Isakhiwo esiphezulu saseRashiya. Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yaseRashiya. Iifoto

Isakhiwo esiphezulu saseRashiya yiyona ndawo yendawo yokwakha enkulu eyenzelwe amaqhawe-amaqhawe e-Battle of Stalingrad. Le yikhumbuzo "Ii-Callland ze-Motherland", ezakhelwe kuMamayev Hill kufuphi neVolgograd.

Iiparameters eziphambili zobunqamlezo

Umfanekiso ode kakhulu eRashiya ngumfanekiso wesifazane oqhubela phambili kwaye ubiza oonyana bakhe. Ukuphakama komfanekiso, ukuma kwisiseko seshumi elinesibhozo, unamamitha amahlanu anesixhenxe. Ngesandla sokunene, umama umama ubamba ikrele. Ubude balo buyimitha engamashumi amathathu nantathu. Ubunzima bekrele li-toni ezilishumi elinanye. Ukuphakama okupheleleyo kweso sakhiwo kuyimitha engamashumi asibhozo anesihlanu.

Iiparamitha ezinjalo zibonisa ukulingana kunye nesilinganisi sesikhumbuzo esikhulu senkathazo. Isisindo esipheleleyo salo mfanekiso siyii-8 zeetoni.

Iqela elithathe inxaxheba ekudalweni kweprojekthi

Isalathiso somfazi sisichazi sesimfesane saloo mfanekiso wesithandwa-i-Nike yamandulo. Ukhuthaza iintombi zakhe kunye noonyana kungekuphela nje ukunika ukutshabalalisa okutshabalalayo kwiintshaba, kodwa kunye nokuqalisa ukugxeka. Ukwakhiwa kwengxube yesikhumbuzo kwakubaluleke kakhulu kwilizwe lonke. URhulumente akazange akhintele ubunzima bokubumba ababandakanyekayo emsebenzini, mhlawumbi kwizinto okanye kwiimali. Umphathi weprojekti kunye nomdwebi omkhulu uVeveny Viktorovich Vuchetich. Abancedisi bakhe babeyizakhiwo zeDemin neBolopolsky. Le projekthi yayibandakanyeka abadwebi beNovikov, uMatrosov noTyurenkov. Bonke emva kokuba ukwakhiwa kwanikezwa i-Lenin Prize. UVuchetich, ngaphezu koko, waba nguHero weZenzo zoLuntu. Wanikezwa iGold Star.

Iqela lobunjineli, elisebenza ekwakhiweni kwekhumbuzo, lakhokelwa ngu-I.V. Nikitin. Kamva wadala iNqaba ye-Ostankino. Le projekthi yayinomcebisi wezempi. Baba nguMarshal VI. Chuikov. Ngexesha lemfazwe, lo mkhosi wamkhosi wayala umkhosi owawuvikela uMamayev Kurgan. Kamva wanikezelwa ilungelo lokungcwatywa kwisikhumbuzo esilandelayo nabafayo.

Ukwakhiwa

Isikhumbuzo "Iifowuni ze-Motherland" zakhiwe ngo-Oktobha 15, 1967. Ukwakhiwa kwakususela ngo-Meyi 1959. Ngelo xesha kwakukho umfanekiso ophezulu kwihlabathi, ngoko ke ulwazi malunga nalo lufakwe kwi-Guinness Book of Records.

Isikhumbuzo senziwe ngeebhloko zekhonkrithi ezixhasayo. Ngenxa yokuveliswa kwazo, amawaka amabini anesine ama-toni ezakhiwo zetsimbi zafuneka. Ikhonkrete ngexesha elifanayo lisetyenziswe amawaka amahlanu amahlanu amahlanu. Kwaye oku kungenasiseko apho umfanekiso owakhiwe khona. Umfanekiso ode kakhulu eRussia umi phezu kwiplani apho ukuphakama kumamitha amabini kuphela. Esi siseko, kwakhona, sihlala kwisiseko esifihliweyo phantsi komhlaba.

