Njengoko wambulala Lermontov M.Yu. Ngubani owabulala Lermontov

sele kudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwama-nye elinamanci asixhenxe ukususela wafa Lermontov. Ngeli xesha, abaphandi abaninzi baye bazama ndzulu imfihlelo eku twisiseni wembongi. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba wabulawa Kungquzulwano umhlobo osenyongweni - UNikolai Martynov. Kodwa phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko kwavuka yokungqubana esibulalayo - akucaci ngoku. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ngendlela apho wafela khona, Lermontov, eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

umhlobo elide

Ngaphambi kwintlanganiso yokugqibela Pyatigorsk, Lermontov kunye Martynov babengabahlobo abasenyongweni. Ubuhlobo phakathi kwabo lezandla nkqu esikolweni ngodaba. Nakubeni ukuhlukana elide kunye rhoqo, buddies ikwazile ukugcina ubuhlobo obuhle. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngowe-1840, ngoxa eMoscow, imbongi ngokufuthi etyelele intsapho Martynov. Ngeli xesha, uNicholas ngokwakhe Solomonovich wakhonza eCaucasus. Xa uMikhail wafika Pyatigorsk ndaza ndafumanisa ukuba Martynov ilungile apho, ngenkoliseko ekhangele phambili ekubeni kunye nomhlobo endala. Yaba May 13, 1841. Ngqo kweenyanga ezimbini kamva (13 Julayi) Lermontov wafa ezimbini zokucwangcisa.

inzondo engavezwanga

Abaphandi bathi ukuba Martynov nako ukubambana Lermontov, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Omnye wabo - umnqweno wokukhusela imbeko udade wabo. Isibakala sokuba uMikhail akukho nje rhoqo watyelela umhlobo usapho, kodwa kwezithandani Nataley Solomonovnoy Martynovoy. Yena, ngokutsho amangqina ezithile, waba nkqu uthando nembongi. Waziwa isimilo sakhe nzima, Lermontov akazange ibangele uvelwano Martynov unina. Xa iileta zakhe wabhala ukuba intombi yakhe uthanda inkampani ka uMikhail Yurevich, kodwa okubi ulwimi ayikwazi kusinda, yaye ezi nobuhle abaselula. Ngubani na owaziyo, mhlawumbi, uloyiko bakhe akulambathanga? Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le nguqulelo kwathiwa utshonile.

inkabi

Kukho Inkolelo ezingafakwanga kumaxwebhu obhaliso lwabafundi of novelists ngamnye, biographers ukuba Lermontov wafa Kungquzulwano ayikho ngengozi. Martynov nangona bazi isimo sengqondo esibi ukuba imbongi kwi izangqa aphezulu yeengcungcu yaye exunela ukonakalisa umhlobo omdala, ukusukela izinto zokuzingca. Kusenokwenzeka uzama ukwakha zonakalise umsebenzi wabo wakhe wamajoni. Nangona kunjalo, olu guqulelo akuthethi ukugcina amanzi. Zokucwangcisa, ngaloo mihla oyike nzima kakhulu. UNikolai Solomonovich (emva kokufa Lermontov) kwimeko engcono akwazi ukubala kwinkonzo emkhosini abaseAfrika, njengomphumi-mkhosi elula. Ukuze oku kube ikhonkco ezimbi eSiberia.

wit obulalayo

Inguqulelo kakhulu malunga ezibangela ukuba zokucwangcisa kukuba uMikhail yaba mnandi onzima-nye yaye ngokufuthi kakubi ngabanye. ababephila imbongi xa ndiyangqina ukuba wayesoloko wakhetha ekujoliswe sokuqhula lukhohlakele phakathi abahlobo bakhe. Ngokomzekelo, ngokutsho Iingcinga ebendinazo Satina N. M., olu phawu akavumelekanga ukuba ukusondela Lermontov ngo-1837 e-Pyatigorsk kunye Decembrists elubhacweni kunye Belinsky. Ngehlobo lowe-1841 Martynov waba omnye isisulu iziqhulo wembongi. UMikhail wamnika igama elisisiqhulo "le ndoda iphethe ikrele," yaye "nkomo 'esondela kulo mba ezininzi ngoopopayi ukubhuqa. A isichotho ukuhlekwa wambetha intloko Nikolaya Solomonovicha. Kuthiwa nje Lermontov ezotywe uphawu umgca egosogoso kunye ikrele elide, kwaye wonke umntu ngoko nangoko wayesazi ungubani iipeyinti. Martynov wazama konke okusemandleni akhe ukuba Sukuhleka, kodwa watsho phantsi - ukukhuphisana kunye siyanazisa imbongi Yayingekho. Le nyaniso impendulo engundoqo umbuzo indlela wafa Lermontov.

