Luis Corvalan: Biography and Family

Luis Corvalan (ifoto ethathiweyo kamva kweli nqaku) - enye iinkokheli Communist Party of Chile. inkxaso yakhe kubalulekile ukuba eze amandla ngo-1970, Salvador Allende, ukunyulwa intloko yokuqala abangabaxhasi bakaMarx akulo saseNtla Koloni. Wafa e Santiago, ngoJulayi 21, 2010 eneminyaka engama-93. I-Communist Party of Chile ngokufa kwakhe with "buhlungu olukhulu."

kisayo Allende

Itheko, apho imibutho inkulu yobukomanisi e Latin America, iye yaba undoqo mdibaniso ekhohlo ikhokelwa ngugqirha kunye inkokeli Socialist Allende. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso ndawonye ngoloyiso yakhe wonyulo lomongameli kratya encinane ngo-1970 kuya kuba nzima.

Allende, ngubani uhulumeni ishishini Chilean ngexesha ukhokelo yakhe lizwe, bazibulala emva kokuba yabhukuqwayo yazibandakanya yasemkhosini ngo-1973, Corvalan, umcebisi wakhe, wabaleka emva mdibi. unyana okwakukuphela kwakhe wahlukunyezwa, kodwa wala ukutyhila kanti uyise wakhe.

Khona engama 70

inkokeli HRC Kamva wafunyanwa entolongweni. Kwiminyaka emithathu ehlabathini lonke wakhalisa slogans: "Inkululeko ngokuba Luis Corvalan!". Ekugqibeleni, ngoDisemba 18, 1976 e Zurich Airport wathabatha kwananwe ngayo ngenxa ophikisana yiSoviet Vladimir Bukovsky.

Brezhnev, isikhumbuzo sakhe 70 belubhiyozelwa ngosuku olulandelayo, zanyanzelisa esi sipho. Chilean wawufaneleka yakhe yobukomanisi Latin American kunye ally elinqatyisiweyo USSR.

Corvalan avela bume Sasungulwa. Waba ngomnye ndawonye kakhulu abadumileyo eMzantsi Merika, ebudeni bale minyaka ingamashumi amathathu aphambili Chilean Communist Party. Walandela ngokungqongqo umgca bepati, ifakelwe eMoscow, ukuya inkxaso lokuhlasela eSoviet Union yeCzechoslovakia ngo-1968, yaye apho umgca enye iye kubiza kakhulu ukuba intsebenziswano enkulu kunye non-amaKomanisi, Luis Corvalan uthe eqondisa eceleni. "Thina musa ukubeka onke Democrats lamaKristu ngobozini-nye" - wathi kwi-Congress of Communist Party yeCzechoslovakia, wayebhekisela imibutho ukuba ekunene umfelandawonye Marxist.

umgxeki Allende

Corvalan wagxeka yobusoshiyali ulawulo lwezoqoqosho yinkomo edla wazikhuphulula kwezo nomdla namahlakani ezininzi umfelandawonye ka revolution ekungxoleni yokubhala Cuba. kungengakuba wayesoyika ukukhangela Economist endala, wathi ukuba isigqibo Allende banyuse imivuzo zabasebenzi ngaphandle ukwandisa kwemveliso le unobangela kwamaxabiso.

Luis Corvalan waqiniseka ngokwaneleyo ukuba bagxeke umongameli ngokobuqu, esithi wehla waya afe waza waqalisa ukuphinda. Allende "wabonisa iimpawu zazimi ngxi ndaweninye," wabhala intatheli Corvalan ngo-1997, lithi "intshukumo bantu iye phambili ngakumbi kunaye."

Ububanzi iimbono zakhe kakhulu iingqameko xa kufikwa izilangazelelo Communist Party. Emva kotyelelo eChina ngo-1959, wamncoma indlela yelizwe ibe Marxism. Kodwa xa ngo 1961 ulwalamano phakathi China neRashiya muncu Corvalan abalahla Maoism.

Wonyulwa unobhala jikelele eChile xa Communist Party ngo-1958 yaye yabanjwa kule post de 1990.

