Uluhlu lwemibutho kwindawo ekhethekileyo yoqoqosho "Alabuga"

Ngo-2005, kulo lonke elaseRashiya, iindawo ezikhethekileyo zoqoqosho (ii-SEZs), okanye, ngamanye amazwi, iindawo zentlalo yamahhala (SEZs) zaqala ukubonakala . Injongo yokudala izixhobo ezinjalo kukuphuhliswa komgangatho wemveliso yombuso okanye izinto ezithile zelizwe. Ukongezelela, iinjongo zinokuthi zithathwe kwisisombululo senoma yiphina imisebenzi, ebandakanya urhwebo lwangaphandle, uqoqosho loqoqosho, uluntu, isithili, isayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye nabanye abaninzi.

I-Alabuga, indawo ekhethekileyo yoqoqosho yaseRiphabhlikhi yaseTatarstan, nayo ikwazo zinto zentlalo yophuhliso. Ngalo kwaye kuya kuxutyushwa kule nqaku.

Yintoni "i-Alabuga"?

Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo edlulileyo, into ebalulekileyo yenziwe kwintsimi yesithili sase-Elabuga (i-Nizhny-Kamskaya agglomeration eRiphabhulikhi yaseTatarstan) ngesigqibo sikaRhulumente waseRussia Federation. Le yona ndawo ekhethekileyo yocandelo loqoqosho lohlobo lwezoqoqosho ("Alabuga") kulo lonke elaseRashiya. Kukho iikhilomitha eziliwaka ukusuka kwikomkhulu yaseRashiya, kwaye indawo yalo ihektare ezingama-2000. Kungenzeka ukuba le ndawo ingaba enkulu, kodwa, ngokutsho komthetho wesigqeba "KwiiNdawo eziPhambili zoQoqosho kwiRussia Federation", indawo yendawo enjalo ayikwazi ukudlula iihektare ezingama-4000.

Ubukho be-SEZ "Alabuga" buya kudlula kude kube ngu-2054, njengoko le mimandla idalwe kuphela iminyaka engama-49, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukwandisa eli xesha. Kodwa ngexesha elinjalo into enokukwazi ukuyisebenzela kakuhle inzuzo karhulumente ngokubanzi kunye nommandla ngokukodwa. Emva koko, kwindawo ekhethekileyo yezoqoqosho "i-Alabuga" kunesimo esithile esisemthethweni esisusa imimandla ethile ngokwemisebenzi yamathuba ezoqoqosho kumashishini angaphandle nakwamanye amazwe.

Inkampani yolawulo yale SEZ yiJSC SEZ PPT "Alabuga". Abanini-masabelo: amashumi anesithandathu ngamaphesenti - i-JSC "iiNdawo eziZodwa zoQoqosho", iipesenti ezingamashumi amathathu nesine - uMphathiswa wezoMhlaba kunye noBudlelwane beZakhiwo zeRiphabhliki yaseTatarstan.

Lo mhlaba wezoqoqosho wenziwa njani?

Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, "i-Alabuga" (indawo ekhethekileyo yoqoqosho) yasungulwa ekupheleni kuka-2005. Kodwa yintoni eyanyanzelela uhulumeni ukuba enze into enjalo?

Isidingo sokuphuhliswa kwemveliso kunye nokuvulwa kwezityalo ezinkulu kwanyanzeliswa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba umthetho okhutshwe kwimimandla ekhethekileyo yoqoqosho ikhutshwe. Imimandla emininzi yayinomdla kwezi zinto. Izicelo ezingama-73 ze-SEZ zidalwa ziqwalaselwa. Ngoncedo lwempikiswano isayithi latyunjwa kwiYelabuga. Ngoko yenziwa "i-Alabuga" - indawo ekhethekileyo yoqoqosho.

Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba kutheni iRiphabhlikhi yaseTatarstan ineyona nto inzuzo ekwakhiweni kwe-SEZ. Yonke into ilula kakhulu - lo mmandla ungowona uphuhliso olusetyenziswe kulo lonke elaseRashiya. Kukho ubukhulu obuphezulu ngokubhekiselele kobugcisa.

