Oki (tree): inkcazelo. Yimalini oki

Oak i sodidi kwezityalo, lalo usapho beech. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini: Imithi nezihlahla. Oak idibanisa ngaphezulu kwama-500 iintlobo zeegusha. Areoles umthi yokuhlala zimelwe Northern saseNtla. Isityalo sinemozulu ziingcathu, ngoko emazantsi zehlabathi uphila kuphela kwimimandla emvula. Amagqabi kunye neziqhamo zibonwa kakuhle, ngenxalenye ezityiwayo elungileyo impilo.

Umjikelo nokwanda

Oki - umthi, lalo iintlobo evergreen izityalo. kwesithsaba saso alunako ukutshintshwa iminyaka eliqela. Noko ke, kukho dwala apho amagqabi kuwa kuqala iqabaka yokuqala. inflorescences zemithi unisexual, amancinci. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-isithsaba ngexesha uvuvuzelo kangaka luyalambatha. iintyatyambo Strong kuphela abasetyhini, namajikazi abantu bakaThixo awe kwi umoya incinane umoya.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba oki - umthi nosasazeko yi ezikalini eziyimfuneko imigangatho ezimbini. nokuvuthwa Palsy lwenzeka kwi shaft, nto leyo esosini encinane. Kamva ke likhula yom. uhlobo ngalunye oki iziqhamo kunye nefom roller ezahlukeneyo. Kwezinye iintlobo, imbewu evuthelweyo, wesibini - ngeenxa nabancinane, ukusuka wesithathu - orehoobraznye. It wavunyelwa ukuba bawele uhlobo, kodwa oku kungenzeka ukuba kukhokelele ekucutheni kakhulu isivuno. Tree likhula kancinane kakhulu, kodwa unako ukuphila kangangamakhulu eminyaka. Inkqubo iingcambu luqokelelane kunyaka wokuqala, uze emva koko eguqukayo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, emva kokuba oki wabona cut esithile isiphunzi ixesha ukuvelisa amahlumelo enamandla ngokugqithiseleyo. Oki - iinkuni, nto leyo kakhulu befuna phezu komhlaba, ukuze umhlaba kuba nantoni na. nokuzalana Natural kwenzeka imbewu. Ukuphakama oki Ibanga ukuya kwiimitha 40-45. Umthamo we isithsaba ixhomekeke iintlobo kunye nemozulu.

Inkcazelo IsiNgesi oki

Olu hlobo lwesityalo ithathwa ngokuba eqhelekileyo, njengoko eqhelekileyo kakhulu kwicala yaseYurophu yale planethi. Oki evela yom ngeenyanga nje ezintandathu. Okulandelayo kwakhiwa yomboko wayo, isithsaba kunye neengcambu iminyaka engama-20. Le mithi midala ukufikelela ukuphakama kuyimitha 50. Isiqu kunye namasebe shinyi, womelele, nako ukumelana nomoya nokuba nzima. Phantsi kweemeko inobulali, kunye nemithi oki iingcambu petiolate olubanzi Zinokuphila zide zibe neminyaka 1000.

Iqolo limnyama, zamafu. Amagqabi lume, kukhule imiqadi kufuneka ukususela nge-3 7 kancane amazinyo blade luhlaza. imithi enjalo liqhuma entlakohlaza emva kwexesha. Oaks uthando zesiqhelo ilanga, njengoko kunjalo isityalo flameproof. Imbewu ubude 3.5 cm.

Features oki ezintofontofo

Amaninzi, abameli kule ntlobo zifumaneka eCaucasus, kwi eCrimea, kwakunye eAsia Minor kunye nakumazantsi Europe. Xa ukuphakama imithi ikhula 8-10 leemitha ngaphantsi emhlabeni kuphela. Yokuba ixesha elide kunye nobushushu ukuxhathisa.

