Njengoko kwafunyaniswa umgaqo ukulingana, yaye lubandakanya

Izibonelelo zalo mgaqo zikwindawo imikhosi zophando womxhuzulane inertia. Umba phambi kwethu umgaqo ukulingana - umgaqo heuristic, nto leyo iye yasebenzisa Albertom Eynshteynom omkhulu, xa ekuphuhliseni omkhulu zophando lwakhe zenzululwazi - imfundiso jikelele ka.

Ekwimo yakhe eyiyeyona jikelele, umgaqo Einstein ngayo ukulingana ubonelela ukuba iingalo omxhuzulane intsebenziswano phakathi zezinto umlinganiselo ngqo nondiliseko ubunzima bomzimba kunye imikhosi inertia zikwamzimba mnye nathi, kulo mzekelo, kuba ngokomlinganiselo ubunzima bomzimba inertial. Ke kaloku yaye zombini ubunzima bomzimba bayalingana, ngoko imisele ukuba yeyiphi imikhosi ebambeleyo ekhankanyiweyo emzimbeni, oko akwenzeki.

Ukungqina ezi izigqibo, Einstein wasebenzisa eli experiment. Kufuneka nombono ukuba izidumbu zimbini zekheshi. Le lift makhulu kude ukuyanelisa kuyo bayavumelana olawulo kunye ihamba lunikezelo. Kulo mzekelo, zonke imizimba kwi ilifti, uya kwenza amandla inertia, yaye baya kuba ubunzima ethile.

Ukuba lift na umile, umzimba ngaphakathi iza kuba ubunzima, kwaye oku kuthetha ukuba zonke ukuguquka ngomatshini ziya zenzeka ngokulinganayo kuzo zombini bekwilift. Le isiphumo Einstein yandiswa ukuze zonke izenzakalo ubucukubhede, nkqu yonke yemvelo, ngoko ke iziphumo zale nzulu wajoyina imigaqo esisiseko ngokulinganayo.

Namhlanje, abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba kokusesikweni ngokulinganayo nga kuthathwa enkulu yonke ngobhalo kwezinto, yaye ngoko, intsimi omxhuzulane sisakhelo non-inertial of reference. Noko ke, ingxelo onjalo kuthathwa njengezisemthethweni kuphela inxalenye kuphela. Isibakala sokuba yonke inkqubo non-inertial kwi lo mbono ekhethekile ka Einstein isekelwe phezu eqhelekileyo yomgama isithuba-ixesha. Xa ingcamango ngokubanzi, equka ingcamango metric womxhuzulane, indawo-ixesha egosogoso. Yayichaza le ukungangqinelani ngenxa yokuba ingqikelelo ye engenayo ayiqulathanga iinkqubo inertial ehlabathini. Apha umgaqo ukulingana ngazo ngokwayo kuphela kwimeko, ukuba akaliva ugobile ngokwayo.

Kwakhona kucetyiswa ukuba ezohlula iinguqulelo buthathaka kwaye obuqinileyo nembonakalo kokusesikweni ngokulinganayo, umahluko apho kukuba akasayi imigama ezincinane phakathi kwezinto umahluko ethile imithetho yendalo, kungakhathaliseki nokuba ezi izinto ezinye izakhelo of reference.

siseko eyinqobo yale mbono, Einstein yaqulunqa ngo-1907. Xa ucinga ukubaluleka kwalo mgaqo phesheya nokwakheka kufuneka kuthiwe kwafunyaniswa Einstein iyaqhubeka kwaye kuphuhlisa imvume uGalileo ukufumana onke amaqumrhu, kungakhathaliseki ubunzima babo, kukukhawuleziswa kwintsimi omxhuzulane. Le meko yakhokelela ekuphelisweni ulingano of mass inertial. Kamva lo ukulingana lalibalwa metrically, kunye ukuchana ukuya ku-12 namanani ezibalulekileyo.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukusetyenziswa obafunyanwa Einstein kaThixo iphumelela kuphela xa isikali lweendawo ephantsi, ngokuba kuphela phantsi kwezi meko kungathathwa bekukubi rhoqo.

Einstein wawandisa Umgaqo ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izakhelo reference ezikwezo ukuwa, kwakunye liqulunqe iinkcukacha ngakumbi ingqiqo kwinkqubo yasekuhlaleni. Oku kuyimfuneko kuba kwindalo iphela entsimini omxhuzulane ukho kuyo yonke indawo, kwaye utyekelo yi ziyatshintsheka - ikwatshintsha ukusuka kwindawo ukwalatha kuba yonke indawo iimpawu zazo sizalwa parametric. Ngoko ke, ezi nkqubo, ngokutsho Einstein, kufuneka mazingabhidaniswa inertial, leyo owaphula umthetho wokuqala Newton.