Luis Corvalan: biography

Luis Nikolas Korvalan Lepes (kamva iwise ileta yokugqibela kwifani kamama, abe Lepe) wazalelwa ngoSeptemba 14, 1916, e-Pelluko, kufuphi Puerto Montt kumazantsi Chile. Wayengomnye nabazalwana abathandathu kunye noodade. Umama wakhe wayesebenza kumthungi. Xa uLuis-5, uyise wabashiya. Inkwenkwe bafunda ukufunda kunye uncedo lomnye unina, owayehlala elandelayo.

Corvalan wayefunda ukuba ungutitshala utitshala Tome yaye bafumana idiploma kwi-1934, kodwa ke ngaphambi koko, ngowe-1932, wafumana umsebenzi njenge umbhali kwaye umhleli we iphephandaba wamaKomanisi "Abantu Front", "Century" kunye nabanye. Xa intshumayelo yakhe Chile ilawulwa abantu, kuba abantu.

I-Communist Party yavalwa ngo-1947, yaye Luis Corvalan waba kwinkampu yoxinaniso Pisagua. Emva kokuba semthethweni kwi HRC ngo-1958 wonyulwa kwisixeko ibhunga Concepcion kunye nakabini kwiphondo Senator Nyuble kunye Aconcagua kunye Valparaíso.

Luis Corvalan: Family

Inkokeli elizayo Communist Party yeCzechoslovakia watshata Lily Castillo Riquelme ngo-1946 kwisixeko Valparaíso. Bona ke abantwana ezine: Unyana Luis Alberto, neentombi ezintathu. Nyana ufile ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo eBulgaria kwiminyaka 28. Umfazi wakhe kunye neentombi ezimbini, Vivian noMaria Victoria, basinda Corvalan.

ally iqhosha

Ngo-1970, i-Communist Party of Chile waba ngama-50 amawaka. Amalungu, eyenza i nxalenye inkulu umfelandawonye emva wobusoshiyali Allende. Corvalan Party wabonwa njengommeli yonke imikhosi yobukomanisi Umzantsi Melika, impumelelo yayo kulonyulo banconywe. Yaye wabona kusengaphambili impembelelo yayo ikhula. Ngu 70 kunyaka wasekwayo HRC waba-20% ye-kuvotwe. amalungu awo ezifana Abantu abadumileyo njengoko imbongi UPablo Neruda, umbhali Francisco Koloane kunye onesiphiwo uVictor Jara.

Noko ke, amaKomanisi basekuhlaleni ingqalelo alungise, kunye Corvalan ekruqulayo. "Intetho pedantic, izinxibo obungabangeli mdla yakhe endala-oyile kunye neminqwazi ngathi akukho eyenzelwe ukukhusela ulutsha Chilean", - iphephandaba "New York Times" ngo-1968.

Kwaye Corvalan waqala ukutshintsha umfanekiso walo. Waqala enxibe amaqhina eqaqambileyo, encume kwi ikhamera kunye emi yosongo abaselula mini-wengubo.

uhulumeni

lika Pinochet zikaSeptemba 11, 1973 kubuphelisa imigudu National Unity Government. Amawaka abantu abaye babulawa, wabanjwa kwaye wahlukunyezwa. Emva kokuba urhulumente Allende waphoswa waza wabaleka Corvalan, amandla omkhosi ekulandeleni kuye, wambamba unyana wakhe Luis Alberto. Yena ke batyakatywa, kodwa yena wathi tu.

Ngokutsho eendaba Chilean, Corvalan wakwazi ukubaleka Bulelani nomfazi wakhe neentombi.

Ekuphetheni

Corvalan kodwa kungekudala uyaziwa entolongweni. Ngo-Oktobha 1973, kubulawa ebiza ngenxa impikiswano enkulu weZizwe eziManyeneyo. Ngumthunywa Chilean wanyanzelisa ukuba isigwebo okwangoku zingeniswe. kamva Corvalan enetyala umbuso.

