Le op-amp: uhlobo yesekethe, isimiso ukusebenza. Lo mshini wesekethe kwi non-inverting msindo zokusebenza. Scheme dc ombane ngombhobho msindo zokusebenza

Eli nqaku liza kuqwalaselwa umgangatho yesekethe msindo yi msindo zokusebenza, kunye yimizekelo yeentlobo ezohlukeneyo ukusebenza kwale divayisi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho namnye iyunithi yolawulo akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa yokukhulisa zokusebenza. Le izixhobo ubhetyebhetye ngokwenene akuvumela wenze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo uphawu. Malunga nokuba isebenza njani yaye yintoni kanye yenza kube lula ukwenza oku sixhobo wena ufunde on.

inverting sesimangalo

Driving sesimangalo inverting op-amp ilula ngokwaneleyo, ungabona kwi kumfanekiso. Xa ezingundoqo kwalo msindo yokusebenza (uhlobo lonxibelelwano liyiqwalasele kweli nqaku). Ukongeza, apha:

1. Le resistor R1 yolahlo ombane ekhoyo kwi ixabiso oko kunto-nye njengegalelo.
2. Xa resistor R2 naye une oluwayo ombane - oko kunto-nye njengoko imveliso.

Kulo mzekelo umlinganiselo imveliso ombane yexabiso ukumelana R2 sele igalelo ngokuphathelele R1, kodwa emva mqondiso. Ukwazi amaxabiso ombane kunye nokumelana kungabalelwa inzuzo. Ukuze wenze oku, yahlula imveliso ombane ukuya ombane igalelo. Kule msindo zokusebenza (isenza i beesekethe ukuze abe nayiphi na) ukuze inzuzo efanayo kungakhathaliseki uhlobo.

Imisebenzi impendulo

ingxelo umsebenzi - ngoku enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo kufuneka uqonde ngakumbi. Masithi, emnyango kukho ukungaqondani ethile. Ukuze kube lula, izibalo ziya ixabiso 1 V. Zicingele ukuba R1 = 10K, R2 = 100 ohms.

Ngoku masithi ukuba kukho imeko esingenakubonwa kwangaphambili, ngenxa apho eqongeni ombane yemveliso sele imiselwe ku-0 V. Okulandelayo, kukho indlela yenkqubo enomdla - resistances ezimbini uqale ukusebenza ngababini, kunye abayila ukusuka isihluli ombane. Xa imveliso ye inverting sigaba kugcinwa 0,91 V. Oku kuvumela OS ukulungisa amagalelo ukungafani, kunye nokunciphisa ombane yemveliso kwenzeka. Ngoko ke, uyilo umzobo elula kakhulu yokukhulisa zokusebenza, msindo uphawu apho liyakuqonda umsebenzi wexesha elongezelelweyo lomenzi woluvo, umzekelo.

Kwaye olu tshintsho luza kuqhubeka kanye pores, okoko nje wahlala phantsi ixabiso yemveliso uzinzile kwi-10 V. Yaba ngawo lo mzuzu kwi kwizimvo ezinikwe zikomiti ngethuba nekhono msindo zokusebenza bayalingana. Kwaye baya kuba efanayo njengoko isakhono emhlabeni. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ombane imveliso ye ifowuni iza kuqhubeka ukunciphisa, yaye oko kuya kuba ngaphantsi kwe -10 V kwi isakhono igalelo uba ngaphantsi koko umhlaba. Nomphumela - voltage output iqala ukwandisa.

Kuhlelo okunjalo engxakini - le ukuvimba igalelo incinane kakhulu, ingakumbi yokukhulisa ezinexabiso eliphezulu inzuzo ombane, ukuba ndzhendzheleko ingxelo ivaliwe. Uyilo, kuxoxwa elandelayo, anqunyulwe onke ezi ntsilelo.

