NoMsindisi Monastery kuAndroniko: ifoto, idilesi, ncomo

UMsindisi Monastery kuAndroniko ubhekisela kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo engundoqo eMoscow. Esi sakhiwo yamandulo ukunyanzela ubungangamsha bayo. Famous isigodlo yokuba saso icons Andrei Rublev. Kungenxa yoko le nto woonongendi ibizwa ngokuba yi-Cradle of ukupeyinta icon Russian. Emva kokufa zingcwele iconographer basindiswa woonongendi. Kwakhona zindlu i Museum of Art Andreya Rubleva.

Saint Andrew Rublev

Umhla ochanileyo wokuzalwa na iconographer ayaziwa. Mhlawumbe le 1360. Wazalwa kwi intsapho abafundileyo, endingowakhe ukuya izangqa aphezulu. Oku ngokucacileyo kuboniswa ubuchule bakhe. Master wafunda ukupeyinta eBulgaria kunye Byzantium. Kuyakwazeka ukuba eSt Andrew owayengumfundi Feofana Greka. opeyintayo ubomi bakhe zanikezelwa ubuchule ngokomoya. igama lakhe eyafakwa iinkcukacha Emnye Lavra of St. uSergiyo kunye noMsindisi-St, apho bathatha izifungo emishini. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, uAndreya wachitha emoyeni ngokomoya wobungcwele. Umzekelo, waphefumlela bonke abanquli njengoko nengumzekelo umntu engcwele. Kule minyaka ingama-20, wayiqhubela ubomi icon opeyintayo-obungqongqo.

umsebenzi wakhe umfanekiso Emnye oyiNgcwele, nto leyo kuseyinto umzekelo nanto iconography. Kwakhona iingalo Andreya Rubleva lwalupayintiwe kwingcinga Cathedral Vladimir kunye Zvenigorod kunye Annunciation Cathedral kwi yesicelo. Kwakhona inxaxheba ekupeyinteni iconostasis kwi Cathedral ye Yokuzalwa of ungowokubongwa uMariya Sawa-Strozhiskom monastery.

Iziganeko andulela nokudalwa woonongendi lwangoku

Legend yokuba ngo-1354 Alexis waya eConstantinople ukuba intlanganiso zeformula Orthodox uMphathi. Xa ebuya, koko wabamba inqanawa yakhe isaqhwithi esikhulu kuLwandle Black. Intliziyo Metropolitan uthandaza icon kaKristu, kodwa uqhwithela waqhubeka emsindweni. Ke Alex wafunga kuKristu, ukuba abaseleyo, qiniseka ukuba ukwakha eMoscow itempile azinikele Face oyiNgcwele kuMsindisi. Storm ngoko nangoko. Ngaba kwenzeka okanye ihambo kaThixo, kodwa ngemini lokufika ekhaya metropolitan kungqamane ekubhiyozeleni uMsindisi.

Oko kwaba itempile yokuqala, engaziwa. Kukho amacebiso ukuba yayenziwe ngamaplanga. Kamva yaqala ukubonakala ulwazi malunga ukwakhiwa ilitye elo ngo-1360 okanye ngo-1390. Kodwa nobungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba phambi eli xesha kwi sayithi isakhiwo ecaweni.

izibakala ezithembeke kakhulu kukuba woonongendi Spaso-kuAndroniko elimiswe minyaka 1410-1427 Aleksander umphathi.

Imbali yokwakha

Xa "Book of ngamandla ukumkani yokuzalwa" Pahomiya Logofeta wathi ekupeyinteni yecawa khange ngaphandle iingalo Andreya Rubleva. Eminye imithombo Kwakhona wathi Andrei Rublev Daniel Black waya eMoscow ukuze ukupeyinta yecawa. Emva kweminyaka embalwa ukufika weemonki Andrei Rublev eyemka ngayo kweli hlabathi, waza wangcwatyelwa oyiNgcwele Monastery Andronievskom. Ibali iya ukuba umsebenzi yokugqibela iconographer. Ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha, ngexesha nokubuyiselwa phantse wonke umsebenzi inkosi iphangiwe. Ifudusiwe iziqwenga nje ezimbalwa imizobo kwi windows.

Kwiminyaka 1763-1779 kwi banikwa ngokutsha. isandiso senziwe ngokohlobo nevaranda enophahla.

