Maurits uCornelis Escher: imizobo, biography

Ngaphandle italente obugcisa, Maurits Escher waba isipho elikhethekileyo ephuhliswa bonke ubomi babo - ezizezi, ukukwazi ukujonga ihlabathi kuyibona evela engile engaqhelekanga. Kunqabile - ukubona ngaphaya njengesiqhelo ezingalindelekanga, akukho mntu engazange ibonwe.

Creativity Maurits Escher

Unyana wenjineli, George Escher kunye nomfazi wakhe uSara 1898 eNetherlands, unyana wesihlanu ezelwe, ogama Maurizio. Babehlala kwisakhiwo Leeuwarden apho Museum Princessehof 'ngoku. Intsapho yayiquka zizifundiswa kunye namagcisa ngokwengqiqo ebanzi yeli gama. Umzala omncinci Escher yaba umqambi, oko kukuthi umntu ethe ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngokuvumelana, eyakhelwe kwimigaqo yezibalo.

Nzulu Maurits Escher wayefunda S. de mesquita kunye ngabom wakhetha umsebenzi wokukrola, hayi igcisa. Njengesiseko, wazama ezahlukeneyo izinto - ilinoliyam, ilitye (kuya cacisa ukuba le nto kuqwalaselwa kuphela kushicilelwa, hayi kushicilelwa), umthi. Ukuba ekuqaleni M. Escher wadala imisebenzi yakhe phezu umahluko abantu abamnyama nabamhlophe, emva koko ke uya kungena imisebenzi yakhe umbala.

umsebenzi Early (1916-1922)

zenja Traditional yenziwa mhlawumbi kwi ilinoliyam, okanye umthi. Asiyiyo Escher, ogama imizobo zibonakaliswa ngoko nangoko.

ixesha Italian (1922-1935)

Enye yeencwadi zakhe endimthandayo Escher kaThixo "Alice in Wonderland". Ngelo xesha usaqhubeka ndifunde ubugcisa amazwe aseYurophu emantla kwekhulu XV. "NgeZandla ne sphere esipilini," eli iziphumo kunyaka iselangeni 1935. Kwakhona eyaziwa njenge self-ngobude. Isandla uzibambileyo ibhaloni ungqukuva, ayiqabe ngokusengqiqweni kakhulu, kangangokuba bonke lelayini ezibonakalayo yobomi nengqondo, yaye zonke mibimbi eminweni yakhe. Ngaphakathi ibhola kuboniswa Escher istudiyo eRoma: ifenitshala esigqwetha ibhola, uwenze babe iifestile kunye nophahla. Iindonga Walunguza ezincwadi, imifanekiso lezakhelo. Omnye wabo ubonisa unodoli of Indonesian ngonodoli. Engumkroli ngokwakhe ujonge kumboniseli ngqo, obagcinela ngaphakathi kwisigaba ukuze nasesithupheni wadibana kunye nobhontsi ngaphandle. Ngokufanayo kuboniswe kunye Ucikicane.

Xilaveko lo msebenzi, Escher waba 'Ubomi Sekunjalo kunye esipilini ungqukuva, "ngo-1934. Kule wokukrola olulandelelanayo ke kuboniswe yena emsebenzini. Kubhaliwe ibekwe ngaphakathi ibhotile ngeenxa ngeendonga esipilini. Kuxhomekeke kwi phephandaba, leyo, njengazo zonke izinto zibekwe kwi incwadi elivaliweyo. Kufuphi nalapho kukho intaka yentsimbi intloko zabantu. Kwaye yena, kunye namaphephandaba ibuye kubonakala ebhotileni.

Kweli phepha sifundisisa zonke ezinye of umbala omnyama: yangasemva black nzulu, iintaka isilungiseleli seglosi metal abamnyama, izithunzi abamnyama hina ngaphakathi ebhotileni. Elichaza uyise kunye iglasi esandleni ezaliswe ngokuchanekileyo zihlabane, sengqiqweni kakhulu kunye nothando kuyise. Kweli xesha Italian, Escher, ogama imizobo ngokusondeleyo ukulandela bemvelo, akakafiki ekufundweni isithuba-ntathu.

