LeMiboniso yobuciko ngamasebe angcakacileyo kunye nomculo. Art bonakele - ukuba ...

Igama lwamaNazi ukuba ubugcisa avant-garde - "ubugcisa ongcakachileyo". Adolf Hitler ingqalelo buciko yamaBolshevik, yamaYuda, anti-zentlalo, yaye ngoko ke kuyingozi kakhulu Aryans.

ukulwa bazale

Policy Cultural ulawulo lukaHitler umlomo wayitshabalalisa yonke imisebenzi zobugcisa zale mihla, yaye amagcisa ngokwabo batshutshiswa baza zinganakwa. Kwidabi lokulwa zobugcisa sisiba mandundu ithathe inxaxheba ngumlungiseleli ze nemfundo eJamani, Yozef Gebbels.

LeMiboniso yobuciko angcakacileyo ngo-1937, eBerlin, kwaba ukubonisa indlela ezilizothe ezingafanelekanga baba nemveliso a Germany asakhasayo. Ngoku ungatsalela umnxeba le misebenzi avant-garde, kodwa ke ngelo xesha avant-garde, ukuba uhamba phambili, bazibona lwamaNazi.

Art nje. Paintings ezivaliweyo

Art bonakele emelwe kwimifanekiso ebonisa imifanekiso yabantu nembono, eyinqaba, ukuba yokugutyula. Oku isibaluli ekukhetheni zobuciko ezingafunekiyo. Ungcikivo umbhali kuphakamisa uphelelo eqingqiweyo oluntu kunye nobuhle, ukuthingaza abanokukhuthaza imisebenzi yakhe, ebiza ukuba uqulukubhode, ukuphakamisa umoya abantu.

Le umntu egqibelele art kunye nobomi

ukumelwa lwamaNazi indoda egqibeleleyo kuyafana izimvo zobulumko ezininzi, ezichaza abantu abanengcwangu, obunempilo ezintle. Naxa Hellas yamandulo badumisa ubuhle umzimba womntu, babekwingqibelelo zombini emzimbeni nangokomoya.

umzimba womntu ofezekileyo njengoko eluchochoyini zobugcisa axilongwe Lessing kunye Hoggart, Leonardo kunye Dürer. iphepha wabo ichaza na olinganise ifanelekileyo umzimba womntu, ezosilethela emva ngokuvisisana lidala, nto leyo ezikhuthazwa ngamaNazi. Ngenxa yale ukuvumelana, ukuhlambuluka uhlanga ize ke inyanzeleke ukuba ukugxekwa ngokuqatha art ongcakachileyo. Ingongoma kukuba imifanekiso benithobele ekugwetyweni, phantsi umntu bonisa ukuthotywa bomntu, oko Bamgweba ke lo, kwaye hayi zonke zobugcisa avant-garde kunye ezintsha.

Ngelo xesha, Klee inikeza nabasindileyo impucuko umva iingcambu oyinyaniso uluntu, kwangaphambili ukuwa inkcubeko yaseNtshona. Kwaye ngenene, amagcisa ezininzi ngelo xesha ubuchule elibukhali uhlanga, nothando nemimoya kunye nezizwe abangekaphuhli ezingaphucukanga. Njengokuba kude njengoko kusenokubonakala ngathi engaqhelekanga, kodwa izibheno nabadlali nobu-, bevuthela yonke, atshabalalisa izityholo ekudalweni zobugcisa ongcakachileyo.

bonakalisa okubi

Phambi uHitler wasigweba art abaninzi ukulucekisa isidima sobuntu, umfanekiso ofanelekileyo, kodwa le intshutshiso kwanokupheliswa de kwakungelula. Enoba lwalunjani, ubugcisa ngamasebe angcakacileyo asinda, sisese ngomdla, nangona ayisoloko ne jonga nokuqondwa kwimiboniso bakhe. Imisebenzi kugwetywa ngamaNazi, zithathwa yobuciko art. Hi ndlela leyi, akukho mntu imveliso engafunwayo kutshatyalaliswa, uninzi nokuqokelelwa zobugcisa sisiba mandundu yayibanjwe ngamaNazi, wathengiswa eUnited States, yaye inxalenye litshisiwe ngomlilo.

Heroes of ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo

Wonke era ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko igcina umfanekiso ocacileyo umntu ngokwemfanelo kuphela amagcisa, kodwa ababhali, zobulumko, abezopolitiko, ideologists. Ukutshintsha ixesha kunye naye uze utshintshe umfanekiso ndoda efanelekileyo.