Ndimele ndithi, aba ngamatye mioki na enasilela ngayo kwamanye ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuphakama. Kodwa ke buti jiko kakhulu engqindilili awavikive anabayo. Ngenxa yobukhulu ezincinane kunye nezityalo isithsaba olubanzi ngokuqhelekileyo besuka kumgama ufana ityholwana enkulu. La magqabi elide maxa wambi ukufikelela ukuya kwi-10 cm. Kwindlela ukuba maxongo noko, bekhula ngababini, yabe wakhomba kancinane, esiluhlaza bumnyama. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, esikalini ezingqongileyo yom ezintofontofo kwaye ethambileyo.

Ubume oki Holm

Wood ithathwa indawo awazalelwa kuyo lweMeditera Malaya Aziya. Okwangoku, xa ngenkuthalo ilinywa eMntla Afrika naseYurophu. Kuyinto isityalo, ndimkhathalela, okuphakama kweemitha 22-25. Umboko grey, egudileyo. Crohn kaThixo onabileyo, nesithokothoko. Amagqabi ngokwabo zincinane, variable kwimilo, ecwebezelayo, umbala oluhlaza oqaqambileyo, bulishica. Iziqhamo zivuthwe kuphela kunyaka wesibini.

Oki ngokukhawuleza, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imozulu. Yena ilingane kwaye abandayo degrees -20 ukuya +40 kunye nobushushu. Shadow-proof, emelana neembalela. Oku kubizwa ilitye engxondorheni ngenxa yokuba imithi kakhulu ukukhula ematyeni, ezintabeni.

Iimpawu ezinika oki ebomvu

Amaninzi afumaneka kwi iibhanki yemilambo. Ayithandi amanzi amileyo emhlabeni. Homeland oki ebomvu kuthathwa Intshona Melika, ingakumbi Canada. Xa ukuphakama kwale mithi ukufikelela-25 eemitha. Ngaphandle enesiqu esincinane, egudileyo. ixolo Gray mnyama kunye nobudala kunye ivale. oki shatrovidnaya Crohn, oluhlaza kunye nobomvu mthubi kufutshane emhlabeni. Kushiya enkulu, ngamanye amaxesha ubukhulu yi-25 cm. Ziye tsolo ngamaphiko. Ekwindla ajika abe bomvu kwaye ziyawa. Iziqhamo mancinane, ungqukuva, ubungakanani -. Imbewu-2 cm zeento ebomvu, anike brown kancinane. Ukuvuthwa e kokwindla, ngomnyaka wokuqala isivuno esibi. bokuchuma olunoZinzo - ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-20.

umthi Hardy, cwaka uyabachasa umoya onamandla ilanga eliqaqambileyo.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga oki emhlophe

Indawo awazalelwa kuyo sityalo unxweme mpuma North America. emasimini ezinkulu zifumaneka emahlathini kunye umhlaba lekalika sisityebi. Easy ukuba kunye nezinye iintlobo oki. Kubalulekile ukuba mmandla akukho ngaphezu kokuba ngekhilomitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. imithi White oki akubanyamezeli kuneqabaka kakhulu.

Ukuphakama umthi oqolileyo lumalunga-30 eemitha. shatrovidnaya enamandla Crohn akhiwe ekusasazeni amasebe. Izivalo umbala - hina. imithi Old phantse musa ngothanda, ngokungafaniyo chereshchatogo uhlobo. Amagqabi embhoxo, enkulu (ukuya kuma-22 cm), ukuba phezulu ukuya iibleyidi 9. Ebudeni eqhubela bahlazeke, ehlotyeni - eluhlaza, kufutshane ubusika ezi purple kwaye ziyawa.

yom ubude -. 2.5 cm kukubola iziqhamo kunzima igqunyiweyo, ngoko ngokufuthi baya kuwa kuwo umthi yimimoya enamandla.

