Xa ngo-1983 eUnited States baye baba i MLRS MLRS, leyo ngeempawu zalo efana eSoviet "iNkanyamba" inkqubo esetyenziswa ngo-1975, amazwe NATO wagqiba kwelokuba yamfumana eSoviet Union phezu iinkqubo lomlilo imvula. Noko ke, ukundixelela. Kwiminyaka emine emva koko, ngo-1987, yamkela izidubuli zokudubula butho waseSoviet Army wangena ufakelo "Smerch".
History of indalo
Lo msebenzi ukuphuhlisa inkqubo irula entsha phambi kwayo, ukongeza kwimisebenzi zemveli ngenxa yokubhuqwa zokusebenza, izixhobo, kwawo, zokuchopha nezibonda, abe kunye nokonakaliswa imijukujelwa ezithile. Ukulungiselela le njongo kuyimfuneko kukunyusa ukuchaneka badubula uluhlu. Kuba uphuhliso nkqubo yayivela Tula Design Bureau of the loPhando lukaRhulumente neMveliso Enterprise "Fusion", ezo zazakhiwe izindululi ezininzi rocket Russia. umyili jikelele Alexander Nikitivich Ganichev, yaye emva kokufa kwakhe - Denezhkin Gennadiy Alekseevich.
Design kunye neempawu
Ekuqaleni umsebenzi abathungi ujamelene nengxaki enkulu. Onke umjukujelwa izindululi Russia kunye nehlabathi, kuqalwa edume "Katyusha", kunye ukwanda leHamas uchunge kuphulukana inzuzo zazo eziphambili - ivolibholi ibetha ithagethi zange ichatshazelwe a imijukujelwa nangokuyisasaza enkulu. Ukoyisa lo ethile, ukubhabha wokuqala ukulungiswa busetyenzisiwe ehlabathini le iimbumbulu wathi kwelizwi kunye Yaw. Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ekhethekileyo yolawulo hit ukuchana kwaphunyelelwa kubini, kunye nokuchaneka - aphezulu izihlandlo ezithathu ngaphezu koko iinkqubo ezifanayo amazwe lomlilo imvula. Ngaphezu koko, kwi projectile isicelo ongcono okuqinileyo-izomelezi. Zonke ezi meko zibonisa ukuba ukufakelwa "anezandi" - isixhobo kwinqanaba ngokwesiseko omtsha nanto limile kwaye ngokubulala amandla omlilo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwezithuthi vehicles kunye eqela labasebenzi utshaba ezinokubakho.
Isibonelelo emthethweni
RZSO "anezandi" - ufakelo lomlilo ivolibholi. It has a guide sungula ngemibhobho 12, ngokulandelelana, kwi iimbumbulu iquka iintlobo-12 ezahlukeneyo imijukujelwa. Cinga ezinye zazo. 9M55K shell has isahlulo intloko iziqalelo ukuqhekeka. Eyenzelwe bazibandakanye ubugcisa soft-bahlinzekileyo kwaMandla oLuntu kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni evulekileyo. Le projectile iquka 9M55K1 submunitions homing. Yenzelwe ukuba atshabalalise phezulu izithuthi vehicles namatanki. Izikhali 9M55K3 and K4 zisetyenziselwa anti-abasebenzi anti-imigodi ngokulandelelana. Inxalenye Intloko 646 lixhotyiswe 9M55K5 submunitions kunye okwe-ubé lethality. Umthwalo 120 mm isikrweqe yohlobo olunye kunye kakhulu nxamnye nomkhosi leyo edakasa BMP, APCs. Missile 9M55F iqulathe detachable ukuqhekeka warhead eliphezulu-Uyadubula. Ubhubhisa kwawo, amaziko zonxibelelwano, kwikomkhulu, emkhosini kunye namaziko oshishino. Le projectile kakhulu sisiphazamiso "anezandi" yi 9M55S exhobele warhead thermobaric (ebizwa ngokuba yi-iziqhushumbisi amafutha-moya, okanye ezincamathelayo intlekele). Izinto zokwakha zeemvavanyo karhulumente, nto leyo ebonisa ukwanela ukusetyenziswa kwayo, zihlelwa.
Okwangoku, ngokusekelwe Iimboniselo ngentla liphuhlise imijukujelwa ezintsha nokonyuka ukudubula uluhlu yeekhilomitha 90. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe omnye warhead engaqhelekanga. It is a enomjukujelwa nge -moya yaqonda, ekuthi kujongwe ukuba iliso kwesimo utshaba kangangesiqingatha seyure, kwaye unezinga eliphezulu invulnerability wabulela ubukhulu ayo.
I complex MRL
Ivolibholi ufakelo "Smerch" iquka zilwe isithuthi 9A52, wadala ngokusekelwe isisu semoto abane-asi eliphezulu cross-MAZ 543 isithuthi. It ndawonye iphakheji 12 ikhokela enye imilo tubular, kukho izixhobo zonxibelelwano irediyo, kwakunye nenkqubo yolawulo emlilweni izixhobo ezikhoyo. umatshini transportnozaryazhayuschaya osetyenziswa kulayishwa umndululi, iye 9T234 isalathiso, nayo kwi-MAZ-543. Uguqulelo kwamanye amazwe ye-MLRS ibonelela, ngesicelo, imoto replacement "Tatra-816." Oku kungenxa yokuba kwezinye amazwe, afana India, kukho inkonzo ephuhliswe kakuhle kule nkampani. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izicwangciso isicelo combat kakuhle asetyenziswa: IQ esimbaxa (ulawulo lomlilo oluzenzekelayo) 9S729M1 "Wethu, sikhuphele-1" KamAZ-43114 ( «Tatra-T815"); Izithuthi ukuba ucando (1T12-2M index, ndingaz-66); Zemozulu radiopelengatsionny complex 1B44 "Ncuma" ( "phambene-43203").
Amazwe ngeengalo kwi RZSO
Ngexesha yiSoviet Union iwa ezingalweni regiments ezintathu irula zokudubula le ufakelo "Smerch". 336 webutho, emva 1991 wahlala e Belarus, 337 - eRashiya, yaye 371 - in Ukraine. Ukongeza kula mazwe zikhankanywe apha ngasentla, i ufakelo bakhonza e Azerbaijan, Algeria, Venezuela, Georgia, India, Kuwait, UAE, ePeru Turkmenistan. Inxalenye amatanki kula mazwe baye babekwa ngqo Rosoboronexport, kwaye abanye baye athengiswe ukususela oovimba eSoviet Ukraine ne Belarus. China ivelisa RZSO "Smerch"-mvume kwisisu semoto yayo.
ezintsha ezithembisayo
ERashiya yanamhlanje liphuhlisa iinkqubo imizili entsha. A ifoto womnye kubo imelwe ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo. Le ukufakelwa "Kama" kwi kwisisu semoto elitsha KAMAZ-6350 kunye yimiqolo 6 endaweni-12, nolwathi kwaboniswa kuqala kwi aerospace show "maks-2007". RZSO lisaqhuba ukuphuhlisa isizukulwana esitsha "Isaqhwithi", nto leyo eya kungekudala asingxengxezele ukulwa umsebenzi kwi Russian Army kunye semkhosini kwamanye amazwe.