Italy Renaissance condottiere ngasekhohlo umfanekiso, saint, merchant. Germany ngumfanekiso eNtshumayeli, ummi. ENgilani - ngokohlobo umnumzana lokwenyaniso. Spain - ngendlela emishini okanye ngohlobo umnumzana amanene. Russia kunye umfanekiso umakhi, isosha ngokwasengqondweni. Kumazwe ahlukeneyo, era ezahlukeneyo nemifanekiso yakhe, ezintle necacileyo, ekhumbulekayo yi bayancokola yayo.

AmaNazi awayezama ukwakha yonke kumqolo, kwakufuneka kulo le nkqubo, kuquka kwezobugcisa. iingenelo zoqoqosho ungqamane iimbono kwezopolitiko, le nkoloseko ezifunekayo zobugcisa ngamasebe angcakacileyo ongazange anike emhlabeni. art onjalo akayi wakuthanda, ngenxa yobunzima ezingundoqo yenkampani yayitsala zobugcisa Pseudoclassical ngohlobo ziphawulwe ngokucacileyo. Ngoko ke, wena ngamasebe angcakacileyo - konke oko ezingangeniyo imbono eliqhelekileyo lwamaNazi.

LeMiboniso yobuciko ongcakachileyo kunye nomculo

Eyayibanjelwe e Munich, lo mboniso, umbutho ngenjongo ukubonisa zonke babi sobugcisa, oko kwabangela inkathazeko enkulu ekuhambeni konyaka oko watyelelwa ngabantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi ezintathu. Ngelo xesha, ukuba umahluko omkhulu, kwi Palace of Arts, kubanjwe umboniso "Ubuciko mkhulu German." Lo mboniso lizisa imiboniso ngaphezulu kwama-900, ekhethiweyo ngokobuqu Adolf Hitler. On the canvases ebonisa amajoni uhamba iindwe eJamani, izigcawu ubomi emaphandleni nasezidolophini, abafazi ze ene ezithile Nordic elungileyo yaye zininzi izinto amaNazi ukuze ibe nomdla ingqikelelo ummi ehlonelwayo waseJamani. Kwiminyaka nje embalwa intshutshiso Hitler kunokubangela umdla nanto avant-garde art.

Ukongezelela ngabapeyinti imizobo bathi sculpture sisiba mandundu ubugcisa, umculo, cinema. Konke oko, ngokutsho amaNazi, bayasilela, ngokungafanelekileyo, phantsi, liye labizwa nokuzoba ongcakachileyo.

Ngowe-1938, e Dusseldorf, amaNazi wavula mboniso umculo ongcakachileyo! umsebenzi wakhe ukuba udlame okungeyomfuneko styles zomculo kunye nababhali babo. Kubekho caricatures thaca, iipowusta, playbills, ngubani na ukuba ndinyeliswe umculo ezingamkelekanga nabadali yayo. Kukho baye nezixhotyiswe njengexhobongo olulodwa apho ubona ngokwakho ukuba lo umculo sisiba mandundu, ukumamela kuye. Ngu imisebenzi ezingasebenzi wathwala imisebenzi yi Stravinsky kunye Hindemith, Mendelssohn kunye Offenbach. Phantsi kokuvulwa "I Threepenny Opera", njengoko Umqambi ungumYuda. Ingqalelo isilela yaye jazz umculo, njengoko yaba abamnyama, yaye kwaba kubi lwamaNazi ulawulo ngokobuhlanga.

Nezimo kusengaphambili imigangatho

Lo mboniso lunikezelwa "musical Imperial Congress" eyayibanjelwe e Dusseldorf aphinde adlale umahluko, njengoko kunjalo yokudweba. AmaNazi uxhalabe impembelelo iyingozi le United States umculo bamazwe German. Ukanti ukhetho labaviwa Wesithathu bazale wenza ngobunono kwi-nkqubo angaphandle. Umzekelo okumangalisayo yaba umqambi Hungarian antifascist Bartok. Nangona amazwi akhe ukuze ulawulo lukaHitler, akuyi kuphela esalelweyo, kodwa waqhubeka enze imisebenzi yakhe lonke elo lizwe, njengoko Hungarians ngelo xesha babehlangene zaseJamani.

Ngokwahlukileyo kulo mboniso zobugcisa bonakele, lomboniso umculo ngamasebe angcakacileyo baba impumelelo, yaye kwiiveki ezintathu yaye kuvalwa konke konke. Kwaye ke imisebenzi "abantu ababi" ubukhulu yobuciko imihla yethu.