Oki Inkcazelo krupnoplodnogo

Le mithi iintlobo North American. Khula ukuya kwiimitha-30. Isiqu saso elingqingqwa, umbala omdaka, sibange ngamandla emva ekubeni ihlumelo kwiminyaka embalwa. Shatrovidnaya imilo isithsaba iyazalisekiswa anabayo enamandla. Kushiya lume, lobed, abe umbala oluhlaza emnyama, bubengezela ilanga emva kwemvula. Xa ekwindla yonke isithsaba iyavuthuluka, ngamanye amaxesha kunye ugobela ngakulo amasebe awo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ubudeki zamagqabi -. 25 cm imbewu elikhulu, ngokufuthi efikelela ubude-5 cm seqanda, ngumntu wesithathu edliwe ezikalini ..

Iyantshula macrocarpa oki isantya eneshologu e. Imbewu hygrophilous kakhulu kwaye morozoneustoychivy. Ngenxa yale hlobo uthathwa zokuhombisa.

Asiphelelwa nezompleyini oki

Ngokubanzi eArmenia, Iran kunye North Caucasus. ngeke ibe Ukulinywa. Uninzi izityalo - zasendle. Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-20, le mithi sele idwelisiwe njengoko ezisengozini, ngoko ke ukusika akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo. In Hirkan reserve abantu ingakumbi abaqeqeshiweyo amlinda.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, nezompleyini oki ngumxube iintlobo ezininzi yasendle ezikhula ngokongamayo malunga crests ze ikhephu. Kuyinto elula kakhulu, abangaxhalabisiyo ukumelana iqabaka, kodwa uluthiyile imbalela. Xa intlahla amagqabi oki, umthi njengomthi omkhulu nezompleyini, 30 eemitha eliphezulu. Isiqu lingako ngokufanelekileyo kwaye mncane, esasaza amasebe. Amagqabi ezinkulu kashtanovidnye ukuyibethelela ngakumbi isithsaba ubukhulu shatrovidnoy. Imbewu kudumba ku-3 cm ubude.

Quercus palustris (pyramidal)

Ingqalelo kuyo kwimimandla southern rock eKhanada. Xa ukuphakama umthi ifikelela 25 eemitha. Crohn kude kufana iphiramidi. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba phantse zidibana kunye amagqabi buti. Isibakala sokuba amaxolo Bog oki eluhlaza ngokupheleleyo ngokundibamba omdaka. Amagqabi eliphakathi, kufuneka iinotshi enzulu kunye amazinyo. Umbala isithsaba - oluhlaza, kodwa ekwindla uba purple. Fruits globose, sessile, malunga 1.5 cm ububanzi.

imbewu oki njengamanzi, kwakunye imithi abaqolileyo. Ukuze inkqubo ukufuma iingcambu eyongezelelweyo iya nzulu emhlabeni. uhlobo yokuhlala - moorland. oki Pyramidal likhula ngokukhawuleza, uyafa kuneqabaka ixesha elide. Amaxesha amaninzi kwizikhewu zasendle enkulu ingafunyanwa kwi kunxweme amachibi kunye namachibi.

Growth and buphindwe

nezithombo oki IsiNgesi kwaye krupnoplodnogo inzima kakhulu ukufuma kunye nobutyebi bezimbiwa lomhlaba. Kungenxa yoko le nto ngokukhawuleza sikhule ezinkqantosini unogumbe imilambo zinzulu ihlathi obambe. Ayikhuthazwa ukuhlwayela izithole oki kumhlaba podzol. Xa ehluma zomhlaba enjalo ubacime kamsinya, kuba iingcambu ezingakhankanywanga kunzima ukuzilungisa ngenxa ubumuncu eliphezulu wamatye.