Inkcazo emfutshane

Ukuqwalasela ukuba injongo ephambili yokudala indawo ekhethekileyo yoqoqosho kukuphuhliswa kwemoya elungileyo kwimimandla yoshishino, kuyacaca ukuba kutheni ukuba iinkampani zengingqi nezangaphandle zibe nxaxheba. Ukulandela ulwalamano lwe "Alabuga" (indawo ekhethekileyo yoqoqosho) - amashishini afanelekileyo kwimveliso yezoshishino anika inzuzo ekuphuhlisweni kwenkampani yonke.

Ukuba siqwalasela lo mbandela ngokubanzi, ke inzuzo kumashishini xa utyalo-mali kwi-SEZ ecacileyo lubonakala. Abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana iintlawulo ezikhethekileyo zerhafu, kwakunye nepropati yomhlaba elungiselelwe ngokupheleleyo ukulungiswa ngokupheleleyo kwiprojekthi. La mathuba ngumnikelo onzima kakhulu. Abo banqwenela ukutyalomali kwi-SEZ "Alabuga" kufuneka bazi ukuba lemali elincinci isetyenziswe kwii-3 yezigidi ze-euro.

Izibonelelo zezothutho kunye neZiko

Indawo ye-Alabuga (indawo ekhethekileyo kwezoqoqosho) inenzuzo kakhulu. Iimitha ezili-mitha ezimbalwa ukusuka kwi-SEZ zilele umgwaqo omkhulu we-M7. Ukongeza, kwintsimi yesibonelelo kukho igatsha lesitimela, ubude balo malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-5. Ekufuphi sikhululo sesitimela "Tikhonovo" (iikhilomitha ezili-18 ukusuka kwi-SEZ). Ezi zicaciso zicaca ukuba ukulayishwa okanye ukulayishwa kweempahla eziyimfuneko akubangeli ubunzima, ngenxa yokuhamba kwezothutho.

Kwisondelelo esikufutshane sisikhululo samazwe ngamazwe saseBegishevo- ukuya kuyo kuphela iikhilomitha ezingama-45 kuphela. Kwakhona kufutshane nesibonelelo semithombo yamanzi - eKazzan, eNaberezhnye Chelny naseChistopol zikhona izibuko zomlambo olwandle.

Ngokubhekisele kwizibonelelo zamasiko, kukho izinto ezintsha, kuquka nesiphelo sesitimela, iqonga lomgca kunye nezinye ezininzi. Ngaphandle kwezi zixhobo, i-SEZ ayikwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.

Izibonelelo zoshishino kunye nezoshishino

Iziko lezolawulo kunye nezoshishino zibandakanya izibonelelo ezinjengeziko le-SEZ, isakhiwo sabathathi-nxaxheba bommandla kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko (iholo yeenkomfa, isebe lebhanki, i-imeyile, isikhungo sezokwelapha, indawo yokutyela, njl. Inkqubo yokuqinisekisa umsebenzi wezoshishino kunye nezakhiwo zolawulo kunye neenkonzo eziyimfuneko zoluntu kunye namaziko akwenza njengenkqubo ye "Window One".

Le nkqubo yenziwe ngenjongo yokwenza lula nokusebenzisana ngokulula kunye namaziko afanelekileyo. Kwakhona, "Ifowuni enye" inoxanduva lokugcina indawo efanelekileyo yokuphuhliswa kweendidi zezoshishino. Isiza sokuqala, esinezixhobo zobuchwepheshe obufanayo, saba yi-SEZ "Alabuga", iindawo zaseRashiya ezikhethekileyo kwezoqoqosho zihlala zivavanya kule mimandla.

Izibonelelo zorhwebo zihlelwe kumgangatho ophezulu: zonke ii-sites eziphantsi kwamashishini zinxibelelwano oluyimfuneko. Njengoko uyakubona, i-SEZ yenza konke ukuthuthuzela kwabathathi-nxaxheba kunye nomsebenzi wabo osebenzayo.

Ukuphononongwa kwemisebenzi ye-SEZ

Izalathisi zomsebenzi osebenzayo wendawo ekhethekileyo yoqoqosho "Alabuga" ayinakucelwa. Amaziko amaninzi axabisa kakhulu imisebenzi ye-SEZ. Ngokomzekelo, i-arhente ethi "Rus-Rating" ichaza le nto njengezinzile kwaye ithembisa. Ngenxa yezigqibo ezinjalo, izinto ezininzi ziqwalaselwe ngolu hlobo: le yembali yokuphuhliswa kwe-SEZ, kunye nendawo kwizothutho kunye neendlela zokurhweba, kunye nomgangatho wezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo. Ukongezelela, kukho ezinye iimeko ezininzi ezichaphazela indawo yendawo kwindawo yokulinganisa.

