Njengoko Cossacks waphila. History of Russia: Cossacks

Loo esenzeka kwimbali, njengoko Cossacks, baye kuloo ezingqondweni namhlanje umntu ukukhanya umkhusane mfihlelo, iiphazili nkqu uhlobo nobugqi. Aba bantu amarhe zonke ukweyisela - ukusuka inventions ngqiqweni ezininzi yezi ntsomi.

Akubuzwa ukuba uthi rhoqo indlela Cossacks kuvela kumaphepha iincwadi, iifilimu baba amaqhawe. Enye series animated malunga adventures zabo okuthile!

Okokugqibela, kukho imali eninzi kuphando zembali ezijolise isigqibo ababephila ngayo Cossacks bona, oko babekukholelwa, njengoko walwa kuyo icala.

Ngobani

Kukho Iinguqulelo nje uhlobo imvelaphi abameli olu hlobo imikhosi zazingafumaneki ixesha ubukho babo ifomu yayo yoqobo kunye nasemva kwayo. Abanye bathi ukuba Cossacks lokuqala kuphela ngamakhoboka sisibhadu Amakholwa Old, musa ayakunanza ukumzeka umoya amaxesha Ihambe kummandla ongaphandle karhulumente.

Abanye, ngokuhlalutya ababephila ngayo Cossacks, absented ukuba abantu simahla bayamanyana kwiingingqi ezithile kwaye ukhethe kakhulu into ethile, engaqhelekanga umsebenzi ixesha. Baye ngokuba "nagaechnikami", yaye ekugqibeleni kuba amehlo wayezimisele kuphela "Dogs le lobuzwilakhe."

Ukuzama ukujonga ababephila ngayo Cossacks, benza ntoni kwaye kokuvela ngayo, ababhali-mbali wajika ekufundweni lweempawu zobomi babo, ngendlela Lexicon ethile ukuzama ukufumanisa imvelaphi aba bantu, wafunda ngqangi apho obalulwe. Konke oku, Noko ke, abazange ukunika impendulo ecacileyo - izimvo, njengoko kulindelwe, lahlulwe. Abanye abaphandi bathi ukuba imvelaphi Cossacks ye-Tatar uhlanga, nomtsalane nokusetyenziswa esebenzayo zamahashe. Okunye (umzekelo, ngo-Oxford) wayekholelwa nabalimi zabo Russian ungobalekayo nabantu ezilula batshutshiswa ngenxa yeenkolelo zawo zonqulo.

Ukusuka kwindawo kweelwimi lwembono,

Ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kufutshane ezama iimfihlelo imvelaphi Cossacks avunyelwe, Isimanga, iingcali zeelwimi. Baye bazimisele ukuba amazwi wabonakala ngolwimi Russian phantsi kwempembelelo le Cossacks, etymologically nanto yakwenza kwiingcambu eTurkey. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba asusela iziyelelane yamandulo, uphawu amaSarmatia neyamaSkitiya. Gumbini kule nkalo la amagama indawo zibandakanyiwe ngolwimi Russian phantsi kwempembelelo le Cossacks: Don, iDanube kunye namanye amagama kwemilambo.

Ixabiso elithi "Cossack" Ndandizimisele. Xa isakhiwo kanye semantics yayo ibhuqekile; ingcambu uphawu 'az' ukuba kubalwe igama mihla 'ezamahala "kunye isimamva" ac "utsho malunga ngemvelaphi isichazi ukusuka kwimo evumayo. Ngoko ke, lo gama nje elipheleleyo buyiselwa ukuba ukuqonda indibanisela "man ezamahala".

Yintoni umsebenzi wabo

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, i-Cossacks kuqala lahlala phezu ongaphandle lizwe, zodidi kusekho umhlaba ongenanto. Ndiyila ezincinane uze yanda ekuhlaleni, bakha endleleni yabo ethile yobomi, inqubo, ulwalamano kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukuze siqonde indlela ababephila ngayo abantu Cossacks ekuqaleni, ukuba ahlawule ingqalelo eyaneleyo ukuze le nto kakade.

