Kweefektri collectivization

Uqoqosho kwilizwe lethu ifuna uzinziso ethile, uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokukhula ngexesha, nangona kunjalo, ukuba amandla ka kuphela nkqubo nep ezamahala. Ubunjalo Inqanaba uphuhliso kuqale kuphela kwakhona omtsha mveliso, ngokukodwa kwinkalo emkhosini. Nep ulungiselele zonke iindlela zokwenza kunokwenzeka, kodwa ke xa uphikisana kunye nezimvo uluntu zamaKomanisi, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela ukuvela kweekhonsepthi ezifana kweefektri collectivization.

Mveliso kwi USSR imvelaphi yayo ngoDisemba 1925 emva kokuba XIV Congress of the Party. Makhe sihlolisise lo mba ngokucacileyo ngaphezulu. Mveliso - Ukwakheka yemveliso umatshini omkhulu-isikali, nto leyo uyalwa ukuba onke amacandelo yemisebenzi yoqoqosho. Enyanisweni, njengomthombo enkulu yotyalo ukuba kubuyekezwe ngentshukumo kungaba kuphela lali. Kweefektri collectivization kunye bamele nkqubo bolu kurhulumente, apho lokuqala lujoliswe kuphuhliso, kodwa umbhalo yesibini ngqo libhekisela yesinyanzelo non-kwezoqoqosho ukusebenza ngayo abalimi. Kwaye nangona kwakukho ukuhla jikelele kwimveliso yezolimo ezifana iingeniso baphiwa kakhulu.

More eqhutywa Ibutho Enkulu Depression ka- 1929-33., Oluvelayo eNtshona. Le ntlekele iye yabangela ukuba amaYurophu kufuna imarike imveliso entsha, kwaye eSoviet Union yaba yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo kunye amathuba zemali nanto. Ngenxa yoko, ngexesha lesigaba eziphambili ezibangwa kukwanda kweefektri (1928 ukuya 1938). Kuba iikota ezintathu zonke izixhobo ngaphandle. Ngaloo ndlela, ukusetyenziswa koomatshini collectivization sifanelekile ngokupheleleyo emehlweni abezopolitiko eli lizwe.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ubuchwepheshe kwaba ukuqaphela entsha mveliso. Izicwangciso abaneminyaka emihlanu esekelwe kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe USSR. Kuthiwa phambi kokuba ekuqaleni kwemfazwe izicwangciso ezintlanu ezinjalo yamkelwa. Kwicandelo lophuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe zonke iindlela ngokudala uhlobo ngenelo, Noko ke, phezu isibakala-sikhokelo zophuhliso ezazicwangciselwe awenziwanga. Ngenxa kuqoqosho okucwangcisiweyo yakwazi ingqalelo ngoko nangoko ekukhuthazeni kumacandelo qhinga, afana enzima kushishino, ezothutho, ukuzithethelela, amandla kunye nabanye. Sele kule minyaka yokuqala emihlanu kweefektri collectivization iziphumo evelisa: wakha mveliso ezahlukeneyo ezingaphezu kwama-1500. Kule minyaka mihlanu imali yesibini ifikelela 4.5 amawaka. Ngoko ke, ukuba banesifo eSoviet Union waba ngamandla kwezoqoqosho enamandla ukuba unyanzelisa ukhuphiswano ithi esifumileyo aseNtshona.

Ngezoshishino uzise izinto ezininzi ezintle, zamadoda inkqubela kweli shishini: lwapheliswa ngqesho kweli lizwe, baba abasebenzi abanezakhono kakhulu, ngokubonakalayo walungisa abaqeshwa abanobugcisa kwinjineli yaqala inkqubela phambili imfundo jikelele. ngomhlaba Social anda kakhulu, yaye abantu baqala ukuba azame ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe. Ke konke oku yantlitha ezinye kwisigaba - elalini, leyo ngokuhlawula yonke into.

Collectivization ijoliswe ekupheliseni kuqoqosho ngamnye, ukuvela koqoqosho olutsha kwezentlalo. Akubikho ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso ezamahala eyenziweyo, bonke waya kurhulumente. Ngenxa yoko, kwakukho iingxaki zamabhoda kunye nendawo yokulala. collectivization Mass iqala ngo-1929. Ukusuka eli xesha, isibini iinyanga kwiifama ezihlangeneyo, kukho sele million 2.4 amakhaya ezizayo, nto leyo iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo inani le-12 engama th elidlulileyo. Ngokwendalo, ilali lifumana ukwamkelwa kakubi kwii-odolo ezinjalo, kodwa urhulumente unoxanduva ngokungqongqo nasekugqibeleni ngokuthumela ibutho "engamashumi-Five-Thousander". imizimba sazela kuza kucaca.

Ibunjiwe neshedyuli ka collectivization, leyo icwangcisa isantya sophuhliso loqoqosho. Kubalulekile ukuphawula imbonakalo omoya ethile yokhuphiswano, xa iinkokeli ndanqwenela obugqitha ishedyuli yakhe. amanyathelo sazela liqiniswe ukuze ukucinezela uxhathiso enkulu. Kulapha ukuba kukho imfuneko inkqubo yokundwendwela, leyo wazisa kunye karhulumente, kodwa akawuvingca abalimi. Ngenxa yoko, baphinda ungaphulukana inkululeko ethile, ngenxa yokuba kungekho yokundwendwela ayikwazi ukususa naphi (ukuba ziqhotyoshelwe kwisayithi ethile). Asinto kunzima guess who ndaphinda ndihlazekile kakubi. Emva koko, ngo-1932, ukulamba mass iqala.