Ubunzima beendonga zesakhiwo, ezenziwe ngekhonkrit eqinisiweyo, ncinane. Ingamashumi amabini anesithandathu ukuya kumashumi amathathu amasentimitha. Ukunyaniseka kwesakhelo esikhulu kunikezwa ngamacwecwe anesithoba esithoba anesithoba. Zingaphakathi kweso sakhiwo.

Umsebenzi wokubuyisela

Kwinguqu yokuqala, ikrele eliba nesigxina lenziwe ngensimbi engenasici. Ngaphandle, yayinamaphepha e-titanium. Nangona kunjalo, ngumoya oqinileyo, ikrele latshona. Amashiza e-Steel akhonkcoza. Kwaye ngoko ngo-1972 i-blade yatshintshwa yenziwe yenziwe yenziwe yenziwe yenziwe ngensimbi. Ngethuba elifanayo, baphinde banqumla iingxaki ngemimoya, bebeka iimfama kwi-krele.

Isakhiwo esiphezulu saseRashiya, esona sikhumbuzo esikhulu se-monument-e-Volgograd, sele siphindwe kabini kwimbali yobukho bayo. Okokuqala kwenzeka ngowe-1972. Kwaye kwatshatyalaliswa iqela lekrele. Ngomnyaka we-1986, iingubo ze-hydrophobic zeso sithombe zabuyiselwa.

Ukubaluleka kobugcisa

Isikhumbuzo "Ii-Motherland Call" E.V. UVucheticha unempahla emangalisayo. Kulowo nalowo mbonisi, uvelisa impembelelo ethile yengqondo. Njengoko umbhali uphumelele oku, ngamnye wethu unokuqiqa nje. Ezi zigxeko ezithe zavela kwidilesi yendalo (kubo bafaniswa noMarseillaise kwi-arch of Perisian arch). Umzekisi ngokwakhe wafumana imfazwe enobuthathaka kwimbali yabantu. Umsebenzi wakhe wawuyinkokhelo kubo bonke abakhulelweyo nabokukhumbula ngonaphakade. Ubungcali obukhulu bomdwebi kwaye avunyelwe ukudala le sikhumbuzo esinqumlekileyo.

Imbali yobugcisa obukhulu

Ixesha elipheleleyo elikhoyo lelizwe lethu lizityebi kwiziganeko ezahlukahlukeneyo. Zibonakaliswa yimifanekiso eqingqiweyo yaseRashiya. Uninzi lwazo lwaza lwaza lwaza lwaziswa, lwatshatyalaliswa lwaza lwazalwa kwakhona. Zonke izikhumbuzo ezikhoyo ziyinxalenye enkulu yenkcubeko yelizwe.

Umzobo wobugcisa baseRussia unomdla. Olu hlobo lwezobugcisa zaseYurophu lwalukhokelela kwii-17-19 zeenkulungwane. Lezo mifanekiso ezadalwa ngeli xesha zibonakaliswa ngokuvisisana nokucaca kwemifanekiso, ukuhlanganiswa okuqinileyo kunye nokulinganisela.

Ngaloo ndlela, umzi waseYekaterinoslav ngo-1846 wawuhlobisa isikhumbuzo esichaza uMpress Catherine II. Eyenziwa ngexesha elide ukususela ngo-1782 ukuya ku-1788 eJamani, wahlala ixesha elide kwimpahla yentsapho yaseGoncharovs.

