Lo mgaqo uyasebenza yesibali Geiger kunye dosimeters mihla

Luveliswe German yamachiza isixhobo Hans UWilhelm Geiger ngo-1908 uyakwazi ukumisela yemisebe ionizing sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi imihla yethu. Isizathu soku ke uvakalelo oluphezulu sefowuni, ukukwazi kwalo ukubona ezahlukeneyo radiation. Lula ukusetyenziswa kunye nendleko eziphantsi kwenza kube lula ukuba ukuthenga Geiger sibali nabani okhetha ukuba umlinganiselo ngokuzimeleyo kwinqanaba radiation nangaliphi na ixesha kunye nayiphi na indawo. Yintoni na le sixhobo kwaye isebenza njani?

Lo mgaqo uyasebenza yesibali Geiger

Xa uyilo, ikhawuntala Geiger ilula. Le container esivingciweyo electrode ezimbini Impontshelwa umxube igesi equka neon kunye argon, leyo insimbi lula. Inikezelwa i electrode ombane aphezulu (malunga 400 V), nto leyo hayi nesenzeko obhobhozayo kubangela de kanye nje xa eliphakathi sukube kwifowni akuthethi ukuqala inkqubo ionization. Ukubonakala wavela ngaphandle amasuntswana kukhokelela ekubeni electron zaseprayimari olukhawulezisiweyo kwintsimi efanelekileyo, baqale ionize molecule ye sukube medium. Ngenxa yoko, phantsi kwempembelelo esigangeni yombane ebangela Ezincwadini elektroni kunye nokudalwa ion ezitsha kabukhali ukwandisa conductivity efini ion-electron. Le medium Geiger yokumpompoza sukube kwenzeka. Inani la ukuba kwenzeka kwisithuba sexesha elichaziweyo ixesha umlinganiselo ngqo inani kwamasuntswana ezirekhodiweyo. Loo mgaqo jikelele counter Geiger.

Inkqubo umva, apho eliphakathi sukube luphinda lubuyiselwe kubathathi-kwimeko yangaphambili lwenzeka ngokwalo. Phantsi yesenzo halogen (idla ichlorine okanye bromine) kwithuba eliphakathi livela olunamandla recombination zeentlawulo. Le nkqubo kakhulu kancinci, yaye ke ngoko ixesha elifunekayo ukubuyisela uvakalelo ka Geiger counter, - luphawu ebaluleke kakhulu abagcine yesixhobo.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba izenzo a Geiger counter umgaqo ilula, oko unako ukuphendula kwimitha ionizing kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. It α-, β-, γ-, kwakunye X-reyi, neutron kunye nemitha yelanga. Konke kuxhomekeke kuyilo kwefowuni. Ngenxa yoko, i window ekungeneni ekhawuntaleni Geiger, ekwaziyo lokubhaqa soft α- kunye β-radiation yenziwe kaMika Ebubanzini microns-3 ukuya kwi-10. Ekufunyanisweni kwe -X reyi kokuba wenziwe beryllium, kunye yiultraviolet - zwi.

Apho wasebenzisa counter Geiger

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo i-counter Geiger sisiseko amaninzi dosimeters mihla. Ezi zixhobo ezincinane ukuba ngendleko ephantsi kakhulu, lunobuntununtunu kunokuba eliphezulu kwaye bakwazi ukubonisa iziphumo ngeeyunithi zabantu-olufundeka ngomatshini. Ubulula bokusetyenziswa ikuvumela ukuba ukusebenza ezi zixhobo, kwanabo ingqiqo elikude kakhulu dosimetry.

Ngokwezi iimpawu kunye nokuchaneka ngokwemilinganiso dosimeters professional kunye nomthengi. Ngoncedo kubo ungenza ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo ukujonga umthombo ionizing radiation ifumaneka kwiindawo ezivulekileyo kunye ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo.

Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa kumsebenzi siseko yesibali Geiger, unako ngexesha ukufaka ingozi uphawu zombini ngokusebenzisa ngemiqondiso okubonakalayo nomsindo okanye ukungcangcazela. Ngoko ke, ungasoloko ngetshekhi ukutya, impahla yokunxiba, ukuhlola ifenitshala, izixhobo zombane, ukwakha izinto njalo-njalo. D. Ngenxa yokungabikho yingozi umzimba kwimitha.