nezinye izinto

Ngoko ke, uMikhail waba ulwimi abangendawo kunye nesimo kakhulu wobulali-mfutshane. Ngenxa yezi mpawu ebomini yakhe emfutshane wakwazi lokuqokelela ezininzi iintshaba. Malunga ukuba bangobani na iinjongo ukuba ekhokelwa, akukho mntu owaziyo. Le umphandi onegunya kunabo yobomi imbongi xa - PA Viskovatov - uthi ngamayelenqe trailed kwindawo yokuhlala jikelele kaThixo Merlini. Mhlawumbi Kwafika umdlalo kunye nesebe odumileyo Benkendorf. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba omnye ekujoliswe ukuhlekwa imbongi - akukho mntu Lisanevich - ngokufuthi wabongoza uMikhail Yurevich kunokubangela Kungquzulwano. Kodwa ngenqaba. Kwimeko pissed kwihlabathi liphela, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, akanyanzelwanga ukuba ukurhoxa Martynov kwakungenjalo. Ukumqinisekisa ukuba kulwa umoni kwi umlo omhle kwakulula. ukufa Lermontov yaba phantse kunqandwa. Ngowe-1941,-13 Julayi, UNikolai Solomonovich umngeni ukuba Kungquzulwano.

iimeko ingxabano

Prince Vasilchikov e memoirs wabhala ukuba ngaloo mini kwindawo yolwamkelo kwi-jikelele ukuba Verzilinoy Mihail Yurevich ke omnye ndikho nxamnye Martynov. Umfazi isalamane kunye nomhlobo Lermontov EA Shang Giray, ibonisa ukuba uNicholas Solomonovich ilizwi sakuba wawahlula wakhumbuza imbongi, Ndisoloko ndibabuza ukuba enqabe ukugculelwa okunjalo phambi oosisi. Waphinda ukuba ngokwakhe bamkhuthaza amaxesha bathi kamva ezimbalwa emva koko uMikhail ukuba buza ulwaneliseko. nangoko Martynov emise umhla ukulungiselela umdlalo. duelists Okokuqala abahlobo abangazange baqhoboshele nayiphi ukubaluleka kule ingxabano abatheni. Kuyabonakala ukuba, lo impi mazihlawulwe nangawuphi na umzuzu. Kodwa uMikhail ayithathanga nasiphi na amanyathelo loxolelaniso.

Uthethwano kunye Martynau

AmaNgqina kunye ngamehlo indlela abafileyo M. Yu. Lermontov, bathi ukuba uNicholas Solomonovicha wazama ukumnqanda le zokucwangcisa. Kodwa yena wayezimisele ukuhamba. Mhlawumbi Martynov wayephantsi kweempembelelo abathile baphembeleli, lowo wamcenga ukuba isivumelwano kuxolelwaniso wayeza kumenza etyeni emehlweni "ukukhanya". Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba indima edlalwe yi-Division noluhleli lukhona apha lweSithathu. Kukho iimeko xa arhente Benkendorf zamthintela zokucwangcisa kusondela. Kwaye mhlawumbi baziswa kulo mdlalo. Ngosuku olulandelayo Pyatigorsk Akumangalisi busted gendarmes. Noko ke, ukuba ukuthintela ukufa Lermontov kuyo wayengekho umdla wabo.

