Nokukhululwa yeCzechoslovakia ngo-1945

Kwaliwa ukuze kukhululwe yeCzechoslovakia waqalisa ngoSeptemba 1944. Ngelo xesha, nomkhosi wangena ummandla eli lizwe. Cinga ngakumbi indlela yenkululeko yeCzechoslovakia ngowe-1945 Amafoto imfazwe nazo ziza kuboniswa kweli nqaku.

ulwazi zembali

Nomkhosi wayesele wakhulula phantse yonke indawo Slovakia. AmaNazi bagxothwa kwikomkhulu, Bratislava, iziko woshishino omkhulu ka Brno kunye iMoravian Ostrava. Ngokwamaqela Wehrmacht wachithwa, Berlin wawa. Konke oku kwakhokelela ekuweni ibutho yaseJamani. Mthetho Fronts Italian nasentshonalanga, amajoni amaNazi yaphela besenza. majoni amaJamani waqala ukuba anikezele. Yaba spring 1945. Ukukhululwa Czechoslovakia inyathelo elilandelayo ukuya Injongo - ukutshabalalisa Fascism. imikhosi German usahamba nommandla wayo nokuqhubeka lokuzithethelela ilukhuni.

Le inkululeko yeCzechoslovakia ngo-1945: German isikhundla

Ekuqaleni May, kumgca 1, 3, 4, no-2 nd Fronts Ukrainian Ekuveleni Šternberk, Krnov, Striegau, Kamenz, Wurzen, kwintshona Stockerau, gloggnitz, Brno basigcina imikhosi yokhuselo yeqela "Centre". Wabayalela Marshal wamacebo. Kunye nabo, uxhathiso yinxalenye ngamatutu "Austria" iqela le. Ziye ke nikhokelwa General Rendulic. wokhuselo lilonke igcinwe amaqela 65, elinesihlanu regiments ezahlukeneyo neekomiti-3. Eyona imikhosi ephambili wotshaba phambi iphiko yasekhohlo kunye embindini Front 1 Ukrainian. Benze ngokusekelwe lokuzithethelela enamandla, elungiswe kwangaphambili. Phambi ephangweni lasekunene ukuxhathisa utshaba yaba imikhosi buthathaka kumnombo awadibana ezingazinzanga. Kule ndlela yesibini neyesine Fronts Ukrainian amalungiselelo utshaba uhlobo ngokuqinisa abunjwe nzulu kwebhola. Ukusebenzisa izikhundla enamandla ukulungele, amaNazi baqhubeka uxhathiso. Kwezinye iindawo, imikhosi isiJamani nokuba liqalise balwe.

Imeko yezopolitiko jikelele e Germany

Ubunkokheli lwamaNazi ekupheleni kwemfazwe nangoku ophethwe kakhulu amandla elikhulu. Angafuni phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko ingqalelo nokuphela le meko, izangqa yedwa nabaphetheyo elibusayo waqhubeka ukulandela ikhondo layo ngaphambili zezopolitiko. Urhulumente German wazama ukugqiba into eyahlukileyo neBritani kunye United States. Ngoko ke, oko bekufanele ukuba kwahlula namahlakani bafumane ixesha ukugcina kwabo. Denitskoe urhulumente kulindeleke ekulibaziseni kwangaphambili nomkhosi kwi kwintsimi yasentshona. Ngenxa oku, kuya kuvulelwa sicatshulwa lula ukuya ngasentshona, ngaphaya eya kulandelwa kwinkululeko yeCzechoslovakia ngo-1945, amaMelika kunye British. Ukongeza, imikhosi US kunye UK kungathatha uninzi kummandla Austria Germany. Kulo mba, umyalelo wanikwa imikhosi ngokungenalusini karhulumente exhobileyo. Yathi ukuba ngenxa yokuba ekulweni kumazwe Koloni ibe nantsingiselo, kuyimfuneko ukuba abeke phantsi izixhobo eNetherlands, Denmark kunye North-West Jamani. Ngelo xesha lwa eMpuma Front wayalelwa ukuba uqhubeke.

Intlanganiso yenkokheli zwilakhe

In Moravia and eBohemia lalikhula intshukumo inkululeko yesizwe. Yeyiphi nzima kakhulu imeko yomkhosi zwilakhe kwezi nkalo. Le inkululeko yeCzechoslovakia ngo-1945. zikhatshwe yokubanga yabanqolobi esebenzayo nabantu basekuhlaleni. Ngoko ke, ukuqala kaMatshi, kwakukho 20 yesizwe yenkululeko imibutho, amaqela kunye namaqela. Bona ababandakanyekayo ntliziyo angaphezu kwama-7700. Ubunkokheli lwamaNazi iye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngazo imeko eCzechoslovakia. Meyi 3 kubiza intlanganiso rhoqo. Kuwo, ngaphandle amalungu denitskogo karhulumente aye Jodl, Keitel, uFrank (irhuluneli eBohemia kunye Moravia), kwakunye oyintloko labasebenzi unxulumano wemikhosi "Centre" Natsmer. Le meko yaba amajoni ithemba. Noko ke, echasene ingqiqo, inkokheli lwamaNazi ingqalelo ukuba emuva imikhosi ngaphambili yasempuma akunakwenzeka. Kwintlanganiso, kokuxoxa ngengxaki Scherner umkhosi, lo gama kokuvumelana ukuba imeko enyanzelisa ukuba babeke phantsi izixhobo zawo, kodwa wagqiba ekubeni aqhubeke uxhathiso. Iinkokeli German waqonda ukuba xa umkhosi banikezele, yonke imikhosi German iya kuba urhulumente Russian. Kulo mba, isigqibo esithathwe ngaphambili ukuba babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo ukulinda kuqinisekiswa ntlanganiso. Ngelo efanayo ixesha ekulindeleke ukuba baqala ukulungiselela Wezomkhosi Group "Centre" ukuba kokugoduka ukuya ngasentshona, size US amajoni.