Ngowe-1812 ibandla wabanjwa engxakini. Ukutshisa ilangatye lomlilo phantse zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo iconostasis. Ngowe-1850, le yecawa iye itshintshe kakhulu inkangeleko yayo yoqobo. Kwicala langasezantsi ukuba incamathele kwi kwigumbi le Ingqikelelo Virgin Mary, ngasentla - ndlwana icala St. kuAndroniko, apho kusekwa kophahla hipped.

Emva kokuba revolution, i Monastery of uMsindisi Andronov yaba yindawo amabanjwa. Kamva, isakhiwo wanikwa kwisityalo "Hammer kunye irhengqa." Ngoxa zonke izakhiwo abasebenzi yetempile waphila. Ngowe-1959, le yecawa iye yaba Museum of Art of Ancient Russia Andreya Rubleva.

Ngowe-1989, ibandla yanikwa Moscow labefundisi kunye Monastery of uMsindisi Andronovskoe kwakhona ukuqhuba imisebenzi yayo ngqo.

Ubomi ngaphakathi weemonki

Namhlanje uMsindisi-azikho unqulo kuphela. Woonongendi usebenza znamenny esikolweni lomculo. Namhlanje inqabile kakhulu. Le ndlu yecawa iye choir yayo. Kwakhona workshop iconography usebenza apha. Ngokwesiseko zebandla weemonki eshicilelweyo iincwadi ngembali nezithethe yecawa.

Ngo-2010, woonongendi Spaso-kuAndroniko batyelela uMphathi eMoscow All Russia KIRILL waza wayenza Compline encinane.

Uphi na Spaso-Andronikov Monastery? Cathedral ibekwe kwindawo entle ngasechwebeni emlanjeni Yauza. Oku kwenza kube gem wokwenene isithsaba kwelifa eliyinkcubeko yethu Russia.

Umzimba iqulathe izakhiwo weemonki zetempile, izakhiwo zolawulo, le necropolis ka woonongendi, iindonga weemonki ezinde. Ngasemva ezi ndonga, kukho nezinye izakhiwo akwi woonongendi.

Le sesakhiwo izakhiwo zetempile

Yitempile izakhiwo ziquka Cathedral ye uMsindisi Face oyiNgcwele. Le yenye yoonongendi zindala eMoscow, nto leyo umzekelo izakhiwo yamandulo. Azikho ukwakha itempile, ngokutsho neengcali, iye enkulu egqibeleleyo ezinjalo. Imilinganiselo woonongendi iphembelela parameters ezinye izakhiwo zetempile. Ngenxa yoko, ubume epheleleyo ibonakala evumelana kakhulu.

Ukuphakama Spassky Cathedral uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu. Ukuya ngasempumalanga na esibingelelweni, equka ezintathu. Xa iziko lwezinye lwefacade zilungiselelwe ezikumaziko ewebhu nombono.

Zonke iindonga iifestile, sivumele ukukhanya kungena macala onke. ukhanyiso Uniform ngetempile ulunika imbonakalo omlingo.

Le tempile yakhiwa izihlandlo eziliqela. Kodwa kule nkulungwane yama-20 restorers bakwazi ukubuyisela imilo yayo yoqobo. Kodwa ke esekelwe ipeyintwe yi Andrei Rublev, nangoku azikhange zigcinwe. Kufutshane itempile iqula kwicala elingasezantsi. Isithethe uthi amanzi ngcwele, kuba kaloku ogrunjiweyo Mfundisi ko.

Ibandla Arhangela Mihaila

Ekuqaleni, emva ngowe-1506, sakhiwa kwibhanka refectory. Le tier lokuqala inxaxheba ebomini yezoqoqosho, kumgangatho wesibini yaba refectory. Xa iziko le holo inkulu intsika phezu apho iisethi ezine. Esi sakhiwo isetyenziselwa ukuba Chamber of the Moscow yesicelo.

Kamva, kufutshane refectory wakha ibandla Arhangela Mihaila. Ukwakhiwa senziwe isimbo ezimbejembeje, kodwa abakhi aye Kumi refectory kunye indibanisela isimbo, edibanisa izakhiwo ezimbini lwesakhiwo enye.

Kungenxa kule ndawo ngoku Museum of Andrei Rublev.

Spaso-Andronikov Monastery e Moscow - yiseti kwimizobo ngobugcisa. Enye yazo i kwiCawa Yokuzalwa. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, namhlanje kwaba kuphela eludongeni kwicala lasentshonalanga. Ngowe-1930, ibandla kutshatyalaliswa.

