Ngubani na ukuba ingaya ngakhona mkhulu?

Ecinga kwimiba yale ncwadi Soviet ingafunyanwa ibinzana elithi 'ukuba ingaya ngakhona enkulu ". Fumanisa ukuba kuthetha ntoni, eli nqaku liza kukunceda.

prehistory

Kuba okokuqala amazwi anjalo ifumaneka iincwadi lamaKristu. Ngokukodwa, Ioann Zlatoust, owayehlala ekupheleni kweminyaka emi-4-5, yakhe othi "Ukuncokola kwi kwiNcwadi yeGenesis," ngokuba Enkulu ingaya wOyena Uphakamileyo, kwaye inqanawa yakhe - i Church.

Ilizwi "pilot", oko ngolwimi Russian yi ixesha elwandle akudala elivumelana ingcamango mihla "steering".

iosif Stalin

NgoSeptemba 1934 ibinzana elithi "ingaya enkulu" lalisetyenziswa kwesinye isivi ze iphephandaba "PRAVDA". Eli nqaku abazinikele nokutshintshwa icebreaker Sea Northern Route "Fyodor Litke" ukusuka Vladivostok ukuya Murmansk. Kweli phepha, abaqhubi wanikwa isitya ucingo kwathiwa kuyo: ". Le uloyiso iphumelele ... enkosi ... abasebenzi, ukwenza umsebenzi ngokusekelwe ... ... ... imiyalelo Great ingaya Iqabane Stalin" Ukusetyenziswa kwale isihloko nxamnye Iosifa Vissarionovicha e oomatiloshe bume bugwetyelwe ngokupheleleyo, njengokuba kwakunjalo nenkcubeko msebenzi wabo.

Ngelo xesha amadoda ngenkankulu wayesazi ama Ioanna Zlatousta kunye ngempazamo ngokuba Stalin le walithiywa, nto leyo wezakwalizwi odumileyo aseByzantium ezisetyenziswa kuThixo.

Enoba lwalunjani, ibinzana elithi 'ukuba ingaya ngakhona enkulu "ngokuqinileyo yintatheli eSoviet kwaye rhoqo ahlangane kumaphepha-ndaba neemagazini. Ukusuka apho, ukuba bafudukela Lexicon kubasebenzi iqela, owaqalisa ukusisebenzisa inxaxheba, ethetha phakathi ngeenkongolo bumi kunye neentlanganiso.

oyedwa Chinese Mao Tszedun

Ngasekupheleni-imi- 40 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, China waqala ukuthatha zithethwa ubuntu babezinikele yinkokeli Chinese Communist Party. Kwangaxeshanye, iququzelela basekuhlaleni ezithatyathwe kunezixhobo eSoviet zabo isihloko "ingaya ngakhona Enkulu" waza waqalisa ukusisebenzisa ngokunxulumene Mao Zedong.

ngeminyaka

oyedwa Great of China - Mao Tszedun - wazalwa ngo-1893. Yena Imelwe kuhle endilisekileyo ngelo xesha imfundo, kunye neminyaka umfundi eBeijing idibene Marxists zasekuhlaleni. Ngowe-1920, ekugqibeleni wagqiba ngayo iimbono zabo zopolitiko yi yobukomanisi. Emva konyaka, Mao wayengomnye nxaxheba kwi neqela Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

Yokuzithiba phezulu

Ngowe-1928, Mao Tszedun kudala republic eSoviet entshona phondo Jiangxi olomeleleyo. Kamva, ekwindla ka-1931, ngenxa izenzo akhutheleyo ndawonye izithili 10 kumbindi weli lizwe ziphantsi kolawulo Chinese Red Army kunye luqalile. Kuyenzeka ukudala imo entsha apho. Kwazeka oko njengoko Chinese yiSoviet Republic, elikhokelwa liBhunga Commissars Abantu got Mao Zedong. Yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kumzabalazo anti-Japanese, yaye wakwazi kukugxotha Gomindanskoe urhulumente emasikweni, ekuphawuleni ekupheleni kweMfazwe Civil.

October 1, 1949 Tiananmen Mao Tszedun wavakalisa ukusekwa PRC nekomkhulu yayo eBeijing. Yena nguye ongusihlalo urhulumente omtsha.

China phantsi Mao

Kwiminyaka yokuqala ingaya ngakhona Great eTshayina wayebathembe gqitha uncedo lwezoqoqosho zobugcisa yiSoviet Union kunye ngeendlela ezininzi alingisa inkokheli iintlanga Iosifu Stalinu.

Kweli thuba ukususela ngowe-1950 ukuya 1956, ngokuthe ngcembe Mao wachitha utshintsho kwezolimo apho wayenethemba ukusombulula ingxaki yokhuseleko lokutya kweli lizwe. Noko ke, ngo-1957-1958 umbhodamo kwezoqoqosho imfazwe e-China. Ke Zedong wabeka phambili inkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba "sitsibe enkulu phambili". Wathumela kwezemisebenzi enkulu ukwakhiwa amadama ngumntu, kwakunye ekudalweni selhozkommun kunye namashishini industrial kwi ezisemaphandleni Chinese.

