Radiation ionizing

Ionizing radiation - oko kukuthi, ngengqiqo ngokubanzi ilizwi, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwiinkalo ngokwasemzimbeni kunye microparticles. Xa kujongwa ukusuka kwindawo emxinwa lwembono, asisiso kuye, ultraviolet radiation uluhlu ngokukhanya okubonakalayo, kwezinye iimeko nga ionizing. Kwaye radiation microwave na ionizing unomathotholo bands, kuba amandla yabo alanelanga ukuba ionization neemolekyuli kunye atom.

Kweli hlabathi namhlanje buye radiation ionizing ngokubanzi. Oku, enyanisweni, amandla linobuqaqawuli, nto leyo xa zidibene ne-bume yenza iintlawulo zombane ngemiqondiso ezahlukeneyo. Isetyenziselwa iinjongo zoxolo, ezifana ngenxa ezahlukeneyo izixhobo X-ray, izibonelelo namafutha. Oku kusetyenziswa kwezolimo.

Kwimeko yeengozi kwizityalo enyukliya amandla, udubulo enyukliya, kunye utshintshwano ezahlukeneyo yenyukliya kwenzeka kunye nezenzo alubonwanga kwaye akubonakali oluntu amalungu kathatshi ionizing radiation. radiation Nuclear inokuba kagesi ngokwendalo okanye inokuba umsinga uyivulele nkqi amasuntswana nezakhiwo - protons, alpha kunye amasuntswana beta, neutron. Xa nokusebenzisana ngemathiriyeli ezahlukeneyo ukuba ionize athom kunye iimolekyuli. I amandla ithamo radiation ionizing, ionization medium iya kuqina, kunye nobude sesichengeni kwemitha kunye yemisebe.

Abantu kunye nezilwanyana ionizing izenzo radiation ngendlela siyitshabalalise iiseli zomzimba ophilayo. Oku kunokukhokelela eyohlukeneyo izifo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko (at ngeedosi eziphezulu) afe. Ukuze siqonde kwaye bafunde ifuthe layo, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo iimpawu zayo eziphambili: ionizing kunye nesiqu namandla.

Ukuba sihlolisisa iinkcukacha nganye imitha ngokwahlukileyo ionizing (alpha, beta, wesigrike, neutron), kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba Alpha sele ionization ophezulu kunye namandla wajula buthathaka. Kulo mzekelo, impahla inokuba ukukhusela kakuhle umntu. Eyona eyingozi - kuchanwa ngamanzi, ukutya kunye umoya omzimba ophilayo. In Beta - ionization encinane, kodwa ngamandla amakhulu wajula. Akukho impahla ngokwaneleyo, kufuneka yokugubungela kakhulu ngakumbi. Neutron okanye gamma radiation abe nako eliphezulu kakhulu umnwe, ukhuseleko kufuneka babe antiradiation indawo efihlakeleyo oluthembekileyo okanye kumgangatho ongaphantsi.

Cinga ionizing radiation, iintlobo kwayo, kunye neepropati. Radioactive kakhulu ezahlukeneyo, ukuba akhiwa ngayo ngokunxulumene engagunyaziswanga ukubola radioactive of izinto nuclei atomic, kukho utshintsho kwemichiza labo kunye neempawu zomzimba. izinto ezinjalo eqhumayo. Ukuze babe nokuba zendalo (umz, Radium, thorium, uranium, njalo njalo) kunye zifunyanwa ngokusebenzisa ngumntu.

Ionizing radiation. iintlobo

iintlobo ezahlukeneyo mass ezahlukeneyo, amandla kunye kwentlawulo. Phakathi uhlobo ngalunye iiyantlukwano zalo - ngaphantsi okanye ngaphezulu ionizing kunye nokukwazi gaze, kwakunye nezinye iimpawu. Ubunzulu yale wemitha bomzimba ngokomlinganiselo isikweri lulwahlulo Umgama ukusuka eneji umthombo ngqo. Xa umgama inyuswe ukuya izihlandlo eziliqela ngegalelo lako yehliswe ngokufanelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ukunyuka kumgama kwaba sesichengeni kabini sehlile ezine.

Ubukho lweziqalelo radioactive inokuba kwi kulwelo eziqinileyo kwakunye neegesi. Ngoko ke, ukongezelela kwizakhiwo zazo, ionizing imitha na iimpawu ezifanayo ezi ithi ezintathu emzimbeni. Oko kukuthi, ukuba unako ukwenza isibini ulwelo, alaqhenqetha ngokukhawuleza emoyeni, eyonakalisayo esibhakabhakeni izixhobo komhlaba, isikhumba abasebenzi kunye nezambatho zabo, ukungena kwi isixokelelwano sokuphefumla, wokugaya kunye nabanye.