Battle of the Kalka, ebangela, iziphumo iziphumo

Ekubeni ndiloyisile lonke kuMbindi Mpuma kunye neTshayina, Genghis Khan wathumela tumens bakhe bobathathu, phantsi umyalelo we Subedeya kunye Jochi Khan, ahambe indawo elele ngaphaya eCaucasus. Tatar-Mongolian umkhosi ekujongwene nayo kulo kunye amajoni Polovtsian, ezibe boyiswa ngabo. Kona Polovtsian lihambe liye ngaphesheya Dnieper, leyo wabhenela kwiinkosana Russian.

Entwasahlobo wabathetheli iingcebiso enkulu ngayo ndawonye ibandla ngo-1223, apho kwagqitywa ukubonelela uncedo emkhosini Polovtsian Khan Kotyanom. , Iindawo iinkosana kude kumantla eRashiya ukugcina Polovtsian wala. Le isifo kwagqitywa ukuba anike ilizwe Polovtsian. Isiphumo sigqibo waza waqalisa dabi Kalka. amabutho Russian United eyayikhokelwa Mstislav Kievsky, Mstislav i Bold kunye Mstislav Chernigovsky. Kunye ngezigaba eziphambili Mongolian imilo wokuqala waqala ngoko nangoko emva kokuwela Dnieper. I Mongols abazange bazibandakanye kumlo kwaye lihambe iintsuku ezisibhozo. Xa umendo umkhosi Russian baseKapa umlambo Kalka encinane, ibhunga imfazwe yaququzelelwa, ngexesha apho iinkokheli ingxabano. Mstislav Kievsky kuphikisana ngokuthi ukuziphendulela kokokunyanzelwa, kunye Mstislav i Bold wayefuna ukulwa.

Battle of the Kalka waqala May 31, 1223. Prince Mstislav the Bold, ezincina kweminquba Mongolian, wagqiba ukuba yedwa ukumelana notshaba. Ekuqaleni, igagasi imfazwe yaba Wajika ukuya Russian, kodwa Mongols tirhisaneke na ngesibetho esikhulu iziko, apho kwakukho umthetheli Galician kunye nabantu bakhe, yaye iphiko ekhohlo Polovtsian. Mbuya, abakwazi ukumelana ukumelana enamandla, waqalisa siphumele asinxaxhanga. Running kwamabutho Polovtsian ephambanisa kwizintlu okulwa Russian, alungele inyathelo, nto leyo nangoko waqalisa kurhangqa Mongols. Imeko ayesenako ukugcina iNkosana of Kiev, kodwa eziqhutywa yi ingqumbo kwi umthetheli Galician, wayengazange wayixabela ephangweni le nangezinto. amabutho Russian kuno Mongolian, kodwa ukuqhekezwa amaqela kunye moya okuhlazisayo Polovtsy kwakhokelela elihlazo Russia.

Mstislav Kievsky namandla phezu kwentaba, apho iintsuku ezintathu angaphumelela ngempumelelo konke ukuhlaselwa-mkhosi Tatar. Ke Mongols waya iqhinga, inganga roamers Ploskinya wamanga umnqamlezo phambi Prince of Kiev, emqinisekisa ukuba Tartars akhululwe zonke izindlu zabo, ukuba babeke phantsi izixhobo zabo. Ukuthobela isicelo sobabalo, Mstislav wanikezela, kodwa Mongols akazange agcine ilizwi lakhe. Onke amajoni eziqhelekileyo kwakhokelela kude ebukhobokeni, abathetheli nabavutheli iinjengele azibeke phantsi emgangathweni, apho wahlala phantsi emthendelekweni, yokumakisha uloyiso. Battle of Kalka yagqitywa kwiintsuku ezintathu.

amajoni Mongolian wazama ukuya kwi lohlaselo emhlabeni Chernigov ulawulo, kodwa xa sidibana sisixeko sokuqala esinqatyisiweyo - Novgorod Seversky, lweMedia emva emathafeni. Ngoko ke, lo imfazwe kwi Kalka Mongols uvunyelwe ukwenza sokuhlola ngokucokisekileyo. Bakuqonda umkhosi Russian, kodwa kwingxelo yakhe Genghis Khan ukuba uqaqambise ukungabikho zobunye abathetheli Russian. Ngexesha ngokuhlaselwa ka Batu Khan eRashiya ngowe-1239 e ukuqhekezwa ubulawuli Rus 'oko ngokubanzi eyasetyenziswa Mongols.

Battle of the Kalka River wabonisa iziphumo zokunqongophala nolungelelaniso. amabutho Russian baye balahlekelwa enkulu, ukuba babuyela ekhaya akukho ngaphezu kokuba isishumi amajoni. Abafa amadoda amaninzi amanene nabathetheli. Battle of the Kalka iinkosana Russian wabonisa amandla alo utshaba entsha, kodwa isifundo efundiweyo kunye neminyaka eli-16 elandelayo ayehlasela ingxokolo Mongol-Tatar ezweni Russian lwanciphisa uphuhliso Russia phantse ezimbini ezinesiqingatha eminyaka.