Njani yokwahluka kwemfuza

Kwezakhi ezenzeka emzimbeni, ekhokelela ukuyilwa ukungaqheleki ezithile. Kuxhomekeke apho iiseli kwaye kuxeshani ukuba kwenzeka, le yokwahluka kwemfuza kwenzeke, ngamanye amazwi, kudluliselwa ezinjalo utshintsho, kulandele iiseli njengelifa. Utshintsho kuxhomekeke iinkalo ezithile zomzimba, kuxhomekeka kweejini. Bayakwazi qhubeka izizukulwana ezininzi, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kukho ukuqokelelana nokuphambuka okunjalo.

yokwahluka kwemfuza ingavezwa utshintshwano ezithile ukuba lunobuzaza ngokwaneleyo ukuchonga kwangoko kubo. Ubu ephilayo umzekelo kwiDNA kunye utshintsho genetic apha nako kubangelwa kukungabi feathering okanye impondo izilwanyana kunye nezinye iimpawu ezifanayo. Le uhlaza phenomenon efanayo kuyenzeka - IP xa ubukhulu iintyatyambo okanye ukuphakama izityalo, ezinye ukungaqheleki ezicacileyo. Konke oku ngenxa yemfuza mazifakwe kwi-ingqikelelo utshintsho ilifa kule eziphilayo.

ezisebenza ukubunjwa

Nakweli phi na iqela labantu ukuba ahlalisane kwisithuba sexesha elithile, kwasekwa kuguquka ezikhululekileyo. Bona edityanisiweyo random ngokusekelwe iimpawu ezikhoyo zamafa. Kukokona kuphambuka, kokukhona amathuba ukuvela utshintsho abatsha nto leyo baphambuke kwisiqhelo.

Ukuziguqula kwenzeka ngexesha ukuyilwa iiseli. Xa step gamete fusion gene recombination kwenzeka, owona nobangela Ukwahluka. Isizathu inokuba chromosome okanye zidityaniswe random ngexesha meiosis kunye isichumiso. Ngenxa mpawu kweli nqanaba kwangethuba ukhandwa yokwahluka kwemfuza.

Noko ke, ukuguquka ayifuni izenzekele okanye ngempazamo kwenzeka, ukuba ngenxa kwimpembelelo ezithile izinto. Mutagen babe sesichengeni radiation, zebhayoloji okanye wentsholongwane egazini iikhemikhali isiphumo.

Ukuba iseli apho ukuguquka kwenzeka, igcina ukukwazi ukuzala, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukwahluka yemfuza yenziwe. Nguqu kuba gene, genomic okanye chromosomal kuxhomekeka apho kuvela.

Ukuguquka kwemvelo

ukwahluka kwezakhi zazivelela kunokuba nesiphumo esiphawulweyo kuniko emzimbeni. ixabiso layo likhulu ngokwaneleyo, kwaye okokuqala le meko kunye neendlela yayo iza kufundwa ngenkulungwane ye-18.

UCharles Darwin wathi yonke ephilayo kuxhomekeke Umahluko ngamnye. iimpawu zayo eziphambili wabiza ingozi, nokunqaba isalamane kunye non-owenza endalweni. Oku nzima kakhulu iinzame ukuqikelela inkqubo okanye naziphi na izinto eyazichazayo.

Nangona kunjalo, lo guquko iye yakhokelela ukuyilwa uqhelane yokwahluka kwemfuza, ukuyilwa genotypes ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, kule imeko loo msebenzi wenza ikakhulu Ukwahluka combinative - ngexesha ukuzala kwenzeka recombination zofuzo. Oku kutshintsha zokungahambisani genes and benxibelelana kwi kweejini, kodwa zofuzo musa ukutshintsha ngokwabo, ngoko ke akukho angahlangani.

Ezi nkqubo zinceda ukuqonda ngcono njani ukwahluka kunye Uguqulelo kancinane yemfuza. Ukususela ngokombono zazivelela umahluko ezibalulekileyo ngamnye. Xa kufikwa ngokubonakala utshintsho ilifa, sithabathela ingqalelo kungekuphela nje kukho yemfuza ezingaqhelekanga, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa kwabo namanye zofuzo lilungu kweejini, ukongeza, ukuze, ngendlela enye okanye omnye, kuchaphazela iimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso ngqo eziphilayo.

Kwelinye icala, ukuba ukudluliselwa echanekileyo kubalulekile genetic material ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye, kodwa kwelinye icala, ulondolozo ingcaciso kwi zofuzo kunokuba yingozi kakhulu eziphilayo.