Njani wasungula uBukhosi Mongol

Kule bahambi Ngenkulungwane XIII ukusuka Central Asia kunye ne-India bamsa iindaba ukuba empumalanga kwasekwa urhulumente omtsha - i Mongol uBukhosi, nto leyo eza ngokukhawuleza nemida Russian.

Ngaloo mihla, loo mmandla ukusuka eTshayina ukuya chibi omiweyo yi zezizwe Mongolian. AmaTatar abahlala kwindawo enye kwakhona, ababemfungele iintshaba Mongols, kodwa kwafuneka nazigqibo into yokuba Mongols yoyiswa. Ngoko ke, omabini la kwisizwe Western Europe neRashiya wabizwa ngokuba nje i Tartars.

Ekubeni Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XII i Mongols waqalisa ukufa ubudlelwane zesizwe, kwaye nokufika kwipropati yabucala iintsapho ezahlukeneyo akhiwa. Ngelo xesha, eRussia phambili ngaphezu Mongols, ngubani zazizihambela.

Bazizityebi phakathi Mongols nguye lowo iinkomo kunye namahashe. Ukuze benze oku, kwakufuneka umhlaba. I Mongols waba iinkokeli zabo, ebizwa hanami. Xa khans baba noyons ayamileyo, aziinkulu yezizwe. Bayithabatha imfuyo yabo ezweni kakhulu amadlelo. Khans kunye noyons waqhubeka ekulweni kumaqela, eliquka inganga yabalusi nje babeyibiza amahlwempu. wayenako khans emikhulu ukuba ibe Guard ukukhetha, leyo bakhonza nukers.

I Mongols ngelo xesha baqalisa kuvela ubudlelwane feudal anokuthi ngokuba sisizwe esizimeleyo. Cities Mongol Empire eningayakhanga, kunye merilos ubutyebi inani amadlelo kunye nemfuyo. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba Mongols - impucuko umva. Baba ngabantu empini kakhulu. Ukuze ukufaka emadlelweni ezintsha, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ukuba wabatshabalalisa abo balo idlelo ngaphambili.

I Mongols bafakwa abantwana babo iinqwelo ukususela ebuntwaneni, yaye nganye kuzo i rider obalaseleyo kwaye virtuoso Ay, isaphetha neentolo. amahashe abo shaggy, efanele, waba nomdlandla emangalisayo.

Ngakumbi XIII kwinkulungwane Mongol khans baqalisa ukulwela lobuntshatsheli. Okuwina bayivume axhatshazwe, yaye baba ngabalawulwa a Khan namandla alwa kwicala lakhe. A recalcitrant babe ngamakhoboka. Mongol Empire yabamba lokuba izizwe rhoqo imfazwe, yaye kamva - union. Iinkokeli uyaziphakamisa zembujiswano iimfazwe, senze ngokwahlukileyo ngaloo mihla babengazi njani.

Xa gqira Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XII Mongol inkokheli Yisugei waqokelela, wadibanisa inani elikhulu izizwe phantsi komyalelo wakhe. Unyana wakhe omdala ke Temuchen, apho sonke siyazi njengoko Genghis Khan. Emva kwethuba Yisugei ityhefu, wasaba nomkhosi wakhe.

Umhlolokazi ixesha elide waphila ubuhlwempu de de Temuchen likhulile yaye wahlanganisa squad wakhe, nabo yokuba ebelwile namanye Khans. Waphumelela subordinating izizwe ezininzi Mongol, ukuba win for yena etroneni "Hamag Mongol ulus," nto leyo ethetha ukuba onke Mongols ezinto kuphela kuye. Ngaloo mihla ke wayeyindoda oselula, elikroti, ngokungakhathali kunye lixoki. Kodwa, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, yaye baleka.

It Temuchenom zaye sahlaziywa, apho inkqubo wokugqibela zombutho yomkhosi yaziswa. Wadala unogada lobuqu kulilungelo omkhulu noyons kunye nokors, leyo wakhululwa irhafu. Kwangaxeshanye, yena woyisa kwezinye izizwe. isizwe Last ndiloyisile baba AmaTatar enkulu. Ngeli xesha, indawo Mongolia ifikelele 22% yommandla Yomhlaba. Kwiminyaka 1204-1205 Temuchena wavakalisa Genghis Khan - i khan omkhulu. Ivela kweli xesha uBukhosi Mongol wangena khona.