I non-inverting ngombhobho

Lo mzobo ubonisa umzobo msindo non-inverting yi msindo yokusebenza. Emva kokuhlalutya ngayo, sinokwenza izigqibo ezininzi:

1. ixabiso ombane UA elilinganayo igalelo.
2. Nge ehlukanisayo le ombane UA, leyo lulwahlulo ombane yomsebenzi imveliso isixa R1 kunye R1 R2 resistances.
3. Kwimeko apho ixabiso UA lilingana ombane igalelo, lo inzuzo lulwahlulo ombane imveliso igalelo (okanye Yingcambu ukuya resistances R2 kunye R1 wongeze iyunithi).

Esi sakhiwo kuthiwa lo mshini non-inverting, ukuba unalo igalelo ukuvimba phantse ongapheliyo. Umzekelo, ukuba yokukhulisa zokusebenza 411 uthotho ixabiso layo - 1012, ubuncinane. Kwaye yokukhulisa zokusebenza usebenzisa eguquguqukayo semiconductor transistor, ngokuqhelekileyo ezingaphezu 108 ohms. Nantsi ke ukuvimba imveliso ye ndachithelwa, kwakunye kwisikimu ekuxoxwe ngazo ngaphambili lincinane kakhulu - ohms share. Kwaye kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo xa kubalwa lwenziwa iisekethe yokukhulisa zokusebenza.

Scheme AC sesimangalo

Zombini izikimu kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku ngaphambili kwi yangoku ngqo. Kodwa ukuba kukho umgangatho wonxibelelwano input uphawu imvelaphi lo mshini ikhonza alternating current eya kubonelela komhlaba ekupheleni igalelo. Kwaye kufuneka ukuba uhlawule ingqalelo yokuba ixabiso yangoku lincinane kakhulu ngobukhulu.

Kwimeko apho kukho AC komeleza uqhubukusha kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa inzuzo kumanyano uphawu DC. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi kwiimeko apho inzuzo ombane mkhulu kakhulu. Ngalo oku kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa kakhulu impembelelo yengcinezelo shear, nto leyo kunikwa isixhobo sokufaka.

Umzekelo sesibini wesiphaluka nalamazwe ombane nokuxuba

Xa eli cebo, kwi -3 dB kunokubonwa umgca frequency 17Hz. Kubonakala ukusuka ukuvimba le capacitor kwi wayedla ezimbini. Ngoko ke, lo capacitor kufuneka zibe nkulu ngokwaneleyo.

Ukuze ukwakha i-AC ngamandla, kufuneka usebenzise non-inverting uhlobo iisekethe yokukhulisa zokusebenza. Kwaye umele ukuba ube inzuzo enkulu ombane ngokwaneleyo. Kodwa nantsi capacitor kuba kukhulu kakhulu, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba uyeke ukuyisebenzisa. Liyinyaniso elokuba, kufuneka ukuba akhethe ntshikilelo ekunene shear, nokulingana ukuba zero ixabiso. Yaye unako ukusebenzisa nomabi ezimilise T-nokunyusa amanani kweelana zombini resistors kwisekethe.

Yeyiphi scheme Kukhethwa ukuba usebenzise

Uninzi ababhekisi iqala inike yabo yokukhulisa non-inverting, njengoko ube ukuvimba eliphezulu kakhulu kwi igalelo. Izikim indiva uhlobo inverting. Kodwa ekugqibeleni, kukho inzuzo enkulu - asiyonto eyona inzima kakhulu msindo yokusebenza, kuba "intliziyo" yayo.

Ukongeza, iimpawu, enyanisweni, yena ngcono kakhulu. Yaye ngoncedo i komhlaba wentelekelelo zizidibanise zonke iimpawu lula, kwaye akuyi kufuneka ngamnye umthelela ethile. Ingasetyenziswa kumasebe kunye wesekethe wokukhulisa DC ukuba msindo yokusebenza. Konke kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho.

Kwaye kutsha nje - kwimeko yonke scheme, ngazo apha, oludityaniswe aphuma kwezinye lo mshini zokusebenza. Kulo mzekelo, i ukuvimba input ayibalulekanga - ubuncinane 1 kW, 10, nangona yokungapheli. Kulo mzekelo, kwinqanaba lokuqala usoloko ukhonza injongo yayo ngokunxulumene elilandelayo.

zabaphindayo Driving

umlandeli Inqwelo msindo zokusebenza efana emitter eyakhelwe transistor vuvabyi. Kwaye owenza umsebenzi ofanayo. Enyanisweni, kuba msindo non-inverting, ngelo resistor wokuqala kuntsonkothile omkhulu, kwaye eyesibini zero. Kulo mzekelo inzuzo lumanyano.

