umahluko phakathi nokwakhiwa le ncwadi: oko kukuthi, kwelinye icala, uthando noxolo ebomini lizwe, yaye kwelinye - ukuhlukunyezwa kunye neziganeko zomkhosi.

Gregory Melekhov

Le mbono yaye imbali "Cwaka Don" yenoveli ziquka abalinganiswa umbhali abakuphila ziqhogene bazama ukunxibelelana Don Cossacks. In Grigorii Melehove ezidibeneyo nobuntu, kwaye awohluke zesizwe belizwe lakhe. Umbhali ubonisa ophambili ungumgcini yasekhaya, kodwa asikawaphuli naluphi na ulawulo, kunokutshiseka. UGregory iimfazwe ezahlukeneyo, kodwa yonke loo minyaka imfazwe, ngokufuthi ukuba Uyazibuza bakhumbula kwilizwe labo.

Sholokhov kudala umlinganiswa kunye amandla amakhulu angaphakathi kunye ukuzithemba, kwaye umnika ekuqaleni eneenkani. Zaguquka imbali eyaguqula indlela eqhelekileyo ye-Don Cossacks, kungqamane utshintsho kubomi yabucala Gregory. Le hero asikwazi ukuqonda kunye kwakufuneka ngaye ukuba ahlale - kunye ezibomvu okanye ezimhlophe, kwaye neqwengiweyo phakathi kwamabhinqa amabini. Ekupheleni kwale ncwadi uGregory ubuyela ekhaya unyana wakhe, ezweni lokuzalwa kwakhe.

abalinganiswa ababhinqileyo kwinoveli

Imbali okudala "Makube aqukuqela i Don" kwinoveli isixelela ukuba ukuchaza Gregory Melehova umbhali wasebenzisa emilise umlimi eziqhelekileyo Russian. UMikhail Sholokhov Ukubhala umsebenzi abalinganiswa abaphambili, bakucaphukele izimvo zabo malunga bayahlelwa yabafazi Russian.

Oku unina Gregory - Ilinichna leyo Liquka ingcamango ubunye bonke abantu kunye noonina, ikwazi ukuba nothando novelwano kude kubantu buhlungu.

umfazi Gregory kaThixo - UNatalia, ogcina eziko usapho, nangona amava zokomoya ngenxa ongenaluthando umyeni wakhe.

Aksinya kwakhona ibalasele linxano yayo inkululeko kunye bonke-esela uthando - ukholelwa ukuba umtshato ayiphumelelanga uyamthatha lonke ityala ukuhlukunyezwa imithetho nemimiselo entsonkothileyo.

Izityholo zokuveza

I ezimbini Iincwadi zokuqala, yapapashwa ngowe-1928, bazisa umbhali yimpumelelo enkulu. Wathumela iincwadi enehlombe nezimemo imisebenzi, kodwa emva konyaka sengqondo uluntu iye yatshintsha. Abantu ayithandabuze into yokuba umbhali mncinane, uthambile ubhale umsebenzi onjalo amandla enkulu yokuluka ngokwakho. Ekuqaleni lokubhala "I Angawokuphumla Don", umbhali wayeneminyaka engama-22, kwaye ezi mpumelelo zoncwadi ukuze lihlawulwe - omnye ukuqokelelwa kuphela amabali amafutshane. Eguquguqukayo kudalwe kananjalo ngenxa yesibakala sokuba iincwadi ezimbini zokuqala umbhali ubhale kwiminyaka nje 2.5, yaye eneneni Sholokhov ingqalelo umntu abangafundanga, ngokuba abathweswe kuphela ukususela kwiBakala 4.

Kwakhona liphakamisa amathandabuzo malunga mbhali kwimbali inoveli "nenzolo aqukuqela i Don", isishwankathelo apho kwafunyanwa kusolwa engxoweni kufutshane igosa emhlophe yapapashwa umsebenzi wakhe njengoko Sholokhov. Ukungqina zimsulwa umbhali kwafuneka ukuba aqokelele uthumo ekhethekileyo, aze asebenzise ngayo ukuphikisa intlebendwane. Ngenxa yoko, ingcali ezintathu - graphology, ukuchonga obubhaliweyo - wazo siqinisekiswe.

Ukupapashwa kwinoveli

Iincwadi yokuqala neyesibini yaba yimpumelelo enkulu kunye nabafundi; kodwa kokupapashwa isahlulo sesithathu ingxaki. isahluko wayo wokuqala eyapapashwa kwiphephandaba, kodwa ke, le miba baye bayeka. Isizathu kukuba Sholokhov umbhali yokuqala iinkcukacha ngokupheleleyo wachaza iziganeko kweMfazwe Civil. Imbali kwi "Makube aqukuqela i Don" inoveli isixelela ukuba le ncwadi wesithathu izahluko yonke anqamka yi ngabahleli. Sholokhov wakhetha ukuba ukwenza utshintsho.

Abahlalutyi yoncwadi wafuna ukubambelela Gregory Melehova ukuya Bolshevism, kodwa abafundi baya kukuvuyela ukuya uthabathe ezikhethiweyo hero, njengoko oku isigqibo efanelekileyo kuye. isicatshulwa ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi ngaphandle izilungiso nezongezo kumhleli lwapapashwa kuphela ngo-1980.

Imbali okusungula kwinoveli yeqhawe "nenzolo aqukuqela i Don" kwakungelula, kodwa, nangona zonke iinzima, inoveli ifumene udumo lonke wathola nothando abafundi abasuka kumazwe awahlukeneyo.