Na ukungaqheleki kule ezimbini zokucwangcisa

Abahlobo uMikhail Yurevich akukho ngokungathandabuzekiyo kwiziphumo esinoxolo umdlalo. Babecinga ukuba zokucwangcisa, kuya kuba esesikweni. Akuvamile abahlobo ukuba akukho ziyadutyulwa ekufeni. Ubungqina wafa uMikhail Lermontov, Prince Vasilchikov de kube ngumzuzu wokugqibela babecinga ukuba imbongi akazange athathe kakhulu ekulweni ezayo. A zokucwangcisa wawungabiwa ngokucacileyo imizuzwana, kwakungekho ugqirha, yaye, besaphula zonke izimiso eyamkelekileyo ngokubanzi, waya abaphulaphuli. Lev Sergeyevich Pushkin, umhlobo Mihailom Yurevichem, amanqaku akhe ngendlela wafa Lermontov bathi kanye ukuba alwe lenziwe "nxamnye yonke imithetho kunye nembeko." Ngaphezu Martynov, yena wayesaziwa ngokuba oneentloni, abaninzi kuhleka. Le meko abazange bamvumele ukuba umpu evela kumhlobo endala.

Iimeko ezimbini zokucwangcisa

Vasilchikov prince, ukukhumbula wabulawa ngayo Lermontov, wabhala oku kulandelayo. Imizuzwana walinganisa amanyathelo amathathu kwaye wafumana njengomqobo yokugqibela amakhono ezilishumi. Emva koko bebasa abachasi kumgama kakhulu waza wabaxelela ukuba idibane kwi qela: "Marsh" Ngoko ke imizuzwana zithwele pistols, wanika nabo duelists waza wayalela: "idibane" uMikhail wahlala ndawo, kukhuhlwe ukusuka elangeni, cocked yaye yaphakamisa umphanda gun phezulu. ubuso bakhe ezolile, ibinzana ochwayithileyo. Naye Martynov ngokukhawuleza wasondela njengomqobo yaye ngoko nangoko wadubula. Imbongi wawa. Viskovatov wongeza iimeko indlela wafa M. Lermontov, kwinkcukacha ebalulekileyo. Ubonisa, ngokutsho Vasilchikova ukuba uhlobo ngokungxama kuye Martynov kuthiwa usineke phezu kobuso uMikhail Yurevich. Imbongi wabesa izandla zakhe phezulu, kodwa akazange abe ixesha batole sele emoyeni.

Lermontov ukuziphatha

Ukuziphatha kwe imbongi iphakamisa iqela lemibuzo. Inyani yokuba uMikhail wenza lixhoba lukhohlakele zakhe neziqhulo Martynov, kwaba nezolo. Kodwa kutheni onyanisekileyo inzondo umhlobo nosele imbongi akamthintelanga kuxhatshazo? Emva Lermontov, nangona kakhulu, waba nobubele kakhulu kubahlobo bakhe. Kukho iimeko xa uMikhail nangoko uxolo kumntu woniweyo kubo. Kutheni kunjalo Martynov ukuba bathandazela ukulwa? Kwakhona, ukuba Lermontov akazange acinge izizathu ezimbini zokucwangcisa kakhulu, kutheni akazange nangoko wadubula phezulu emoyeni? Ezi iifitsha imo imbongi angekahlawulwa.