Ngokwezinye iingxelo, umhlaba wezilwanyana kwindawo ekhethekileyo yoqoqosho akuyona indawo yokugqibela. Uluhlu lwabathathi-nxaxheba luquka iiprojekthi ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo zamafemu asekuhlaleni nakwamanye amazwe, okwenza imisebenzi yokudala indawo efanelekileyo kwizilwanyana ezithile. Umthetho weRussia Federation ulawula ezininzi izinto ezinje, umzekelo, ukunyamalala kweentaka. Ummandla okhethekileyo wezoqoqosho "u-Alabuga" ngoncedo lwamanye amashishini anceda ekunyamekelweni kwendalo.

Ngaba utyalo-mali luhlawulelwa kwi-SEZ?

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukutyalo-mali kwiindawo ezinjalo akusizi nje kuphela ukuphuhliswa kweshishini, kodwa kubangela ukuba kubuyiselwe imali ekubuyiseleni kubasomali ngokwabo. Ukongeza, ukukhululwa kwiintlobo ezininzi zerhafu (umhlaba, ipropati, izithuthi) kukhangisa kakhulu. Urhulumente unikezela ngeengqinisekiso zokungahlaziywa kweenzuzo zerhafu, eziqinisekisa ukukhula okuzinzile kwabatyalomali.

Inzuzo iphantsi kwerhafu encinci. Kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala, isantya semali ekhulwini kuphela, ipesenti yesibini neyesisixhenxe, kwaye emva koko, ngaphambi kokuphela kwepesenti ze-SEZ ezilishumi elinesihlanu nesigamu.

Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi yamasiko eyenziwe kwiimpahla zangaphandle kunokunceda abanini-mali bathengise imali. Ukutsaliswa kwe-SEZ akuqinisekanga, kwaye iingeniso zayo kubathathi-nxaxheba zicacile.

Uluhlu lwamashishini ommandla

Ukuba sicinga ngokucacileyo into enjengomhlaba okhethekileyo wezoqoqosho "i-Alabuga", uludwe lwemibutho luya kubonakala lukhulu. Inani labatyalomali sele seli-49. Nanikezwa ngamathuba okuphuhliswa kwishishini ngoncedo lwale-SEZ, kukho ithuba eliphezulu lokunyuka rhoqo kwabathathi-nxaxheba.

Phakathi kwamafemu-abatyali bezoshishino zoshishino. Phakathi kwabo ngabahlali abalandelayo:

• I-Ford Sollers Elabuga LLC yinkampani eyenza iimoto kunye neeSUV phantsi kwelayisensi evela kwiFransi.
• LLC "Belaya Dacha Alabuga" - ivelisa imveliso yemifuno kunye neladidi.
• LLC "I-NTC MSP" - ivelisa iinkqubo zokuhlambuluka kwegesi zokukhupha iimoto.
• LLC "Amitek" - ukuveliswa kweepayipi zemiqolo ye-fiberglass.
• LLC "Iibhotele zobuGcisa" - ivelisa ibhetri yeemoto.
• LLC "Heliotechnika Sirius" - usebenza ekuphuhliseni nasekudalweni kweepaneli zelanga.
• LLC "I-A-Star" - ivelisa iimveliso zesitashi ezivela kwizinto zengqolowa.

Ukongeza kwiikhampani ezidwelisweyo, kukho inamba enkulu yabemi abachaphazelekayo kwimimandla ekhulayo ukuze bakhiqize izinto ezidibeneyo. Phakathi kwabahlali kukho amabini amashishini asekuhlaleni (kwiimeko ezigqithiseleyo, ukusebenza kunye neendawo zokuvelisa kwintsimi yeRussian Federation), kunye nabameli beenkampani zenkampani zangaphandle.

Ekugqibeleni

Amathemba omsebenzi kummandla we "Alabuga" awunamkhawulo. Umsebenzi we-SEZ ubonisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ngoko ke, utyalo-mali kuloo nto unenzuzo ecacileyo. Ukuxhaswa kwemali karhulumente kunika iziqinisekiso zokuphuhliswa kokuqhubeka kwazo zonke izakhamuzi ze-SEZ.