Le inkululeko yeCzechoslovakia ngo-1945 (ngokufutshane)

Imeko eliye lakhula ekupheleni kuka-Epreli kwibala zomkhosi nezopolitiko - ekuqaleni May, wafuna inyathelo ngokukhawuleza. Le inkululeko yeCzechoslovakia ngo-1945 yaqala phambi kokuba mzuzu phezu ngokoyiswa imikhosi yotshaba eBerlin. Ephakamileyo High Umyalelo wagqiba kwelokuba uqalise ukusebenza yasePrague. Meyi 1-2, kwezinye izixeko, iCzechoslovakia benze imiboniso ezikhululekileyo nxamnye amaNazi. zinaso ngokuthe ifomu imibutho ngakumbi. Le inkululeko yeCzechoslovakia ngo-1945 lwaququzelelwa yi kwindawo kakuhle kakhulu amabutho Soviet. Isebenza ku kummandla lizwe iqela yotshaba angqongwe kwi ngasezantsi-mpuma, empuma kunye entla. Apha wenza Army 1st, amanye we2 4 Ukrainian. imikhosi okuqala kumgca 650 ngekhilomitha-phakathi Krnov ne Potsdam.

Ephangweni ekunene neziko

Baqala ke ukuba ihlangane balungiselele ngenxa yosizi ngakwicala Prague. Njengenxalenye yale babemise imikhosi akhoyo yeSibini Army of the Polish Army, 3 no-4-Panzer, 1, 3, 4, 5 th Guards, angaphathi 7 imishini, kwakunye 52, 28, 13 Army. Ngelo xesha linye imikhosi nangegxalaba ekhohlo abagcina ukuziphendulela kumda ngasentla Krnov, ngasentshonalanga Levenberg. Sixth Army waqhubeka uvimba we ikampu Breslau. amajoni Ground inkxaso yesiBini Air Force. Umthetho Krasovsky. Moya eziphambili mandla kwakhona retargeted ukuya kwinkululeko yeCzechoslovakia. Ngowe-1945, xa esenza phakathi Krnov kunye Vsetin kwintlanganisela km 220, 4 Front Ukrainian akhiwa 31 th kwitanki umzimba 1, 38, 60 okanye Guards 18 Army, Moravian Ostrava kokugqiba nokusebenza. Kulo mgca inkxaso imikhosi emhlabeni enikiweyo 8 Air Army. Kumafa saso Czechoslovak division Aviation mixed 1st. Ukususela ngoMatshi 26, imikhosi i Front kaThixo ayalwa Eremenko. In the band km-350 ububanzi, ukususela Vsetín ukuya Korneyburga, ukukhululwa yeCzechoslovakia ngo-1945, iye waqhuba umkhosi Front 2 Ukrainian. In iphiko ekunene kwakukho 6, 53, 40 th Guards Tank,-1 no-4 ngesiRomania Army phantsi umyalelo we Atanasiu kunye Constantin Dăscălescu. Amajoni phambili ukuya Olomouc, kukhawulela umkhosi Front 4 Ukrainian. Nemikhosi ezishiyekileyo (Guards 1st imishini iqela amahashe Pliev, i-46th Army kunye Guards 7) ndayichitha ukuzithethelela. Phambi reserve yaba 23 Tank Corps. Ukususela emoyeni, abantu emhlabeni lowo wenziwe inkululeko yeCzechoslovakia ngo-1945, ngomhla ephangweni ekunene, inkxaso th 5 Air Army.

Ukuzaliswa lungamkeleki

Le inkululeko yeCzechoslovakia ngo-1945 lwaqhutywa kwi-km 1.220 komcu. Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, bathatha inxaxheba ekusebenzeni ezintathu Front Ukrainian iingalo oludibeneyo 20 (kubo apho ezimbini ngesiRomania kunye Polish) wemikhosi, 3 no-3 itanki umoya, 5 vehicles, owamahashe, angaphathi imishini kunye neqela amahashe imishini. Inani amajoni Soviet ngaphaya zwilakhe ngaphezu kwesiqingatha. Inani kwamatanki ibe malunga nama efanayo. A inzuzo kumkhosi lwasekhaya waba zokudubula kunye mboni. Kwakukho ixesha emithathu-ukongama wethu. Ngenxa emkhosini elilungileyo lulonke kunye imeko yezopolitiko, ngenxa siphila kumgca phambi amajoni Soviet ngexesha elifutshane sachithwa kwinkululeko yeCzechoslovakia ngo-1945.