Kukho iintlobo ezikhethekileyo yokukhulisa zokusebenza ezisetyenziswa ubuchule kuphela busebenze okuphindwa kweklasi. Baye ukusebenza ngcono kakhulu - ngokuqhelekileyo ngesantya esiphezulu. Ngokomzekelo, ezifana zokusebenza yokukhulisa OPA633, LM310, TL068. Le yokugqibela unomzimba ngathi transistor, kwakunye kwizigqibo ezintathu. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi yokukhulisa zibizwa nje ngokuba isebenza. Isibakala sokuba babe iipropati yokwambathisa (igalelo ukuvimba eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye output ephantsi kakhulu). Malunga eyakhelwe kulo mgaqo, kwaye yesekethe msindo yangoku msindo yokusebenza.

imo esebenzayo

Enyanisweni, kodwa indlela enjalo apho iziphumo kunye namagalelo lo mshini zokusebenza akukho igcwele. Ukuba wesekethe igalelo onikeza umqondiso omkhulu kakhulu kwi imveliso nje iqala ukusika inqanaba sokuqokelela okanye ombane emitter. Kodwa xa ombane yemveliso busisigxina kwinqanaba eso basinqumla - voltage amagalelo OC akuthethi ukutshintsha. Kule isikali akuyi kuba ngaphezu unikezelo lombane lo mshini zingenza.

iziphaluka ezininzi yokukhulisa zokusebenza ibalwa ezinjalo ukuba ubukhulu lingaphantsi kwe-ombane bonelelo 2 V. Noko ke, konke oko kuxhomekeke koko isetyenziswa ngokukodwa sesimangalo yesekethe msindo zokusebenza. Kunjalo kukho umda kwi uzinzo kwe umthombo yangoku ngokususela lo mshini zokusebenza.

Masithi kukho lwemvelaphi umthwalo ezidadayo eencwadi ombane. Ukuba yangoku kwicala eqhelekileyo yokuhamba, inokufunyanwa engaqhelekanga wokuwalayisha kuqala. Umzekelo, iibhetri eziliqela perepolyusovannyh. Oku kuyilwa ingasetyenziswa ukufumana ityala ngqo yangoku.

amanye amanyathelo okulumkela

Simple sesimangalo ombane msindo zokusebenza (yesekethe akabanyulanga) singenziwa ngokoqobo 'emadolweni kwakhe. " Kodwa kufuneka athathe ingqalelo ezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Qiniseka ukuba ukuqinisekisa ukuba zeesekethe impendulo kwi negative. Kwakhona uthi ayamkelekanga ukudida non-inverting kunye nezimvo inverting lo msindo. Ukongeza, kufuneka kubekho chain ingxelo ye DC. Kungenjalo, le amp op iza kuqalisa ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwi imo kufumaneka bantu.

Uninzi zokusebenza wokukhulisa yegalelo umahluko ombane lincinane kakhulu ngokwexabiso. Umahluko ubuninzi phakathi noninverting kunye nezimvo inverting angavalwa kwixabiso-5 V na odibanisa umthombo wamandla. Ukuba sityeshele kule kota, kuya kuba emnyango ukuya amaxabiso kunokuba enkulu imisinga eziya kukhokelela ekubeni zonke iimpawu wesekethe ziya kugxagxiseka.

Into embi kule - ukutshatyalaliswa ebonakalayo lo mshini zokusebenza. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ngaba luyayeka ukusebenza msindo yesekethe op amp ngokupheleleyo.