Lermontov and Pechorin

UMikhail uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wagxininisa ukuba azazi iimeko kwinoveli "A uHero Ixesha yethu", mhlawumbi isimilo Pechorin abanayo kwi kakhulu semxholweni. Kunjalo, uhlalutyo nasengqondweni embhenca ezingqonge ophambili yenoveli, Kakade ke, ukusondela Lermontov. Ngapha koko, utyhila ihlabathi engaphakathi abalinganiswa bakhe - umsebenzi wakhe. Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi, kwesi sabelo, kukho imfihlelo njani wafa Mihail Yurevich Lermontov? Mhlawumbi nje wadlala, ndiqhuba eksperimenti ngokwasengqondweni xa umhlobo wakhe omdala? Enyanisweni, indlela yokuziphatha Martynau inento of Grushnitsky. Kwakhona uzama ukuba uzifihle ngakwilitye le imaski lobugorha yothando emehlweni wembongi, mhlawumbi kubonakala engenangqondo ezitenxileyo. ukuba nje ezimbini zokucwangcisa Lermontov kaThixo, xa ayikwazi nangayiphi na enye indlela busa umdlali yakhe. Kutheni uMikhail uzama ukudubula emoyeni ngomzuzu wokugqibela, xa sele akukho mathandabuzo okuba Martynov ufuna ukumbulala? Yena, njengo Pechorin, udlala ukufa, kodwa, ngokungafaniyo uyafa isimilo sakhe. Impendulo kulo mbuzo, "kutheni ukufa Lermontov" inikeza enye abaphandi umsebenzi wakhe - Levin. inqaku lakhe "Le zokucwangcisa Lermontov" iqulethe iinkcukacha ezininzi umdla yokuziphatha nangokwasengqondweni imbongi ngemihla yokugqibela yobomi.

ukufa Lermontov kaThixo

Imbongi wafa imizuzu embalwa emva kokuba ababuleweyo, ngaphandle kokubuyela ezingqondweni. Vasilchikov indulumbane edolophini kuba ugqirha, kodwa wabuya nto - ngenxa yemozulu eyomeleleyo embi akukho namnye ekuvunyelwene naye ukuya. Ngokutsho amangqina, ngosuku owabulala Lermontov, oko imvula. Emva koko Stolypin kunye Glebov e Pyatigorsk waqesha inqwelo waza wathumela ukuba kwendawo zokucwangcisa Ivan Vertyukova (nomqhubi imbongi) kunye iikulya Kozlov (umkhonzi Glebova). Xa elele efile zokucwangcisa ndawo, abaninzi beza ukufumana indlela wafa M. Lermontov, kwaye jonga umzimba wakhe. UMikhail Yurevich waziswa indlu malunga elinanye nentsimbi ebusuku. Yena wangcwatyelwa 1841, ngoJulayi 17, kwi-Pyatigorsk emangcwabeni. Kukho ubeke umzimba iintsuku imbongi i-250. Umakhulu wakhe, E. A. Arsenevoy, waphumelela imvume yomlawuli ukuthutha kunye umzukulwana ikhaya iintsalela. Ngowe-1842, 23 Apreli, imbongi uMikhail Yurevich wangcwatywa Tarkhany kufutshane uyisemkhulu nonina.

nxi Martynov

ukufa Lermontov wabenza nangoburhalarhume obukhulu kwizangqa komphakathi Russian. nombulali lwakhe kabukhali wagxeka ngabantu abaninzi enakhanyiselwa ngayo ixesha. Yena inkundla-karate yokuqala, wagwetyelwa ukuhluthwa onke karhulumente kunye isikhundla. Noko ke, isigwebo wokugqibela amanqaku ephisa ngawo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, Martynov wachitha iinyanga ezintathu uBrigadier, yalulanyiselwa ukuba baguquke ibandla, iminyaka ke embalwa ukukhonza yokuvuma eyayiseKiev. Kamva, wabhala memoirs malunga nendlela Lermontov wafa ngesandla sakhe. Nicholas ngokwakhe Solomonovich wafa ngowe-1875, abaneminyaka 60, waza wangcwatywa kwigumbi usapho kufuphi nelali Ievleva. ingcwaba lakhe engafakwanga. Ngowe-1924, xa kaZuma usapho Martynov wahambisa Alekseevskaya MONO beso sikolo. abemi balo bayonakalisa crypt kunye iintsalela uNicholas Solomonovicha batshoniswe echibini lendawo. Oku isohlwayo ngokubulawa wembongi enkulu.

Njengokuba ngoku usazi ukuba Lermontov wabulawa njani yaye phi. Le ndoda inobuchule ezidityanisiweyo ngokwakhe italente lokudala enkulu kunye nesibindi igosa lomkhosi. Ubomi bakhe wayemfutshane, kodwa brilliant, wakwazi ukubhala ezininzi imisebenzi ezibalaseleyo. Igama Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova yenye edume kakhulu futhi iziqu kuncwadi Russian.