Andinantandabuzo ukuba ukuba "abagxothiweyo" kumda kunye kwelinye ilizwe, akukho ndlela yimbi ngaphandle ukuze akhusele ummandla yayo ekuphazanyisweni lwangaphandle. Ekuqaleni, izenzo ezinjalo kuyimfuneko, waza wajika waba uhlobo lwenkonzo, apho urhulumente wayekulungele ukuba ahlawule.

Kutheni kuyingenelo ukuba abambisane nabo

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, oku abantu inkululeko-abathanda bahlangabezana kakuhle kunye ukuziphendulela indawo yabo. Ukongeza, ezi Cossacks emfazweni nasekhaya azibonakalisa kakhulu emikhulu - balufunda emathafeni, ngokuya lokwenene kufuneka kuqondwe. Ukwandisa amandla babo ukunceda kodwa sikhathazeke ebhodini, kwaye ukusukela ingcinezelo, ukutshatyalaliswa kunye ukucinezelwa esongela ilahleko enkulu ngokwaneleyo. Isisombululo kuphela, yingenelo macala omabini, waye zokwamkelwa Cossacks kwinkonzo karhulumente, nto leyo kungekudala kwenziwe, njengoko imbali ibonisa.

recruitment lokuqala

Facts intsebenziswano nenkani, inkululeko-bothando abantu kunye neqhayiya kunye nabameli ibhodi lukhulu. Uphawu yokuqala yoguquko ukuya kwinkonzo yoluntu kuthathwa charter, ebhalwe Ivanom Groznym, ngokutsho apho, i-Don Cossacks yaba yinxalenye lasebukhosini.

Ivela apha, kule nto, kwixesha elitsha yaqala umba wentsebenziswano emkhosini. I Cossacks kwaqashwa ngokusesikweni ukukhusela imida leli lizwe. Ukususela ngoko, umkhosi sele ngokukhawuleza ikhula, ekwandiseni nemfuyo yabo, ukwakha iindawo ezintsha phezu amalungelo ababenemihlaba ophezulu-grade eyabelwe. Don Cossacks ahlala lwaseYurophu izithuba ezivulekileyo Seversky Donets, iinkwenkwezi zeBhere, Buzuluk kunye nezinye nemingenela.

indlela yokuphila

Ekuqaleni, abameli olu hlobo abantu banikwa phantse inkululeko epheleleyo, ebonakalaliswe self-babekwazi ukuchaza ngokuhlonela kwabo izithixo, awohluke yobomi, ulwimi kunye nobomi. Cossacks Russian Ndaqalisa ukuphulukana amalungelo abo, sishiya amajoni iliso kwi abakhonzi abo banyanzelekile ukuba bathobele umyalelo waseburhulumenteni ubomi.

Utshintsho ka 1798 umahluko phakathi kwabo nabanye mkhosi phantse angabekwa. Cossacks of Russia babe enyanisweni kubalwe amajoni, kwaye inani zomkhosi ngokuvisisana eyamkelekileyo. Ngoko ke, kunokuba Captain wabonakala abathetheli kunye Khorunzhiy indawo nobuxhaka aqhelekileyo ngakumbi lizwe.

Ukususela ku-1835, imbali Cossacks ndafumana, abaliqela ithuba entsha elibukhali. Kwelinye icala, inxalenye le mpi ingalo ukuzimela esele ibuyisiwe ngokwemiqathango yobomi kwefowuni. zokuhlala Cossack yaba uhlobo lavalwa ukuba bangaphandle intsimi. Kwelinye icala, inkonzo yesinyanzelo yasemkhosini ngangosuku kweli xesha ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-18 ukuya 43, kodwa umthetho lobukumkanikazi uphathise ilifa ubunini bomhlaba kuphela, kodwa isihloko ungunyana wabanumzana, nkqu zabo ngamakhoboka.

Ukususela ngoko, imbali Cossacks kwakukho eninzi utshintsho kwicala entle okanye embi. isimo sabo esoloko itshintsha, ukufumana zonke iimpawu ezintsha. Enye into kuhlala ingatshintshanga - indima edlalwa zezi amaqhawe kwimbali Russia.