Hlala ukhumbula

Kakade ke, kufuneka sithethe imigaqo ekufuneka ilandelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe umsebenzi ezinzileyo ixesha elide lo msindo zokusebenza.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - DU kukho inzuzo aphezulu ombane. Ke ukuba ombane phakathi amagalelo tshintsha ukwabelana millivolts, imveliso ixabiso layo zinokutshintsha kakhulu. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukuba wazi: ukusuka imveliso op-amp uzama sifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba umahluko ombane phakathi amagalelo saphantse (kuhle ngokulinganayo) eqandeni.

Umthetho yesibini - ukusetyenziswa yangoku msindo zokusebenza incinane kakhulu, ngokoqobo nanoamps. Ukuba igalelo isetelwe transistors intsimi-isiphumo, kuqikelelwa PA. Kunokwenziwa isigqibo ukuba amagalelo musa ukuziphelisa lwangoku, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni na kusetyenziswa esebenzayo yesekethe msindo - siseko ukusebenza iya kuhlala injalo.

Kodwa musa ukucinga ukuba OU ngokwenene rhoqo litshintsha le ombane igalelo. Ngokomzimba, lo msebenzi phantse akunakwenzeka, ekubeni kwakuza kubakho ukuthobela umthetho wesibini. Ngenxa okusebenza wokukhulisa khona uvavanyo zonke izinto. Ingxelo kwisekethe unxibelelwano lwangaphandle ke idluliselwe ombane njengegalelo kwimveliso. Isiphumo - phakathi namagalelo lo mshini zokusebenza umehluko ombane ka-zero.

concept impendulo

Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ngcamango, yaye sele isetyenziswa ngendlela ebanzi kuzo zonke kwiinkalo zobugcisa. Kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yolawulo iye ndzhendzheleko ingxelo ukuba ithelekisa uphawu lwe output kunye yenani (reference). Kuxhomekeke ixabiso yangoku - kukho ulungiso kwicala elifanelekileyo. Apho inkqubo yolawulo kuba nantoni na, nkqu imoto uhamba endleleni.

Umqhubi ayicinezele phezu waqhekeza, kwaye impendulo - ekuqaleni deceleration. Xa umzekeliso umzekelo olula, siya siqonde ngcono le ingxelo kwiisekethe elektroniki. A ingxelo negative - ukuba xa ngokunqakraza enyovwayo aziqhekeza imoto ibalekisa.

Bombane ingxelo yinkqubo apho ukudluliselwa kwenzeka ukususela imveliso uphawu igalelo. Ngenxa yoko kukho kwakhona ezilalisa uphawu igalelo. Kwelinye icala, akukho nto onengqondo kakhulu, oko okuyinyani babonakala evela ngaphandle, leyo ukunciphisa kakhulu inzuzo. zohlalutyo olunjalo, ngasendleleni, abaseki ezifunyenweyo ingxelo kuphuhliso neeletroniki ezithengiswayo. Kodwa kuyimfuneko siyiqonde ngakumbi ifuthe layo yokukhulisa zokusebenza - cinga iziphaluka aluncedo. Kwaye kuyacaca ukuba kuyinyaniso kwaye kancinane kunciphisa inzuzo, kodwa ikuvumela ukuba ukuphucula ezimbalwa ezinye iinketho:

1. Lungisani impendulo frequency (ekhokelela kuyimfuneko zabo).
2. It ivumela ukuqikelela yokuziphatha lo mshini.
3. Nabakwaziyo ukuphelisa non-linearity kwaye umqondiso Bill.

Impendulo ngaphezulu (sithetha ngalo negative), impembelelo encinci yokusebenza wokukhulisa nge OS evulekileyo. Isiphumo - zonke iparameters yayo zixhomekeke kuphela koko iimpawu wesekethe.

Iyafuna ukunikela ingqalelo yokuba bonke yokukhulisa zokusebenza yokusebenza kwindlela kunye ingxelo enzulu kakhulu. A inzuzo ombane (evulelekile-loop) ingaba kufikelela izigidi ezininzi. Ngoko ke, lo wesekethe wokukhulisa kuyinto is msindo yokusebenza inzima kakhulu kwi ukuthotyelwa zonke Ipharamitha umbane kunye kwinqanaba uphawu igalelo.