Ngowe-1974, ngelo xesha xa Wagcinwa entolongweni Chilean kwi Dawson Island kwi iStrait of Magellan, eSoviet Union inikezelwe Corvalan International Lenin Peace Prize kunye bayikhweze- scandal, befuna kokukhululwa kwakhe kumaqonga ahlukeneyo ehlabathi.

banikana yendele

I-United States, emele njengoko umlamleli, kuvunyelwene kwananwe ngayo. UMnu Bukovsky, ngubani na kwixwebhu yokuba eSoviet Union, nonconformist eSoviet kuthunyelwa kwizibhedlele zengqondo, wakhululwa yi incwadi yesicelo sazinza eNgilani. Luis Corvalan kwakhona wakhululwa kwizisele.

Bakhululwa, Luis Corvalan, abantwana kunye nomfazi wakhe waya eMoscow waza waqalisa ukuphila amagosa eliphezulu. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, waba utyando zeplastiki wabuyela eChile lenqubo kwi-1980 ukuya ukulungiselela ukumelana kurhulumente. Ngokutsho gqirha, Luis Corvalan ngaphambi nasemva zeplastiki - abantu ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Yena thinned impumlo iinkophe waphakamisa.

Corvalan wabuya esidlangalaleni eChile ngowe-1989, xa Jikelele Augusto Pinochet baphulukana unyulo, waza wasebenza memoirs yakhe iminyaka, esele sigqityiwe naphakade. Ngexesha ekuthinjweni, uye no Volodey Teytelboymom kunye nezinye iinkokheli abathinjiweyo ye Communist Party yeCzechoslovakia ukubuyisela phantse i inzolo eyayikho Communist Party of Chile. Kwi-USSR, Corvalan ulindele ukugxekwa ukusuka Communist Party ukuba ukusilela kukarhulumente Popular Unity. Njengokuba elinye igosa iqela, uLenin wasifundisa, akwanelanga ukwenza revolution, kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukuba azikhusele ngayo.

indlela Chilean

Don Lucho, njengoko ngokuba noogxa Corvalan ziye wakhuthaza elide umendo ngoxolo kwiSocialism ngokusebenzisa unyulo phakathi sikhokelo ye-siseko. ingxabano yakhe lwangaphakathi kukuba akazange akwazi, kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu urhulumente Popular Unity isigqibo ukuhamba kunye indlela eyaziwayo siseko kwaye kuxhotyiswe abantu ukuba uloyiso zaschischity Communist. Kodwa njengoko yena kanye enemibala wasibeka, ekudibaneni musa ukutshintsha amahashe. Awunako ngesiquphe ukuya ekusebenzeni kwi-sikhokelo yoMgaqo-siseko ukuba umzabalazo wezigalo, nangona ngo-1973, wathi kuloo abaninzi ngasekhohlo. Luis Corvalan waba kodwa ndiqinisekile na ukuba iimeko urhulumente wesizwe eChile xa kuphumelela kuphela xa ziya kufumana inkxaso uninzi elililo yabantu, ekhuthaza "utshintsho progressive". Kwaye yenzelwe ukutsala inani elikhulu labavoti ukuba iinkolelo zamaKristu-lwentando yesininzi. Ngelo xesha kwakungenakwenzeka.

isibambiso ubunye

I-Communist Party of Chile wabandezeleka ukusuka uphuphu, njengoko phantsi ngeqhudu Pinochet luhlale inxalenye yaso komhlaba, kunye nolawulo waba ekuthinjweni. Emva uhlalutyo olukhulu nokugxekwa lwangaphakathi ngowe-1980, iqela ekhokelwa Corvalan ngokusesikweni umgaqo-nkqubo "kwimvukelo abaninzi ezithandwayo." Kwiinzame ukubhukuqa uhulumeni balungiselela izenzo ngabom, behlasela iibhanki kunye kucime umbane. Kwaye ngo-1983, lenzeka iphiko abaxhobileyo iqela, i Patriotic Front Manuel Rodriguez, owathi ngo-1986 wenza komzamo kwi Pinochet. Ngenxa yoko, ezintlanu nonogada zabulawa. merit inkokeli Sekuhanjelwe HRC kukuba iqela lakhe, nangona kakhulu ngenxa kombuso, wahlala emanyeneyo.

Luis Corvalan wabhala iincwadi eziliqela, kuquka "The Government of El Salvador Allende", "amaKomanisi kunye nedemokhrasi" kunye memoirs.