Inomdla kakhulu yimbali yezikhumbuzo zexesha laseSt. Petersburg. Ngokomzekelo, i-portrait enkulu yeAlexandro I yahlonyelwa ngu-I.P. I-Martos kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo ye-marble BI. Orlovsky. Ngomnyaka we-1822, lo mkhangeli waba ngumnye wezikhumbuzo zokuqala zasebukhosini ngaphakathi kwe-Exchange, e-Vasilievsky Island. Kufanelekile ukuthetha ukuba uMartos uzuzile udumo lwenyaniso ngokubulela kwisikhumbuzo esazenzileyo, esasungulwa eMoscow. Le mifanekiso ebonakalayo yiMinin nePozharsky (1818). Kubonakalisa ii-pathos ezaziyimpawu yabantu baseRussia ngexesha lokuhlasela kweNapoleon.

Kule mini uPetersburg uhlotswe ngesikhumbuzo ku-IA. U-Krylov, owavela ngo-1855. Ukubonakalisa okugqithiseleyo kwindlela yokufunda efunyenwe kwintsebenzo emangalisayo. Yaba yikhumbuzo kuSuvorov, umdwebi uM. Kozlovsky. I-jikelele ibonisa umlobi enekrele kunye nekrele ezandleni zakhe. Ngaloo xesha, isibalo seSuvorov siqhwabile ngokunyakaza. Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yenzelwe ukuququzelela imbono yokunqoba nokuhlala kwabemi. Isikhumbuzo, esifakwe kwiSvvvvv Square, sesinye sezidume kakhulu.

Ukutywa kwexesha lesilivere eRashiya kwenziwe ngumzukulwana oselula. Bayeka ukuhambelana neklasi kunye nokufuna iindlela ezintsha zeemifanekiso zamaqhawe abo. Isikhumbuzo sesiqingqiweyo salo xesha saba yinto ebalulekileyo. Umsebenzi obalaseleyo kweli xesha liyikhumbuzo kumlobi uPushkin, owakhuliswa ePushkin. Phakathi kweemifanekiso eziphawulekayo zeSiliver Age - isikhumbuzo ku-Alexander III. Umdwebi uP. Trubetskoy, owaludala, wakwazi ukuguqulela umfanekiso wenkosi kwifomu engacacanga ngokucacileyo nebukhali.

Ixesha lamaSoviet

Ngokuza kwamandla eBolsheviks , iimfuno ezizodwa zenziwe kwizithombe. Okokuqala, kwafuneka ukuba ithandwa. Ngokumalunga nalo mfanekiso, abasebenzi basezidolophini kunye nesixeko, abakwa-servicemen kunye nabameli beSoviet intelligentsia baba ngabadwebi. Isikhumbuzo sasifanele sibe nenjongo yokucinga kwaye sibonise ubomi obunokuthula kwabantu, kunye nezenzo zakhe zobuqhawe. Isici esibalulekileyo ekubunjisweni kwakuyiyona nto yokwenza ukulungelelanisa. Umfanekiso kwafuneka ukuba ubhekise kwinkqubo yophuhliso lwembali oluhambelana nokuqonda kwimbali.

Izikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo zeSoviet

Iyiphi into ephakamileyo kunazo zonke eRashiya emva komfanekiso "Iifowuni zamaMotherland"? Esi sikhumbuzo, esakhiwe eMurmansk. Inikezelwe kubasemagunyeni baseArctic abahlaseli be-fascist baseJamani. Yavula isikhumbuzo ngo-1974. Ababhali balo nguBradsky nomdwebi uPoprovsky. Ukuphakama kwesiqingqiweyo sesikhumbuzo singama-35.5 emitha. Isikhumbuzo esinama-pedestal sisuka kwi-45.5 m.

Indawo yesithathu kwiluhlu lwezithombe eziphezulu zikwisikhumbuzo kuLenin, esungulwe eVolgograd. Ukuphakama kwayo nge-pedestal ngu-57 m.

Eyaziwayo kwihlabathi lonke kunye nesikhumbuzo "UmSebenzi kunye nentombazana yaseFundal Collective". Lo mfanekiso waba ngumqondiso wexesha lamaSoviet. Umbhali weemitha ezimashumi mabini anesihlanu u-Vera Mukhina.