Lo theorem kunye umgaqo superposition

Lo theorem yenye imithetho ebalulekileyo electrodynamics, ngokokwakheka ifakiwe kule nkqubo kwizibalo isekhona enye ingcali yenzululwazi enkulu - UMaxwell. It ubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwemali kwempixano kwizifundo electrostatic kwaye electrodynamic nokwandisa ngapha phezu uhlobo ezivaliweyo. Igama Karl GAUSS izandi kwi lesayensi phezulu kungekho ngaphantsi kune, umzekelo, Archimedes, Newton Lomonosov. Physics, isayensi nemathematika anokufunyanwa kwiindawo ezininzi kakhulu, uphuhliso leyo yeyona ndlela ngqo zange ukunceda sisazinzulu akrelekrele waseJamani.

Lo theorem idlale indima ephambili ekufundeni kunye nokuqonda nohlobo electromagnetism. Ngokubanzi iye yaba uhlobo gabalala kwaye kwisithuba ukutyhilwa edume umthetho Coulomb kaThixo. Oku kunjalo, ayikho inqabile kakhulu kwinzululwazi ukuba isenzeko inye achazwe yaye zakhiwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa Lo theorem kuphela wazuza ukubaluleka esebenzayo kunye nesicelo esebenzayo, ibinceda ukujonga imithetho ezaziwayo-kakuhle uhlobo ngendlela eyahlukileyo kancinane.

Ngandlel 'ithile uye waba negalelo idabi ezukileyo kwinzululwazi, ekubekeni isiseko ulwazi zalamaxesha kwinkalo electromagnetism. Ngoko ke yintoni na theorem GAUSS yaye yintoni na isicelo layo? Ukuba uthathe ezimbalwa iintlawulo ngongoma emile, ngoko baswayipha kubo yamasuntswana Kuza kutsalwa umdla okanye bakucaphukele kunye amandla lilingana sum aljibra yexabiso zonke izinto zale nkqubo. Ngoko ke lilonke odityanisiweyo endle kwempixano wambumba ngenxa intsebenziswano enjalo isixa yeencindi ngamnye. Le ubuhlobo yaziwa kabanzi umgaqo superposition, ukuvumela ukuchaza ngokuchanileyo nayiphi na inkqubo wadala yi izityholo iyantlukwano, kungakhathaliseki ukuba inani lilonke.

Noko ke, xa amasuntswana ezinjalo baninzi kangaka, izazinzulu kuqala kwi izibalo kwakukho abathile ubunzima ayisombululeki kusetyenziswa uMthetho Coulomb kaThixo. Iye yandinceda ukuba boyise theorem lwabo GAUSS ukuba lo mhlaba otsalayo, Noko ke, leyo, lisebenza naziphi na iinkqubo igunya iintlawulo ukuba ombane ukunciphisa umlinganiselo ukuba r ^-2. umongo wayo kukuba inani engenasizathu namacala lingqongwe kumphezulu evaliweyo, kuya athe wampompoza elipheleleyo ngamandla elingana nexabiso elipheleleyo amandla yombane of ingongoma nganye-moya. Ngelo xesha linye siseko yentsebenziswano phakathi iziqalelo azithathelwa ngqalelo, apho lula kakhulu izibalo. Ngoko ke, lo theorem kusenza ukuba ukubala intsimi nokuba ezinenani olungenasiphelo abathwali kwentlawulo yombane.

Nakuba kunjalo, eneneni oku kunokwenzeka kuphela kwezinye iimeko, amalungiselelo zabo macala, xa kukho kumphezulu elula apho umbane ubalwa lula kunye namandla kwemali. Umzekelo, ngentlawulo uvavanyo elahliweyo ngaphakathi emzimbeni conductive isimo ungqukuva, akayi kubona oku kokuqala inyathelo amandla njengoko Isalathisi intsimi ngazo ngu zero. Ukukwazi extrude iingcingo ukusuka ezahlukeneyo yentsimi yombane ngenxa kuphela ukuba babekho kwezi abathwali kwentlawulo. Xa nesinyithi, electron ukwenza lo msebenzi. iimpawu ezinjalo ngoku ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa ubugcisa ukujikelezisa imimandla lomhlaba ezahlukeneyo apho kungekho intsimi yombane. La zichazwe kakuhle GAUSS theorem for dielectrics nawalawula kwinkqubo ye isuntswana samabanga aphantsi i azezi nokwehlukana ezigxineni zabo.

Ekuyileni iimpembelelo ezinjalo, oko kwanele amathathu ukulujikeleza macala onke kwindawo ethile ukuqina kwigridi metal uvikele. Ngoko kusikhusela kwimiphumo amasimi sombane zezona izixhobo ngendlela ethe kunye nabantu.