Zihlwayeleleni, imbewu enqwenelekayo kokwindla. Fruits kufuneka nentlahla. Ukuba bayavuma wokwaphusa nakancinane imbewu, izinga ekuntshuleni lifinyele maxa wambi. Ubunzulu yokutyala ye -. Cm-5 ukuya kwi-8 Ngaphambi akhule oki, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba imeyili lokutyala kufuneka ivundiswe. Ukukhusela ziintsholongwane nxamnye izinambuzane kuyimfuneko ukukhusela amasebe awo nespruce. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukugcina amaqondo obushushu bomhlaba zizinze (degrees hayi ngaphantsi kwe-2). begadi abaninzi uyazibuza ukuba zikhule njani komterebhinti, ukuba eminye imithi ngenxa yeemeko musa ukunika imbewu. Kuba Ungathatha ingqalelo inkqubo yokuzalela. ningazicenti Green nincothule kwisiqingatha sokuqala kwehlobo. Musa ukuba kuhambe ukusebenzisa njengoko yesichumiso IAA okhethekileyo. Ukongeza, kufuneka wazi ukuba izithole zemithi ekhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula kakhulu (iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20) ubudala.

Amanqaku oki ngocelemba

Amalungu ale ntsapho zemithi ezifana ngenyameko enkulu, nangona ukuba kuthathwa zasendle. Ingakumbi ngenkqubo lwefuthe kwisivuno sesityalo. Oki - umthi kunye eyayizalwa monopodial. Ngenxa yoko, isiqu engundoqo kufuneka siqhubeke avuke de kube sekupheleni ubomi kwisityalo. Kulo mzekelo, incam ayikwazi kuphela ubude. Usoloko obusa phezu kwezinye amahlumelo.

Ukuthenwa kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo kwiminyaka embalwa. Ithuba kangangoko kuzakususa amasebe entlakohlaza ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni zasebusika. Kubalulekile ukuba ubushushu bomoya kule meko ayizange ngezantsi -5 ° C. Kungenjalo frostbite kuvela iindawo cut. Xa ihlobo la masebe yabuna emhlabeni. Ukuba kuza kubakho inani elikhulu, ngoko bonke ziya kulahleka umthi. Ukususwa kufuneka ukulilulamela kuphela amahlumelo amatsha, iinzuzo kunye namasebe zizifo.

iipropati eziluncedo kwaye kuyingozi oki

Iinjongo zempilo adla ngokusetyenziswa ixolo kunye namasebe abaselula mthi, kwakunye imbewu, akufane - amagqabi. Kwiingcamba aphezulu oki buti iqulethe eninzi asidi yentlaka, iswekile kunye pectin. Ukubunjwa ngeziqhamo luncedo ziquka izinto ezifana neeoli eziphilayo, iiprotheni, istatshi. Kukho izithako bed, idayi kunye neqela pentosan kumagqabi abaselula. Ngenxa yale siqhamo umthi kunye arhente esebenzayo anti-ukudumba zakhiwa. Kuyinto eyaziwa kakuhle iimpawu antispasmodic oki. Umzekelo, umthi ixolo ngempumelelo kunceda ukudumba, ukopha isisu, gastritis, izifo udakada wesibindi. Tinctures oki bandisa umsebenzi engqondweni nasemzimbeni, uthobe CNS, ukuphucula patency nemithambo.

Kwelinye icala, amalungiselelo ngenxa yale sesityalo contraindicated ebantwaneni kunye izigulana ukuqhina, hemorrhoids, isicaphucaphu, izilonda esiswini.

ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo

Oaks kwiimeko ezininzi, ezisetyenziswa ekwakheni ukupheka, ngokunjalo noshishino ukukhanya. Kwimbuphu yesarha yenza ukhokho kunye nempahla. Wood iyilungele iinqanawa kumphezulu, iinqaba, isakhiwo umatshini, imveliso nemigqomo. Iibhodi musa kudumba, ekhanya, amandla ezahlukeneyo, ngokuba lukhuni kunye mninzi.

Xa intlahla amagqabi oki kunye imbewu zivuthwe, kufike ukupheka. E North America, isiqhamo somthi idla idityaniswe ikofu, uyitye izitya kakhulu olugqibeleleyo. E Asia, imbewu wadla okroqiweyo, kunye nobulawu.