Mirror izinto lohlukanisa

Kwi inkosi echatshazelwa kakhulu ngokuthi nabaqheleneyo ebhanyabhanya Arab, leyo wabona kwi yayiyiAlhambra kunye Cordoba, kwakunye eminye imithetho yemigca. Konke oku kuye kwamkelwa Escher, ogama imizobo gxwa ukuba ehlabathini wolingano- macala. Uthabatha amaqhosha kwaye idibanisa zona zibe zayimosaic. Enye kakhulu ngokomzekeliso - "Izirhubuluzi" (Matshi 1943). Kumbukeli ubona iselangeni itafile. Oku ukuzoba onepateni Imbasa ezirhubuluzayo. Ekupheleni lasekunene mzobo ubonisa indlela enye yazo iqala ukuvuseleleka ithe yaphuma oxwebhu ephepheni. Oku nje ziqala ukufunda ayikho tyaba, yaye ihlabathi-ntathu. Abanye waphila, wazuza umthamo wabo ngenkuthalo lirhubuluze le ncwadi, unxantathu, khasa phezu dodecahedron, wuyeke umphunga evela emathatheni akhe, khasa ephepheni kunye, ukuvala isangqa, abe amibala-flat kwakhona.

Lo mfanekiso imangalisayo kunye touch ezihlekisayo. nokuba sele subtext yentanda? Mhlawumbi. Ngapha koko, le theyibhile ibonisa iimpawu ezine ezenza elimiweyo. Lo mhlaba embizeni, umlilo efakwe kwi ibhokisi yematshisi, amanzi, obuphalazelwe ube iglasi, yaye umoya esiphefumlayo untulo. Phezu kwetafile intwana encinane incwadi oonobumba yesiLatini, nto leyo bedidekile. Abanye wacinga ukuba incwadi kaYobhi. Enyanisweni yiyo brand kuphela yephepha wecuba. Kwizibiyeli kufuneka kuthiwe Escher yaba utshayayo isono.

Kakade ke, lo msebenzi "imini nobusuku" okulungileyo (1938). Le nto isebenza kumxholo wolingano- macala. Escher, ogama imizobo ngalo eli xesha bangekabi ethandwa, akawuvali umlomo ngayo geometry. Le anemifanekiso kwabonwa ekuqaleni iintaka irobhothi kusala ukukhanya ebusuku esipilini. Kwaye ngoko kuphela ukubonisa "ezimbi" lwabo, njengoko kwifoto: iintaka Black ukubhabha isibhakabhaka ezimhlophe kwicala elahlukileyo. Kwaye xa zijongwe kwelinye icala, kubonakala ukuba ebusuku obumnyama liphuma kusuku emhlophe. Randomness ajike odola, kunye vice versa. Leyo ke mbini okuqonda lo mfanekiso.

mirror landscape

NgoDisemba 1955 ukuba ishedyuli omtsha umsebenzi sapapashwa. Ngaphambi kokuba ubume Escher baphatheka zinjalo, eqhelekileyo kunye eziqhelekileyo. Baba ngakhanyi kakhulu, ezifana "Snow", wawamisa Alps. "Abathathu zehlabathi", kwakunye nayo yonke into eyenza Esher, ukumangala. Le echibini enkulu okanye echibini (bathanda ukuba ucinge) ekwindla. Ziyabuya phezu kwamanzi kunye amagqabi awileyo imithi. Umphezulu wamanzi - oku ke yehlabathi yokuqala. Okwesibini - ezinzulwini edikeni, apho sibona intlanzi enkulu. Yena awuwodwa phandle phaya, njengoko ukuze kubonakale. umthi isithsaba, kubonakala emanzini, njengokwasesipilini, iingcambu kuvela imithi umbukeli ezingabonakaliyo. Yintoni ekufuneka ukuba zizakhele, kwaye kukho ihlabathi wesithathu.

imihlaba ngamazwi

Kunye Imizobo kunye nemikrolo Escher abasehlabathini le nto imangalisayo. Bayamangaliswa abaphulaphuli yaye ulingano ehexisayo, yaye musa ukundishiya amathuba xa ebona abalahlekisayo imbono ibe yokungapheli. Master ongaliphumeziyo imida phakathi kobugcisa, izibalo kunye bulumko. Ke ngobunye zibe omnye komnye.