Okwangoku, i-Isango oyiNgcwele yaphila, kodwa gumbi, nto leyo ngaphambili bamkhonza Church phezu amasango, kwafuneka ngokutsha. Ngoku kule ndawo ekufunyanweni Museum of Andrei Rublev kunye mali kwisebe mali kwisebe.

belfry

Ekupheleni kwale 90 kufutshane izindlu emaqandeni wakha belfry. Ekuqaleni le ndawo kwakhona nenqaba intsimbi, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ukuphakama nenqaba intsimbi bafikelela-80 m. Yaba isakhiwo ezinde eMoscow olu hlobo.

Ngowe-1803, i-kwenqanaba lesibini belfry wamthabatha uSimon ecaweni, kodwa ngowama-1930, mhlawumbi ngonaphakade. Ngelishwa, ilitye lesikhumbuzo ezinhle zakhiwo lakudala akukho abuyiselwe namhlanje.

Izibonelelo ngeenjongo zolawulo

Kwakhona uMsindisi Monastery kuAndroniko has a ku kwakhiwa apho kwenziwa umsebenzi yolawulo, kuba namhlanje Museum lokuqala. Ekuqaleni, izakhiwo zolawulo, kodwa aba umlinganiswa eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, kumgangatho wokuqala yeekota umphathi sele ukhonza iholo ukuze kwimiboniso zethutyana, kumgangatho wesibini nekuhlala ngumzimba olawulo imyuziyam.

Kukho kwakhona umzimba emaqandeni, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane yokuqala ye-18. Ngowe-1763, oko zandiswa, ekugqibile ngecala lasezantsi. It ngaphambili yenzelwe iimonki indlu. Namhlanje nasezindlini elinguvimba imyuziyam.

Ngowe-1811, lwakwakhiwa ummandla uMsindisi-Theological Academy. Esi sakhiwo ihonjiswe iiwindow omise. Kwakukho noqeqesho luqhutyelwa abasebenzi zecawa. Isikolo baqeqeshiwe abafundi abamalunga ne-100. Namhlanje le ndlu ilungiselelwe amasebe imyuziyam.

izakhiwo isigodlo

Kwindawo apho ngoku likwaneklinkhi umlindi emyuziyam, sebenzisa ukuba isakhiwo inkonzo. Kufutshane refectory kwakunjalo lwezoqoqosho iimveliso zokugcina. Namhlanje ke igumbi yokugcina imyuziyam.

Ngo-2011, emantla-mpuma yinxalenye refectory kwakhiwa ibali elinye-"Bread House". Esi sakhiwo mihla sibhalwe kakhulu kwenza kungena lomculo lulonke. Iindwendwe Museum idlalwa kwi venkile-refectory ofudumeleyo naziphi izidlo. Kukho amathuba emitshatweni ukuququzelela kunye nezinye izihlandlo ezikhethekileyo.

Ngowe-2006, ebudeni ukuvuselelwa mathambo, leyo cishe ezi izinto ezingcwele Andrei Rublev, kodwa ningekabi nakomelela ukungqina oku.

Ezinye izakhiwo kwi kwintsimi weemonki

Spaso-kuAndroniko eMonastri (ifoto ngasentla: umbono ukusuka ntaka uyijonge ungentla) iye nezinye izakhiwo.

Kude kube namhlanje isebenza Emnye Chapel, ngaphandle kweendonga weemonki. Ku yakhiwa kuthelekiswa kutshanje - ngo-2011. Ndlwana wamkelekile ezihonjiswe epeyintwe ebhanyabhanya sale ndlela, wenza Mario Antonucci inkosi.

Behlonipha Andrei Rublev kwi woonongendi wamiswa nentsika yelitye enikezelwe ngumzobi icon. Ngowe-1985, ilitye efakwe kwi epakini kufutshane Gates oyiNgcwele.

Wonke umhlali eMoscow njengondwendwe kufuneka atyelele Spaso-Andronikov monastery. Iimpendulo ngaye kwabanye abantu kuyakhuthaza kakhulu. Uninzi ndawo ifana inqaba yamandulo. Le yindawo enkulu ukuba wedwa kunye ithuba baqokelele iingcinga zakhe. Isigodlo lonke mmandla ezintle kunene. Kule ndawo ungenza ngenene uzive umoya imbali.

Kulula ukufumana i-Spaso-Andronikov monastery. Idilesi: Moscow, pl. Andronievskaya 10.