Polymerase chain reaction kunye nohlobo bayo nobubanzi

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - indlela ezinto eziphilayo, nto leyo evumela ukubona izixa eziphilayo izinto elincinane deoxyribonucleic acid (iDNA), okanye kunoko, ezinye namaqhekeza ayo, ndibandise amaxesha amaninzi. Emva koko zaye zachongwa abangaboniyo yi gel electrophoresis. Indlela abasabela waphuhliswa ngo-1983 yi K. Mullis yaye zifakwe kuluhlu obafunyanwa ebalaseleyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Zeziphi iindlela PCR

Inkqubo yonke isekelwe phezu isakhono nucleic lokuzimela phindaphinda, ukuba kulo mzekelo ezigcinwe ngokuzenzela elabhoratri. DNA ukuphindaphindeka ayikwazi ukuqala nayiphi kummandla molecule, kodwa kuphela kwiindawo kulandelelwano elithile nucleotides - amaqhekeza ukuqala. Ukuze ukuba polymerase chain reaction sele iqalile, kufuneka primer (okanye DNA ixhokonxa). Ezi ziqwenga ezimfutshane ulandelelwano DNA kunye ulandelelwano nucleotide elinikiweyo. Bona iyavumelana (ngamanye amazwi, ulungelelene) ukuqala sample izabelo DNA.

Kakade ke, ukudala kwenziwa, izazinzulu kufuneka bafunde ukulandelelana nucleotides le nucleic acid, nto leyo inxaxheba kule nkqubo. Ezi ixhokonxa DNA ukuqinisekisa ingakumbi indlela kunye nokuqaliswa kwayo. Polymerase chain reaction akayi kuhamba, ukuba isampuli akayi kufumana ubuncinane enye molecule DNA efunekayo. Ngokubanzi, basabela kufuna ezi ncwadi zingasentla, iseti nucleotides, ubushushu enganyangekiyo DNA polymerase. Le yokugqibela yi enzyme - ngayo zokuphosa ze Yindibanisela iimolekyuli acid omtsha nucleic ngokweesampulu. Zonke ezi zinto, kuquka izinto eziphilayo, apho kuyimfuneko ukuchonga DNA kuhlanganiswa ibe umxube reaction (isisombululo). Ibekwe ngendlela thermostat okhethekileyo yenza ubushushu yayo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye sokupholisa ngexesha elichaziweyo - umjikelo. Zisoloko ne30-50.

Njani na lo yabo

Umongo oku kukuba xa umjikelo omnye, le ncwadi ziqhotyoshelwe iinxalenye DNA ofunekayo, emva koko aye kabini yi enzyme. Ngenxa onesiphumo imisonto DNA kwimijikelo ezilandelayo ngakumbi eziqwenga ezininzi iimolekyuli ezifanayo.

Polymerase chain reaction isoloko wachacha alandelayo amanyathelo yayo. It luphawulwa kuqala kabini imali imveliso ngethuba lomjikelo nganye ukufudumeza nokupholisa. In inyathelo yesibini indlela lwenzeka deceleration ukususela enzyme onakeleyo ulahlekelwa umsebenzi. Ukongeza, sisazama noninzi lwezinto nucleotides kunye kwenziwa. Kule yokugqibela - lehewu - iimveliso akukho kuphinda yande njengoko ngokutsha phezu.

Apho isetyenziswa

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, isicelo polymerase chain reaction ebanzi ufumana amayeza kunye nenzululwazi. Lusetyenziswa eziphilayo oluntu nawabucala, amayeza lwezilwanyana, ekhemesti, kunye nendalo. Ngeli lixa benza ukuba esweni umgangatho ukutya kunye izinto nokusingqongileyo. Belizwe zisetyenziswa polymerase chain reaction kulo mkhuba lwasenkundleni ukuqinisekisa makavume kunye nokuchongwa ngokuzazisa komntu. Xa kwinzululwazi esayensi, ngokunjalo kwesayensi, ngokufuthi le ndlela yeyona ndlela kuphela, kuba akukho kudla ziyafumaneka ukulungiselela isifundo wezixa ezincinane kakhulu DNA. Kakade ke, indlela kakhulu lusetyenziswa kakhulu sifumaneka kulo mkhuba yamayeza. Kwakufuneka naye kwiindawo ezifana yemfuza, esosulelayo kunye nezifo oncological.