Oyedwa Great: Indlala

Ngowe-1958, Mao Tszedun wakhupha umyalelo mercilessly kutshabalalisa bonke swindzingiri, kuba ndandicinga ukuba zalixhola kwi emasimini, yaye "Wema ngendlela yophuhliso loqoqosho of China."

Ukuba lizaliseke umsebenzi owamiselwa ingaya enkulu, bazilungiselela amawaka abantu. Ke waphakamisa iindwe ibethe imigqomo uzokoyikisa iintaka ekumiseni. Iintaka ezihluphekayo zindanda ukuze elide ukuba kuba ndidiniwe, kodwa akazange afe ngenxa komzimba. Ngenxa yoko, China Iwile kakhulu, inani labo, kwaye kwezinye iingingqi oongqatyana shwaka ngokupheleleyo.

Kwiinyanga zokuqala ezimbalwa emva kokuqala iphulo lokulwa oongqatyana kunye nezinye izinambuzane ukunyuka kancinane izivuno okuziinkozo kwakubhalwe khona, kodwa emva kokuba ekuqaleni kuhlaselo lwemimandla iinkumbi, leyo, baphulukene utshaba yayo ephambili, sajika emangalisayo. Umphumo waba indlala eyoyikekayo, oko kwabhalwa amawaka amatyala abantu mu.

Wanyanzelwa ngokukhawuleza ukuze alungise imeko China kuthenga ingqolowa aphesheya, kwaye oongqatyana "wasixolela" yaye bade kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukungenisa ezi ntaka ezisuka kwamanye amazwe.

Le revolution yenkcubeko

Njengoko ulindele, "Enkulu omnqakathi Phambili" Mao akuphumelelanga ngokuyinxenye, kwaye kwafuneka utshintshe i "Yenan Model" nesibonelelo ngamnye. Loo Utyeshelo lomqathango olususela kwimigaqo yakhe akazange ayithande inkokeli Chinese ngamaKomanisi. Ngelo xesha kwi 1960 ekuqaleni, ukuba ingaya ngakhona Omkhulu wayeyixhalabele kakhulu malunga indlela eluhamba ngayo uqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko e China. Ukongeza, wayekholelwa ukuba CCP ngokwayo iya isiba emithethweni ngakumbi, yaye intliziyo yakhe revisionism yayize.

Idade ecaleni iteksti River

Mao Tszedun yaba ubuntu obungaqhelekanga kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi. Ngokomzekelo, wayekuthanda ukwenza ebanjwe zemilambo Chinese. Ngelo xesha, njengoko amalungu amaninzi iqembu elibusayo ayikwazanga liyi ngendlela efanayo zezemidlalo inkokeli yabo, hayi ngaphandle yintlekele. Ngokukodwa, xa ingaya Enkulu wawela iteksti River ngo-1966, xa ndandineminyaka engama-73, phantse umise irekhodi ihlabathi, antywiliselwa injengele Guangzhou Military Region, yaye omnye abakhokheli bamaqela kunxweme ulunywe yinyoka. Injongo yalo mcimbi kakhulu ngokubanzi yaba ukubonisa ukuba kuSihlalo Mao wayengekabi ngokupheleleyo amandla yaye bayakwazi ukukusingatha ngempumelelo zonke iintshaba Revolution Cultural.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Kuba "wobuyiselo" ye Communist Party, uthabathe inani amanyathelo. ulutsha yangasemva umsebenzi-umlimi, obesoloko ukubambana nabo baphambuka umendo yobukomanisi - Ingakumbi, amaqela "Guards Red" ahlelwa. Kwakhona Mao waye umqalisi zocindezelo omkhulu kakubi izigidi zabantu ziye zaba.

"Cultural Revolution" ngo-1968. Esinye sezizathu Mao baba noloyiko ngokuhlaselwa yiSoviet of China, ixhaswa iziganeko eCzechoslovakia.

Great oyedwa Mao wayalela ukuba baseLimpopo ngamatutu Red Guards waza wayalela umkhosi ukuba olawula imeko kweli lizwe.

Kweli thuba ukususela 1969 ukuya ku-1970 Zedong wazama ukubuyisela Communist Party kwaphuka. Ngexesha impilo yakhe babesele kuphe- kakhulu. Ngaphandle koku, wazama ngandlela zonke ukuba kubekho ulungelelwano phakathi angquzulanayo iqela, ukuzama ukuthintela ukuba liqhekeke.

Mao wafa ngoSeptemba 9, 1976 emva 2 senhliziyo esibi, ubomi kunyaka-83. Emngcwabeni wakhe yaba ngaphezu kwesigidi abantu.

Ngoku uyazi umntu phezu amanqanaba ahlukeneyo imbali njalo kuxokwa walithiywa lokuqala - ukuba ingaya ngakhona Omkhulu. Mao Tszedun and Stalin nabizelwa oku iminyaka emininzi yaye yakhokelela iinqanawa ithi, leyo iphethwe, ukuze injongo yakhe enkulu - ubukomanisi. Nangona isiseko yile ngcinga baba iingqiqo ukulingana kunye bakwinkonzo, kufutshane ubuKristu, iinkokheli USSR kunye neTshayina, ngokutsho uninzi lwabantu kwilizwe lethu, ziye evinjwa yesisa bazisa kakhulu ukubandezeleka ngenxa yabantu babo.