Olwandle lwaseIndiya

Eyesithathu inkulu kwihlabathi yiLwandle lwaseNdiya. Ubanzi balo (phakathi kwe-Australia ephantsi ne-Afrika esezantsi) malunga neekhilomitha eziliwaka elinesibini. Ummandla woLwandle lwaseNdiya unamawaka angama-73,556,000 square (kunye nePersian Gulf noLwandle Olubomvu).

Iziqithi kummandla wamanzi zincinci. Izona zinkulu zilandelayo: ISri Lanka, iMadagascar, iSocotra. Kukho iziqithi ezifana nePrince Edward, iMascarene, i-Crozet nabanye. Kwiimitha zentaba-mlilo kwiindawo zokutshatyalaliswa kwezotyati ziqithi zeCoros, Lakadiv, Maldives, iKoconut nabanye.

Ulwandle lwaseIndiya lucebile kwiimigodi. Ngoko, iipasiti zegesi kunye neoli (ngokukodwa kwi- Persian Gulf), iisanti ze-monazite (kummandla wonxweme kumzantsi-ntshona we-Indiya) zafunyanwa kwiishalavu, igolide, i-phosphorites kunye ne- tin ore zafakwa kwiindawo ezinqabileyo . Imifudlana ye-chromium, i-manganese, isinyithi, ithusi, njl njl. Zifunyenwe kwiindawo zokuhlala.

I-Ocean yase-Indiya iyindawo ehlala kwimpuma ye-hemisphere. EmaNtshonalanga yi-Afrika, ngasentla-Eurasia, empuma-e-Australia nase-Sunda Islands, eningizimu-Antarctica. Kwintshona-ntshona-ntshona, uLwandle lwaseNdiya luxelwa ngokubanzi kwi-Atlantic, entshona-mpuma - kunye nePacific.

Ukukhululeka kwezantsi kuyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ihlukeneyo. Ngezantsi kweLwandle lwaseNdiya, inkqubo iyahluke phakathi kwamaphulo avela phakathi kwamanxweme asemazantsi. Ziyahlukahluka ukuya ngasempuma-mpuma nenyakatho-ntshona. Amagqabha ayahlukana nobukho beempazamo eziphambeneyo kunye neengqungquthela, ukuxhamla, ukunyuka kwamanzi ngamanzi. Inani elikhulu lamanzi aphantsi-olwandle aphakathi kwamagquma. Ishalofu ayinabo ububanzi obukhulu, kodwa ubukhulu bayo bubalulekileyo kwiindawo zaseAsia.

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yeLwandle lwase-Indiya ihlala kwibhantshi ye-subequatorial, equatorial kunye ne-tropical. Inxalenye yalo esezantsi ikhona kwiindawo eziphezulu ukuya kwiindawo ezingezantsi. Into ebalulekileyo yemozulu kummandla wamanzi yimimonyo - imimoya yonyaka. Kule nto, kwi-Ocean yase-Indiya, kuphela amaxesha amabini kuphela - ubusika obumbile, obushushu obufudumeleyo kunye nezulu, eshushu, elambileyo neqhwithi. Ukususela ngekhulu le-10. W. Emazantsi umzantsi-ntshona we-trade wind uhamba phambili. Iimpawu zengqondo ezithe tye zibonakaliswe ngumoya ozinzile nolusisiseko osentshona. Ibhanti ye-equatorial inexabiso elikhulu lemvula-ukuya kwii-millimitha eziyi-3 000 ngonyaka. Kwi-Gulf yasePersian, kunye noLwandle Olubomvu kunye nommandla wonxweme waseArabia, ngokuchasene noko, kuncinci kakhulu.

Amanxweme e-Indian Ocean kummandla wasenyakatho akhiwa phantsi kwefuthe lokutshintsha kwe-monsoon, qhagamshelanisa inkqubo yangoku kunye namaxesha. Ngoko, ikhefu lasehlotyeni (ukusuka entshona ukuya empuma) kunye nobusika (kwindlela eyahlukileyo) lenziwa. Kulo nxalenye esezantsi, iPassat South yangoku kunye nekhondo leNtshona zineziqalo.

Ubungakanani bomgangatho wamanzi obushushu bubangama-degrees ayishumi elinesixhenxe. Ixabiso elinjalo eliphantsi lidibaniswa nomphumo wokupholisa amanzi ase-Antarctic. Engxenyeni esenyakatho, ulwandle lubuhlungu kakhulu. Ekubeni akukho kungena kubanda, kuyindawo efudumele kakhulu. Kwi-Gulf yasePersi ehlobo, ukushisa kwamanzi kunokunyuka kuma-degrees angama-34. I- southern hemisphere ibonakaliswe ngokunyuka kokuhamba kweqondo lokushisa kunye nokwandisa ububanzi.

Ihlabathi eliphilayo kwiLwandle lwaseNdiya luneendlela ezininzi ezifana nehlabathi lePacific. Kubonakala ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo zeentlanzi. Ngoko, umzekelo, inxalenye esemantla inotyebi kwi-anchovies, i-sardinella, ityhuna, i-mackerel. Apha ungayifumana i-sharks, intlanzi ehambahambayo kunye nabanye. Amanzi asezantsi aseLwandle lwaseNdiya ahlalwa yi-notothenic, whitefish fish. Apha unokufumana iipinnipeds kunye ne-cetaceans. Ihlabathi lezilwanyana zase-coral ziqithi kunye neshefu isisityebi.