Le ngcamango ka kumsebenzi ka-MC Escher

Enye iselangeni, nto leyo ngoDisemba 1953 zipapashwe MC Escher - "kwezinto". Yena wenziwa indlela kwemiYalezo. Lo mzobo kwihlabathi apho kukho imithetho eqhelekileyo womxhuzulane. Zonke ubume bokwakha ibekwe embindini zoluntu esihle. Kuye windows, kwiminyango ekhokelela superstructure epakini. Inkoliso abahlali ejikelezayo ngokupheleleyo intswelo yabo yezoqoqosho. Onke amanani bambethe iingubo efanayo. intloko yazo okutshatyalaliswa wafanisa Iibhalbhu. isakhiwo wesakhiwo yenziwa izinyuko ezisixhenxe. Ngamnye kubo ingasetyenziswa ngabantu ngo imihlaba ezahlukeneyo omxhuzulane. Kulo mfanekiso kukho imithombo ezintathu womxhuzulane. Ukuze ukubeka nje, ukuba aa Incopho na omnye komnye. Ngaphakathi kakuhle gravity ngamnye imithetho yesiqhelo yemvelo.

Oku kudala iziphumo umdla. On uYehu ezinyukweni kanye, abahlali anesibini kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo womxhuzulane, ukuya kwicala elinye kwelinye icala leri, kodwa omnye wabo uhamba phantsi, omnye uya phezulu. Kwelinye nobhazabhaza ezimbini abantu basebenzisa ukubhabha efanayo, kodwa kwiikona ezahlukileyo. Bona baya kungena kwicala elinye, kodwa ukuza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Womzobo kwakhona ibonisa kwimiyezo emithathu ezivela maqula eyahlukileyo omxhuzulane. Zonke iingcango, ngaphandle komnye, kukhokelela izisele ngezantsi epakini. Oku kongeza nefuthe surreal womfanekiso. Kuyinto iingongoma ezibalulekileyo kunye zobugcisa yezenzululwazi umbono.

Artist Maurits Escher

Kwimathematika bulumko, ngobuchule ophethe basike nokuzoba, edlala ukubetha umbala black zonke ezinye zayo, waphefumlelwa inkosi Dutch. Abongile xa intliziyo yakhe, yena igila ngokuvisisana, ukuchaza intetho ngamanye amazwi Pushkin algebra. M. Escher ngobuciko kudityaniswe yobuciko nesayensi. Imithetho yemvelo, xa iziphumo ezithile enombala, baye bafunda nzulu kakhulu. babebona yakhe sidalwe kumdlalo engundoqo ukukhanya nethunzi. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi xa nokudala umthamo iimilo zejiyometri, ezifana "Cuba". Isithuba umdlalo yenyani Escher kaThixo esibonakaliswa "Ingxangxasi". romantic kakhulu yomgca ojikelezayo kathathu kunye iinyoka, kusekwe isangqa (1969). Ngokubanzi, ngokunxulumene nemisebenzi MC Escher, kunoko, kuyimfuneko ukuba usebenzise ibinzana "iiphazili logic". Umfanekiso- ngqondweni kunye nolwazi akazange athathe, yaye zonke somfanekiso olunokubeka umntu ibe umthintele. Kodwa, ibuka imisebenzi yakhe, ufumana logic yentsimbi, ngokuvumelana kunye nemithetho abona zakhiwa.